An Overview on Power system

of VSP : DNW

departmentBy Moses

About Visakhapatnam

Steel Plant• Rahtriya lspat Nigam limited is a corporate entity of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant

• Sri Tenneti Viswanatham garu in 1966 demanded for an integrated steel plant in Visakhapatnam

• Site selection committee approved it in june 1970

• On 20th January 1971 foundation stone was laid by our Prime Minister Late Mrs. Indira Gandhi

• The first block of land was taken over on 7th April’74

• The blast furnace foundation was laid with 1st mass concreting in the project in Jan 82

• A new company Rashtriya lspat Nigam Limited (RINL) was formed on 18th Feb. 1982.

• VSP was separated from SAIL and made a corporate entity of RINL in April‘82

• A professionally organized steel plant, VSP has been the recipient of the ISO 9001, ISO 18001, and the ISO 14000 certifications

• ISO 9001 for Quality Management, ISO 180001 for Occupational Health and Safety Management system and ISO 14000 for Environment management

Power Generation as on June 2011

• Total Installed Capacity  176,990.40 MW• Thermal Generation :- 115649.5 MW 

(65.34 %)– Coal based Thermal Power - 96,743 MW 

(54.7%)– Gas based Thermal Power - 17,706 MW 

(10.0%)– Oil based Thermal Power:- 1,199.7

MW (0.67%)• Hydro Generation :- 37,367 MW (21.5 %)• Renewable Energy :- 18,454 MW (10.4 %)

(Wind power 12009 MW, Solar Power etc.)• Nuclear Generation :- (2.7 %)

Power Consumption

• Installed Generation Capacity :- 181.558 GW (as on August 2011)

• Energy shortage up to 8 to 9 %• Annual energy production

– 190 billion kWh in 1986 to– More than 837 billion kWh in

2010.The overall electrification rate

64.5% while 35.5% of the population still live without access to electricity.

Power Growth• Expected to add up to 113 GW of

installed capacity by 2017. • Renewable capacity may increase

from 15.5 GW to 36.0 GW. • Private sector, major capacity

additions –  Reliance Power (35 GW),–  Adani Power (20 GW),–  Lanco Power (15 GW),–  ESSAR Energy (12 GW) etc.

POWER REQUIREMENT• Average

Load : 240 MW / 266

MVA•Peak Load :

275 MW / 305 MVA

SOURCES OF POWER

• CAPTIVE POWER PLANT

• STATE ELECTRICITY GRID

• DIESEL GENERATORS

VISAKHAPATNAM STEEL VISAKHAPATNAM STEEL PLANTPLANT

CAPTIVE POWER GENERATION:• Thermal Power :

3x60 + 1x67.5MW• Backpressure

Turbine Gen: 2x7.5MW

• Gas Expn. Turbine Gen.: 2x12 MW

• Total Gen. Capacity: 286.5 MW

OBJECTIVE OF DNW

•TO ENSURE RELIABLE & QUALITY POWER TO PLANT & TOWNSHIP

TO ACHIEVE THIS WE DNW:

• OPERATE, INSPECT & MAINTAIN EHT & HT EQUIPMENT OF MRS, LBSS1, LBSS2, LBSS3, LBSS 4 & CPRS,

• MAINTAIN ALL HT POWER DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT OF OTHER SUB STATIONS,

• CO-ORDINATE WITH AP TRANSCO / EPDCL.

• MONITOR SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF MAJOR SHOPS

• ANALYSE THE BREAKDOWNS AND TAKE NECESSARY CORRECTIVE & PREVENTIVE STEPS TO AVOID RECURRENCE,

POWEPOWER R

REQUIREQUIRMENRMEN

TT OF OF

INDIVIINDIVIDUAL DUAL SHOPSHOP

SS

SHOP Average Demand (MW)

RMHP 2.5

COKE OVENS & COAL CHEMICAL PLANT 22.5

SINTER PLANT 31.5

BLAST FURNACE 24.0

STEEL MELT SHOP & CONT. CASTING M/C

13.6

LIGHT MEDIUM MERCHANT MILL 12.0

WIRE ROD MILL 14.8

MEDIUM MERCHANT STRUCTURAL MILL 11.0

THERMAL POWER PLANT 35.5

AIR SEPARATION PLANT 42.0

CRMP 3.2

COMPRESSOR STATION & CWP 10.5

ENGG. SHOPS 1.0

WATER SUPPLY 1.5

TRAFFIC & OTHERS 3.0

TOWNSHIP 5.0

CONSTRUCTION & EXPANSION 5.5

TOTAL 240.0

220 KV TRANSMISSION

LINES

DISTRIBUTION OF POWER IN VSP

EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGEEXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE

