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AUTHOR Hirschfeld, Rafael; Sieger, GeorgeTITLE Instrumentation and Software for the Collection,

Analysis, and Interpretation of Eye Movement Dataduring Reading. Technical Report No. 3.

INSTITUTION s ate Univ. of. New York, Ithaca. Coll. of Agriculturea'd Life Sciences at Cornell 'Univ.

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PUB DATE / Jun B1CONTRACT. N00014-80-C-0372NOTE 30p.; Bibliography may not reproduce clearly.

EDRS PRICE' MF01/PCO2 Pius Postage.DESCRIPTORS

ABSTRACT

Cognitive Processes; *Data Analysis; *DataCollection; *Eye Fixations; *Eye Movements;*Measurement Equipment: *Measurement Techniques;Psychology; Reading Research; Research Methodology;Visual Perception

Noting that the equipment traditionally Used in evemovement research is :loth expensive and stationery in nature, thisreport describes apparatus for .collecting and interpreting eyeMovement data -that is both relatively inexpensive and portable. Thereport lists and describes hardware and software components of a datacollection and data analysis system that provides precise informationregarding the location, duration, and sequence .of eye fixationsduring the reading of zaterials that are composed of both' text andpictures. It also describes a procedure :for collecting eye movementdata.in nonlaboratory settings, such as classrooms. (Author/FL)

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REPORT N.,kr,GER Zr- :it .....Ai k.' 7 77',;SiON NO. r---3.. CIPIENT'S:OATALOG NUMBER

Technical Report Nu. 1

4. "TITLE (and Subtitle)Instrumiantation and Scftward fn he 7...--Z11,==tion,

Analyst , and Interprr-:ation of -1.7-e HLA4-=.:....

Data.d==tng Reading'''.4a.arch

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_-_.-zhnical 3.'1/80 - 5/31/81.

PEERFORMING P.G. REPORT NUMBER

Rep:,rt No.4 Series B

7. AUTHORes)

Rafael:aLtschfeld, Cr..: Ill qni2ersity

Georga Eiager, CorneiLlnivers.-ItT

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N00014-80--0372

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University -....--19. KEY WORDS (Continuo on reveres side 11 neon:emry orrt=:r:-m:ih.- di;71Took nurneer,

eye-movements eyt. :ra..k.

reading researchinstrumentationvisual processing

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reveres side It necessary -and Irlerirrtv by blench nuesaar)

Describes a method and apparatus t.cr m2lIazting_iand

ment data, for research on reading -- :c.--t -=s as well

interpreting eye move-as text, that is both

hardware andanalysia system which

duration, and secidencethat'are composed of bothcollecting eye-movement

:......----------.....0

relatively inexpensie and portabla. is _s and describes

data datasoftware components of'a colli, ...nd

provides precise 'information razar&ing :n lec.ation,

of eye fixations during the rea.-ding:al .-ms.serials

text and pictures. Also describes procedure for

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daz...a.in nonlaboratory settings such as classrooms.

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Eye Movement Instrumentation

1

InatnunAllatinn And Software for the Collection,_and InterprQ:_tati_sm Eye Movement Data during Reading

Rafael firschfeld and George R. BiegerCornell University

Abstract ,---:

Describes a method and apparatus for collecting and

interpreting eye movement data, ,for research on readingpictures as well as text, that is both relativelyinexpensive and portable. Lists and describes hardware and

software components of a data collection and data analysis

system which provides precise inforthation regarding the .

location, duration, and sequence of eye fixations during the

reading of, materials that are composed of both text and

pictures. Also describes a procedure for collecting. eyemovement data in nonlaboratory settings such as classrooms..

Eye Movement Instrumentation

2

for the Cca1egt:1 on. ysis,

and 7:::Lte-17rs.-.. Eve. Movement Arta during

the pay f-eis investigatzz-s in sev-erz: clam _J__=3

of cogniti- psym-thcLo7: haTe- begun to develop and use .techr

for recorth.-:_ms the of small eye movements and werix:-..,:i=s1'

which they e _tes of mental proc-esses.'-in

they have "a1.- ixation durations as indices .cf' the

(operations pr` r."11-F. involved in reading (Bouma & delloogd,temporal propert -1i-- of mental operations, :zincludingthre mental

197)4; Carp-.;;,er & Just, "972, 1977; Just & Carpenter, -976a,

1976b, 198C: Lef'-on, 1973; Loftus, 1975; McConkie, 176; Rayner,

1975a, 9-,13: Rayner & McConkie, 1976). Although

such tech..-z.lues `-iave proven valuable, they have. been found to

have at laa.t.- twa major practical drawbacks limiting theirwidespre:a.---, se reading research. The first obstazLe has been

the high cr-=°_.-. Eye tracking devices are typically .ezpensive

themselves Dually require very costly accessory -.---quipment to

be useful. ,.,-;11 equipment expenditure in excess of $5C,-)00 is not

unusual, but ys often prohibitiVe to many prospective rrasearchers

in this field. A second problem is that such equipment isnecessarily staltionary and reqUires that all data be collected in

the laboratory. This limitation'often precludes (or at leastmakes more _difficult) the. use of subjects who do not have easy.

\ 6

Eye Movemerit I7.strumentatfon

3

access- to the laboratory. from. these subjects are often

useful in those irr:.--..tatigations -zonderned wit n individual

differences in read-L-mg. This report descritas apparatus and

procedures dasignd to overcorr-- --fneseobstecles while retaini-27

the precisior a=uracy Ilecm-r°y for the use of eye.movement

techniques l'eed±ag research-

The dev,.e.: i---emt and use of Uza equipment, software, and

procedures C-zscr.'zed .below came about in response to problems

encountered investigating the ways readers use the

information zonta ned:in materi/,a_ consisting of pictures and

text. Our -_:went was.to maniv-ete the location of certain kinds

of informatm (e.g. locative r descriptive information) in

text or pi:.:_ -res and measure effects of these manipulations

on comprehemzion.. We wanted knoW what, caused a reader

leave the text to search ci picture for additional information and

where in the picture they loOked for that information. We also

.wanted to compare reading strategieS among diverse categories of

readers; for example, beginning and immature versus accomplished

reader's. These objectives required that we know: (a) where.. the'

reader was looking (i.e.-the location of the eye fixation),(b)

how long he/she attended to that location (i.e. the duration of

the fixation) and (c) where he/she looked next /(i.e. the

sequence of fixations) . Also; collecting data from People of

various backgrounds many of whom could not practically come to

our laboratoey required a portable data collection system.

hY ---e

Eye Movement Instrunntioa-

4

Given our budgetary limitations, we attempted adapt our

equipment to meet the specifications of our researar-- That

equipment is described below and our laboratory lay= is shown

in Figure 1.

Insert Figure 1 about here.

1-C121122111t

1)' Gulf and Western Model 106 Eye-trac system (cost' $2500)

This device uses a' differential reflection methOd of

limbus and eyelid tracking, and produces an analog

signal proportional, to'the displacement of the eye.

Since it can follow each eye's movements in only one

direction, we record horizontal movements from one eye

and vertical movements from the other. It is equipped

With a chin and temple rest and has been modified to

include a head restraint to-minimize head movements but

allow reasonable comfort. The machine is easily

portable and we have bolted .it to fa base which in turn

can be clamped.to any table or platform to _provide it

with stable support.

2) JVC KD-A2'stereO cassette deck (cost $300')

Ne use this store the output of 'the Eye-trac system

8

Eye Movement Instrumentation

S

when we are la:477- from the laboratory and cannot send the

signal dimrtL- to the computer, In order to record the

D.C. signal we have built a detachable

modulator/demodulator (see Figure 2).

3) Data Translation DT2762 A/D converter (cost $750)

This takes the analog signal from the Eye-trac system or

the tape deck and converts it to adigital value for

computer analysis.

4) PDF-11/03 zomputer system (cost $4500)

The computer system includes a dual floppy disk drive,

32K RAM, 4-port serial line interface, line time clock,0

and CRT terminal. The system accepts data from the

analog -to digital converter and stores them on floppy

disks for subsequent analysis. This. analysis will be

descrqbed more fully in the section on, software:

5) Hewlett-Packard 7221B. plotter (cost $5000 - optional)

-Although thie device is 'not essential, we -have found it

extremely: useful for diOlayi)11

g eye. positions and for

setting:bp map's, of the stimuli. The plotter sends the

boundaries bf_all stimulus target regions to a mapping

program (using a digitizing.sight) and, after data have

been collected, plots the eye-positions over a larger.

reproduCtion of the stimulus.