220 kV AC220 kV AC TRANSMISSION LINES TRANSMISSION LINES

HIGH VOLTAGEHIGH VOLTAGE

33 kV AC33 kV AC TOWNSHIP FEEDERSTOWNSHIP FEEDERS

11 kV AC11 kV AC 21 No LBDS’S, HVLC, HVMCC21 No LBDS’S, HVLC, HVMCC

6.6 kV AC6.6 kV AC 7 No LBDS’S, HVLC, HVMCC7 No LBDS’S, HVLC, HVMCC

MEDIUM VOLTAGE ( BELOW 650 V )MEDIUM VOLTAGE ( BELOW 650 V )

415 V AC415 V AC 200 LCSS200 LCSS

240 V AC240 V AC CONTROL & LIGHTING SUPPLYCONTROL & LIGHTING SUPPLY

220 V DC220 V DC CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATIONCONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION

± 24 V DC± 24 V DC CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATIONCONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION

POWER DISTRIBUTION BLOCK DIAGRAMCONNECTED TO VSPSS OF AP TRANSCO GRID FOR IMPORT / EXPORT (SALE) OF

POWER

MAIN RECEIVING STATION (MRS)220KV

LBSS - 3 LBSS - 4 LBSS - 2TOWNSHIP

FEEDER (CPRS)

LBSS - 5

TPP

LBSS - 1RMHP, COCCP, SP,BF,PUMP HOUSE, AUX. AREAS

TPP AUXILIARIES, BF, COCCP, SMS, MILLS, PUMP HOUSES

MMSM LMMM, WRM, ENGG. SHOPS

SMS, BF(AUX.), CRMP, ASP

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AP-TRANSCO GRID

220 KV TRANSMISSION LINES IN VSPMRS

LBSS 3

LBSS 4

LBSS 2

LBSS 1

LBSS 5

8.3

KM

1.6

K

M

2.1

KM

3.4

KM

1.1 KM

70 MW

50 MW

10 MW

50 MW

70 MW

LOAD BLOCK AND STEPDOWN SUB-STATIONS

STATION DESIGNATION AREAS COVERED

LBSS1 (220/11/6.6 kV) RMHP, CO & CCP, Sinter Plant, BF

LBSS2 (220/11/6.6 kV) (220/33 kV)

BF, SMS, ASP, CRMP, Comp. House-1Ladle furnace in SMS

LBSS3 (220/11/11 kV) Medium Merchant Structural Mill

LBSS4 (220/11/11 kV)LMMM, WRM, Aux. Shops, Adm. Building and

Kanithi reservoir pump house.

LBSS5 (220/11&220/11/11kV)

TPP, Plant essential category loads, KBR & Township pump houses & hospital.

MRS (220/33 kV) Plant, Township and construction network.

Substations in VSP

• LBSS – 220kV• LBDS – 11kV & 6.6kV• HVLC – 6.6kV• LCSS – 415V• MCCs – 415V• PDBs – 415 & 240V• LDBs – 240V

LOAD DISTRIBUTION BLOCK DIAGRAMMRS

220 KV

LOAD BLOCK STEPDOWN SUBSTATION(LBSS)

11 / 6.6 KV FEEDERS FROM LBSS TO SHOPS

LOAD BLOCK DISTRIBUTION

SUB-STATION (LBDS)

HIGH VOLTAGE LOAD CENTRE (HVLC)

HIGH VOLTAGE MOTOR CONTROL CENTRE (HVMCC)

LOAD CENTRE STEP-DOWN SUB-STATION (LCSS)

MAJOR EQUIPMENT IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

33/11/6.6 KV TRANSFORMERS : 594 NO.S220KV TRANSFORMERS : 20 NO.SSWITCH BOARDS : 62 NO.S CIRCUIT BREAKERS : 1432 NO’S ISOLATORS : 511 NO’S BUSDUCTS : 376 NO’S PROTECTIVE RELAYS : 4099 NO’S CABLE NET WORK : 750 KM 220 KV OVERHEAD : 41 KM.