Eye Movement Instrumentation

6

Software

1) MAP - creates a map of target locations in the stimulus

(i.e. words or parts of pictures) by acceptng the

digitized coordinates of the boundaries of the target

areas 3from the plotter. In configurations without the

.plotter a modified Version' of MAP will accept the

manually measured coordinates from th e keyboard. ,This

information is stored for subsequent comparison to the

raw eye movement dat gathered by the program ITRAK.

_2) ITRAK'- gathers data from the eye track machine. Two

types of data are c llected: the raw eye position data

'Which is sampled at the rate of 60/sec., and calibration

data used 'to map the eye position data onto the stored

representation of the: stimulus created by MAP.

Currently, we ask the subjects to look at the corners of

the stimulus card to determine the coordinates of the

card boundaries. This information is then used to

--

compute a linear transformation that changes the scale

of the raw diata to that of the stored stimulus map. We

have found, however, that this method 'presents several

problems. First, it is difficult to tell exactly when

the subject is looking at a corner of the card. Second,

due to nonlinearities inherent inthe\eye track machine

and the analog/digital converter, these coordinates

often do not define a r'ectangle, but rather some bizzare

1.0

Eye Movement Instrumentation

7

is

-quadrilateral. In order to remedy the first problem, we

are installing a pushbutton switch'connected to the

external trigger input of the A/D converter. The

subject would then push this button when looking at the

calibration point to begin conversion. This will

provide a more precise value for each calibration point.

To overcome the ni nlinearity problem, we are developing

-a moregeneral interpolation aigcrithm.

3) MATCH - takes the\eye movement data (from ITRAK)ind.

determines the target area to which eachpair of

coordinates is clos\est. It does thi's y applying the-

transformation'. comp Uted in ITRAK to th Converted data\

and ,comparing the \coordinates to those of the target

regions 'in the stimulus map created bylMAP. It then

produces a summary listing of these target areas on the

terminal, in the order tbey were scanned, and with the

time spent on each.

4) PLOT (Optional) - makes a .scaled reproduction of the

stimulus and plots the eye movements on this depiction.

For -ease of interpretation's we plot the reproduction of

the stimulus in black; ink; eye positions are shown in

red ink; and a sequence of numerals is plotted in green

ink at intervals of 60, eye positions, which corresponds

to one second of sampling.

Eye Movement Instrumentation

8

Procedures

1) Afteriturning off the room lights to minimize artifacts,

the experimenter calibrates the E e-trac sytem 'tor the

Particular sutjeCt.

2) The subject looks at each of the calibration points in

succession and the coordinates of each is.stbred,. either

on floPpy'diskS via the A-D converter and micro--

computer;, or on the cassette tape for' later conversion .

and storag'e onLfloppy disks.

3) The subjectbegins reading and the program ITRAK

colleCts eye position data and stores them on a floppy

disk. In 'out 'of laboratory data collection', the

lect's-eye positions are sett IrOm the eye track

r..ieice to the Cassette tape recorder, and later, in the.

laboratory, are .sent from the tape recorder to the

"micro- computer using ITRAK. The subject is instructed\ . \

to 'look at several 'landmarks, ' on the 'stimulus both

before beginning and after finishing reading the

material. During data analysis the eyes' poSitions

before' and after reading, as recorded, by the equipment,

, - --,

are compared. If,

the.recorded location for the same

landmark has not changed from'start to finish, we assume

that the eyes' positions' as recorded are accurate for4 ,

the entire samPle. 'If. however, there is a substantial

difference (Just & Carpenter, 1980 suggest.that 0.5

.10

Eye Movement Instrumentation,

9

degrees visual angle constitutes e substantial

difference) the subject's data are not useable.

41)After ,the data are collected and stored oni floppy disks,

the experimenter rims MATCH, which summarizes the

location, duration, and sequence of the eyes' positions

dtiring.reading (see Figure 3).

5) :.(qptional) The experimenter runs PLOT which reproduces a

'...scaled enlargement of the stimulus and plots the eyes'

positions on it. These are represented by points,

connected by straight lines which indicate the sequence

of fixations (see Figure 4).

Insert Figure 3 about here.

InseFigure 4 /about .here.

. \

Data Analysis

N

The data collected by ITRAK. and &I-splayed "by MATCH. and PLOT

is'in such ,a form tliat-it can easily be inali-Zedto ilientify the/

locatJon, duration, and sequence of eye fixations. Figure-3-,

depicts. the,output from MATCH and can be usedby itself to

Eye Movement Instrumentation

10

identify these important variables, The locations identified in

Figure 3 represent' the defined target area to which a given eye

position was closest and the durations are measured in 'ticks' -or

sixtieths .of 'a second. The order from top to bottom shows the

sequence of fixations. The principle disadvantage with using/

MATCH alohe is that the eyes will frequently stop at or near the

boundary between two target,a,eas. Because 'the eyes are never

(thereare small irregular movements called

tremors that occur when theeeyes appear staionary) this may cause

MATCH to show a series of very brief fixations alternating

between the two target areas zurrounding the point of focus,

Such.a disadvantage is not .necessarily serious ;if the general

location .of a fixation is all that is needed, however if more

y

precise information about the eyes' position is required this

limitation could be a problem..

The use of the iraphics plotter has overcome this

limitation. The plotter displays a reproduction of.the original

stimulus ane,PLOT draws the eyes! positions over this depiction.

Figure 4 shows a sample of the PLOT and 'graphics 'plotter-output:

Note especially that the eyeslipositions are indicated.with,

substantial .precision.' This plotter, and the program PLOT, used

--tozether- with MATCH, allows-us to determine the'location,

duration, and sequence of eye fixations with considerable

p acision.

The equipmentl, software and procedUres described above:have,c

Eye Movement Instrumentation

enabled us to make relatively precise observations of eye

behavior during ,reading without the prohibitively high cost

which typically characterize such systems. We are also able td-

make thoda observations wherever there is a room capable of being

darkened and that has an electrical outlet and a table. We feel

.that. this instrumentation and procedures will provide

opportunities for research byinvestigators who do not have the

funds to purchase more expensive equipment.

gote: FORTRAN IV source programs, for all of the` user

written software described i&this paper, are

available on request by contacting:

Reading, Researdh,Group

213 Stone Hall

Cornell University

Ithaca, NY 14853

(607)256=54-23 or 254=7706

Eye Movement Instrumentation

12

References

Bourne, H. & deVoogd, A. H. On the control of eye saccades inreading. nal= Research, 1974, 1L, 273-284.

Carpenter, P. A. & Just, M. A. Semantic control of eye movementsduring picture scanning in a sentence-picture verificationtask. Perception and .Ea.Y.SliaP.12rnaa, 1972, 12., 61-64.

Carpenter, P. A. & Just, M. A. Reading comprehension as eyesseeit. In M. A. Just-& P. A. Carpenter (Eds.) , c"ogaltimeprocesses la comprehension. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence

Erlbaum kSsociates, 1977.

Just, M. A. & Carpenter, P. A. Eye fixations and cognitiveproceiSes. Cognitive Psychology, 1976 a,' 441-480. (a)

JuSt, M A. Carpenter,-0.- A. The role of eye 'fixation researchin cognitive psychology. Behavior Research 4Lethods and.

,Inztrumentation, 1976,' a, 139-143. (b)

Just, M. A. & Carpenter, P. A. A theory'of reading: From eyefixations to comprehension. Psychological RevieW,.In press.

Lefton, L. Al Eye movements in reading 'disabled children. In J.'W. Senders, D. F. Fisher & R. A. Monty :Eds.') Eye nOjementsand the higher slayahalLgiaal functions. Hillsdale, N. J.

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1978.

Loftus, G. ,R. General software for an on-rline eye 'movement,recording -system.. Behavior Research methods And,

Instrumen:Atian, 1975, L; 201-204.

nMcConkie, G: W. The use of eye-movement data in determining theperceeptual,span in reading. In R. A. Monty & J. W. Senders(Eds.) Eye i movements, and psychological ;processes.Hillsdale, N.. J.: Laurence Erlbaum Associates,'1916.

Rayner,,K.' ParafoYeal identification 'during a Fixationreading.. ACTA 11igiulLaglaal 1975,, 39., 271-282.

Rayner, K. The ,perceptual span and peripheral cues in reading.Cognitive Psychology;, 1975, L, 65-81. (b)

Rayner,-K. Visual attention in reading: Eye movements reflectcognitive processes. Memory and Cognition, 1977/ 5,

443-448.

Eye Movement Instrumentation

13

Rayner, K. Eye movements in -reading and information processing.251ahalsml.cal Bulletin, 1978, ai, 618-660.

Rayner, K. & McConkie, G. W. What gUides a reader's eyemovements? Vision Research, 1976, al, 829-837.

Eye track

iachlne

Assembly area

Subject.

seated

phone

potter

CRT

screen

-------

keyboard

----------

O

PUP-1103

computer

and

disk

drive

Experimenter seated

hi

0

0

0 °

0

rt

1=4

figure la Eye movement iaboratoryrt 1 ,

H,

o

rt.H.

Left eye

Horizontal'Eye Track

1Monitor t,,ght eye

VCO

Vertical

Pushbutton Switch

VCO VoJtage'Control Oscillator

PLL - Phase 1.L ick loop

2,0

Tape Recorder

ALL

Ibmd111111MIMMIII111

ALL

Analog/Digital

Converter

Micro-computer,

Jigure 2, Schematic for modulator/demodulator device,'

0

rt

H

Aff t/I

rt

m.

rt

rt

I),-e Movement Instrumentation

16

Duration is indicated in "ticks" each of which is 1/60th of a second (16.7 ms)

Location indicates the word to whl:h the eye's focus was closest

duration location

28 THIS -- cluster of points in the upper left corner, at the beginning

4 TRACK4 EYE1 IS -- eye blink3 FOR

93 THIS -- fixations #1 and #250 IS -- #32 A3 TEST5 A fixation between "A" and "T 7r"

44' TEST53 SENTENCE -- #41 MACHINE1 TRACK --'regressive-sweep to beginning of second line1 THE

46 FOR. -- fixation above #57 :THE

31 FOR #6 ,

37 THE -- between "THE"' and "EYE"2 EYE

35 TRACK -- #7.

55' MACHINE -- #81 :TRACK ,

1. .THE ---movemen back toward the top for second reading2 FOR

Figure, 3. Sample of 'output7from_MAtCH program.,

(To be used 'with,Figure 4b)

Eye Movement Instrumentation17

Figure, 4 S4mPqms4 of output from PLOT program

cornell/glock

Navy

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(TAEG)Dept. of the Navy

^ Orlando, FL 32813

Dr. Richard SorensenNavy Personnel R&D CenterSan-Diego, CA 92152

Roger WeissingerBaylonDepartment of Administrative SciencesNaval ,Postgraduate SchoolKentereY, CA 93940

Dr'. Robert WisherCode 309Navy 'Personnel R&D Centeran Diego, CA 92152

1 Mr John H. Wolfe'Code P310G. S. Navy Personnel Research 'and

Development CeriterSan Diego, t CA 92152

Army

1 Technical DirectorU. S.%rmy Research institute for The

Behavioral and 'Social Sciences

5001 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandria, VA 22333

1 Dr. Beatrice J. FarrU. S. Army Research Institute5001 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandria, VA 22333

1 Dr. Dexter 'FletcherU.S. Army Research Institute5001 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandria, VA 22333

1 DR.. FRANK J. HARRIS ,

U,S. ARMY RESEARCH,,INSTITUTE

5001 EISENHOWER AVENUE

: ALEXANDR IA , VA .: 22333

Dr, Michael WienU.S. ARMY' RESEARCH INSTITUTE

5001 EISENHOWER AVENUE

ALEXANDRIA,. VA 22333

Dr. Milton S. KatzTraining; Tech:heal Area "M.: Army Research institute,5001 Eisenhower AVenueAlexandria, VA 22333

Dr. Harold F. O'Neil, Jr.Attn: PERIOKArmy Research Institute5001,Eisenhawer AvenueAlexandria, VA 22333

Dr. Robert SasmorU. 'S. Army Research Institute .6:or the.

Behavioral. and Social Sciences

5001 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandria; VA 22333

_ .

Dr. Frederick SteiriheiserDept. of NavyChief of Naval. OperationsOP-113Washington, DC 20350

Dr. Joseph4Warde,

U.S. Army Research institute5001 'Eisenhower AvenueAlexandria, VA 22333

A

corne4/glockk

.

May 27, 1981

Air Force

1 Dr. Earl. A. AlluisiHQ, AFHRL (AFSC)Brooks AFB, TX 78235

1 Dr. Genevieve HaddadProgram ManagerLife Sciences DirectorateAFOSR

APB, DC 20332

1 Dr, Marty Rocla.rayTectallcal DirectorAFHRL(OT)Williams AFB, AZ 58224

2 3700' TC PITCH St p 32Sheppard AFB, 76311

"t

Marines

H. William GreernipEdtication Advisor (E031)Education Center, MCDECQuantico, VA 22134

1 Special AsSistant for MarineCorps. Matters

Code 100MOffice of Naval Research800 N. Quincy St.Arlington, VA 22217

,;

1 ' DR. A.L. SLAFKOSKISCIENTIFIC ADVISOR (CODE RD-1)HQ, U.S. MARINE CORPSWASHINGTON, DC 20380

Other Dsp

12 Defense Technical. Information Center-, Cameron Station,,Bldg :5

Alexandnia, VA 22314Attn:,'TC

1' Military Assistant, for; Training andPersonnel. Technology

Office of the''Under Secretary of Defense

for Research & EngineeringRooth 3D129, The Pentagon,Washington, DC- 20301

DARPA-1400 Wilson Blvd.Arlington, VA 22209

.. Civil Govt

1 Dr. Susan ChipmanLearning and Development e

National Institute of Education1200, 19th Street Va'y3hington, DC 20208

William J. McLaurin66610 Howie CourtCamp Springs, MD. 20031

1. Dr. Arthur MrlmedNational. Intitute of Education1200 19th Street NWWashington, DC 20208

Dr. Andrew. R. MolnarScience Education Dev.

,and Research, National Science Foundation

Washington, DC 20550

1 Dr, Joseph PsotkaNational .,Institute. of Education

,1200 19th St. NW,WaShington,DC 20208

1 Dr. Frank Withrow' 4-'

U. S. Office-of Education400 Maryland, Ave. 'SW

Washington, DC 20202

1 Dr, :Joseph Le-Young. Director, Memory & Cognitive Processes

National. Science" Foundation',.WashingtOrr, DC 20550

26

Non Gov t

1 Dr.-John R. AnderionDepartment of PsycfnlogyCarnegie ,Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, PA''15213` A

Anderson:T:ernes H., Ph.D.Center for the: Study f Reading17.11 Children's Researcti Center,51 Gerty DriveChampiagn, IL 61820

1 Dr. John An nett,'Department of PsychologyUniversity of Warwick

'Coventry CV11 7ALENGLAND

1 1 piy,chological research, =

Dept. et Defense ('ArmyOffice)carcpbelll Park OfficesCanberra ACT, 2600,- Australia \Dr. Alan BaddeleyMedical' Research Council

Applied Psychology Unit15 Chaucer RoadCert.:bridge C32 2EFENGLAND

,

cornell /.glock x, May 27., 1981

Non Govt

1 Dr. Patricia BaggettDepoPtment of PsychoiogyUniversity of DenverUniversity ParkDenver,0080208

1 Dr. Jonathan BaronDept. of PsychologyUniversity of Pennsylvania3813-15 Walnut St. T-3,Philadlphia, PA 19104

1 Mr Avrot BarrDepartment of Computer ScienceStanford,Univeraity-

Stanford,' CA 94305

1 CDR Robert J. Biersner. program Manager

Hunan Performance.Navy Medical R&D CommandBethesda, MD 20014

1 Liaison ScientistsOffice of Naval Research,Branch Office , LondonBox 39 FPO New York 09510

1 Dr. Lyle BourneDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, CO 80309

1. Col Ray Bowles800 N.-Quincy St.Room 804Arlington, VA 22217

1 Dr. John S. BrownXEROX Pale Alto Research Center3333 Coyote RoadPalo-Alto, CA 94304

Dr. Bruce BuchananDepartment of Computer ScienceStanford University f

,.Stanford, CA 0305

1 -DR. C. VICTOR BUNDERSONWICAT INC.UNIVERSITY PLAZA, SUITE 101160 SO. STATE ST.OREM, UT 84057

Dr. Pat CarpenterDepartment of PsychologyCarnegieMellon UniversityPittsburgh, PA 15213

'1

Dr. John 8.CarrollPsychometric Lab

DavioAall 013kjChapel '27514

Non Govt

1 Charles Myers LibraryLivingstone HouseLivingstone RoadStratfordLondon E15 2LJENGLAND

1 Dr. William ChaseDepartment of PaychollogyCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, PA 15213

1 Dr. Micheline ChiLearning RA. D CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh3939 O'Hara StreetPittsburgh, PA 15213

Dr. Francois G. ChristenPerceptronics6271 Variel AvenueWoodland Hills, CA 91367

1 Dr. William ClanceyDepartment of ComputerStanford UniversityStanford, CA 94305

Science

Dr. Allyn M. CollinsBolt Beranek & Newnan, Inc.50 Moulton StreetCambridge, Ma 02138

1 Dr. Lynn A. CooperLRDCUniversity of Pittsburgh3939 O'Hara StreetPittsburgh, PA 15213

Dr. Meredith P. CrawfordAmerican Psychological Association1200 17th Street, N.W.Washington,'DC 20036

1 Dr. Kenneth B.' CrossAnacapa Scienceo,,Inc.P.O. Drawer QSanta Barbara, CA 93102

1 Dr. Hubert DreyfusDepartment of PhilosophyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkely, CA 94720

,LCOL J. C. Eggenberger,DIRECTORATE OF PERSONNEL APPLIED RESEARC

NATIONAL DEFENCE HQ101 COLONEL BY DRIVEOTTAWA, CANADA K1A OK2

.0 ERIC Facility acquisitions4833 Rugby Avenue.Bethesda, MD 20014 :

cornell/glock May 27, 1981

Non Govt

1 Dr. EdFeigenbamDepartment of Coatputar ScienceStanford UniversityStanford, CA 94305

1 Dr. Richard L. FergusonThe American' College Testing ProgramP.O. Box 168Iowa City, IA 52240

1 Mr. Wallace FeurzeigBolt Beranek & Newnan, inc.50 Moulton St.Cambridge, MA 02138

Dr. John R. FrederikeenBolt Beranek & Newman50 Moulton StreetCambridge, MA 02138

Dr. Alinda FriedmanDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton, AlbertaCANADA T6G 2E9

1 DR. ROBERT GLASERLRDCUNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH3939 O'HARA STREETPITTSBURGH, PA 15213

Dr. Daniel' GopherIndustrial & Management EngineeringTechnionIsrael Institute of TechnologyHaifaISRAEL'

1 DR. JAMES G. GREENOLRDC

UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH3939 O'HARA STREETPITTSBURGH, PA 15213

1 Dr. Harold, HawkinsDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of OregonEugene OR 971103

Dr. James R. HoffmanDepartMent of PsychologyUniversity of DelawareNewark, DE 19711

Dr. ICristiny. HooperClark Kerr allUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Cruz, CA 95060

Non Gavt

1 Glenda Greenwald, Ed."Human Intelligence Newsletter"P. 0."9:ix 1-163Birmingham; MI 48012

1 Dr. Earl HuntDept. of PsychologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WA 98105

1 Dr. Greg KearsleyHumRHO

300 N. Washington StreetAlexandria, VA 22314

1 Dr. Steven W. KeeleDept. of PsychologyUniversity of OregonEugene, OR 97403

Dr. Walter KintschDepartment, of PsychologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, CO 80302

1 Dr. David KierasDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of Arizona'flacon, AZ 85721/

1 Dr. Kenneth A./Klivington

Program OfficerAlfred- P. Sloan Foundation630 Fifth AvenueNew York, NY 10111

Dr. Stephen KosslynHarvard UniversityDepartment of Psychology

Cambridge', MA 021

33 Kirkland' Street

1 Mr. Marlin .Kroge!,1117 Via GoletaPalos Verdes Estates, CA 90274

Dr. Jill LarkinDepartment of PsychologyCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh; PA 15213

1 Dr. Alan LesgoldLearning R&D CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA 15260

f Dr. Michael LevineDepartment of Educational Psychology210 Education Bldg.University of LllinoiaChampaign, IL 61801

1

1 Dr. Charles LewisFaculteit Sociale Wetens happenRijkstOude'Boteringestraat

23ativereiteit Cron/ en'

971ZC Groningen'L44Natherlanda,e,,,, t' -N ',i' : ; ,,,'; ' r

corriell /glock May 27, 1981

Non Govt

1 Dr. Erik McWilliams

Science Education Dev. and ResearchNational Science FoundationWashington, DC 20550

1' Dr, Mark MillerTI Computer Science LabC/O 2824 Winterplace CirclePlano, TX 75075

1 Dr. Allen MunroBehavioral Technology Laboratories1845 Elena Ave., Fourth. FloorRedondo Beach, CA 90277

1 Dr. Donald A NormanDept. of Psychology C-009Univ. of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, CA 92093

1 Dr. Jesse OrlanskyInstitute for Defense Analyses400 Army Navy DriveArlington, V,1 22202

1 Dr. Seymour A. PapertMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyArtificial Intelligence Lab545 Technology SquareCambridge, MA 02139

1 Dr. James A. PaulsonPortland State. University

,. P.O. Box 751Portland, OR 97207

1 Dr. James W. PellegrinoUniversity of California,Santa Barbara ."

Dept. of PsychologySanta Barabara, CA 93106

1 MR. LUIGI PETRULLO2431 N. EDGEWOOD.STREETARLINGTON, VA 22207

1 Dr. Martha Poison

Department of PsychologyCampus Box 346University of ColoradoBoulder, CO 80309

DR. PETER POLSONDEPT. CF PSYCHOLOGY-

UNIVERSITY OF COLORADOBOULDER, CO. 80309

1 Dr..Steven,S. PoltrockDepartment of Psychology.University of DenverDenver;CO 80208

MINRAT M. L. RAUCHP II 4

BUNDESM/NISTERIUM DER VERTEIDIGUNGPOSTFACH 13280.63 BONN 1, GERMANY

Non Govt

1 Dr. Fred Reif .

SESAMEc/o Physics DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkely, CA 94720

1. Dr. Andrew M. RoseAmerican Institutes for Research1055 Thomas Jefferson St. NWWashington, DC 20007

1 Dr, Ernst Z. RothkopfBell Laboratories600 Mountain AvenueMurray Hill, NJ 07974

1 Dr, David RumelhartCenterfor Human Information ProcessingUniv. of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, CA 92093

1 DR. WALTER SCHNEIDERDEPT. OF PSYCHOLOGYUNIVERSITY OF ILLINOISCHAMPAIGN, IL 61820

1 Dr. Alan SchoenfeldDepartment of MathematicsHamilton CollegeClinton, NY 13323

1 DR. ROBERT J. SEIDELINSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY CROUP.

HUMRRO300 N. WASHINGTON ST.ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314

Committee on Cognitive Research% Dr. Lonnie R. SherrodSocial Science Research ,Council605 Third AvenueNew York, NY 10016

1 Robert S. SieglerAssociate ProfessorCarnegie-Mellon'UniversityDepartment of PsychologySchenley ParkPittsburgh, PA 15213

1 Dr. Edward E. SmithBolt Beranek & Newman, Inc.50 Moulton StreetCambridge, MA 02138

1 Dr. Robert SmithDepartment of Computer ScienceRutgers University.New Brunswick, NJ 08903

1- Dr. Richard SnowSchool of EducationStanford UniversityStanford; CA 94305

Dr. Robert SternbergDept. of PsychologyYale University

Box-:01A,yaleStation-NeW-Haven CI -,052p

cornell/g1ock May 27, 1981

Non' Govt

DR. ALBERT STEVENSBOLT BERANEK & NEWMAN, INC.

50 MOULTON,STREETCAMBRIDGE. MA 02138

1 ,David E. Stone, Ph.D.Hazeltine Corporation

7680 Old Springhouse RoadMcLean, VA 22102

1 DR. PATRICK SUPPESINSTITUTE FOR MATHEMATICAL STUDIES IN

THE SOCIAL SCIENCESSTANFORD UNIVERSITYSTANFORD, CA 94305

1 Dr. Kikumi Tatsuoka,Computer Based Education Research

Laboratory .

252 Engineering Research Laboratory

University of IllinoisUrbana, EL 61801

1 Dr. Douglas TowneUniv. of So. CaliforniaBehavioral Technology Labs1845 S. Elena Ave.

..:-41edondo Beach. CA 90277

Dr. UhlanerPerceotrOnics. Inc.6271 Variel AvenueWoodland Hills, CA 91364 ':

Dr. Phyllis WeaverGrad ite School of EducationHar and rO University

29 Larsen HalI, Appian Way

/412

bridge, MA 02138

1

1 Dr. David J. WeissN660 Elliott HallUniversity of Minnesota75 E. River RoadMinneapolis, MN 55455

1 DR. GERSHON WELTMANPERCEPTRON/CS INC.6271 VARIEL AVE.WOODLAND HILLS, CA 91367

1 Dr. Keith. T. WesCourt.Information Sciences Dept.The Rand Corporation1700 Main St.