TRANSMISSION LINES 220KV TOWERS : 100 NO.S

ESSENTIAL CATEGORY-1 LOADS• EXHAUSTERS IN CO & CCCP• COOLING WATER PUMP HOUSES & OTHER LOADS OF BLAST FURNACE

STEEL MELT SHOPROLLING MILLSINTAKE PUMP HOUSEKANITHI BALANCING RESERVOIR PUMP HOUSETPP AUXILIARIESTOWNSHIP PUMP HOUSE HOSPITAL

EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY SOURCES• TPP GENERATOR 11 kV SWITCH BOARD

( Through Cables )• 11 kV SUB STATION IN THAT AREA

TOTAL LOAD 75 MW (Approx)

FREQUENCY BASED ISOLATION OF TPP

TO SAFEGUARD PLANT FROM GRID DISTURBANCES

STAGES OF ISOLATION

STAGE ISOLATION AT FREQUENCY SETTING

df / dt 220 kV 50 Hz , 2 Cycles / sec fall

for 66 mSec Over Frequency 220 kV 51.5 Hz for 0.15 Sec

STAGE-1 220 kV 47.5 Hz for 0.5 Sec

STAGE-2 11 kV 46.9 Hz for 1.0 Sec

STAGE-3 Selected Loads 46.0 Hz for 0.15 Sec From GSB-1

CAPTIVE GENERATION in MW

IMPORT in MW

RMD in MVA

ENERGY IMPORT in MVAH

220 KV Switch Yard at MRS

220 KV ISOLATOR

220 KV CT & PT at LBSS

Voltage Transformers

• Voltage (potential) transformers are used to isolate and step down and accurately reproduce the scaled voltage for the protective device or relay

• VT ratios are typically expressed as primary to secondary; 14400:120, 7200:120

• A 4160:120 VT has a “VTR” of 34.66

VVPP

VVSS

Relay

Current Transformers

• Current transformers are used to step primary system currents to values usable by relays, meters, SCADA, transducers, etc.

• CT ratios are expressed as primary to secondary; 2000:5, 1200:5, 600:5, 300:5

• A 2000:5 CT has a “CTR” of 400

Switchgear Examples

Basic Circuit Breaker• All Switchgear has a metal

enclosure• Metalclad construction

requires 11 gauge steel between sections and main compartments

• Prevents contact with live circuits and propagation of ionized gases in the unlikely event of an internal fault.

• Enclosures are also rated as weather-tight for outdoor use

• Metalclad gear will include shutters to ensure that powered buses are covered at all times, even when a circuit breaker is removed.

Air Magnetic Breakers

SF6 and Vacuum Breakers

220 KV SF6 CB At MRS / LBSS5

Control Panels of a LBSS11 KV – 220 KV -- 6.6 KV

220 KV MOCBAt LBSS 1 /LBSS 2 / LBSS 3 / LBSS 4

220 KV class Transformer at LBSS

Fault Types (Shunt)

Short Circuit Calculation

Fault Types – Single Phase to Ground

X

X

Z

Z

Z

GBC

A

Short Circuit Calculations

Fault Types – Line to Line

X

X

Z

Z

Z

GBC

A

Short Circuit Calculations

Fault Types – Three Phase

Z

Z

Z

GBC

AX

X

X

Transformer Protection

• Overcurrent ProtectionUses current to determine magnitude of fault

• Differential ProtectionWorks on current in equal to current out principle

• Voltage ProtectionUses voltage to infer fault or abnormal condition

• Frequency ProtectionUses frequency of voltage to detect power balance condition

• Power ProtectionUses voltage and current to determine power flow magnitude and direction

• Distance (Impedance) ProtectionUses voltage and current to determine impedance of fault

Protection Zones 1. Generator or Generator-Transformer Units

2. Transformers

3. Buses

4. Lines (transmission and distribution)

5. Utilization equipment (motors, static loads, etc.)

6. Capacitor or reactor (when separately protected)

What Info is Required to Apply

Protection1. One-line diagram of the system or area involved

2. Impedances and connections of power equipment, system frequency, voltage level and phase sequence

3. Existing schemes

4. Operating procedures and practices affecting protection

5. Importance of protection required and maximum allowed clearance times

6. System fault studies

7. Maximum load and system swing limits

8. CTs and VTs locations, connections and ratios

9. Future expansion expectance

10. Any special considerations for application.

Financial Results (approx)           (Rs Cr) Oct'11 Nov'11 up to Nov'11C..P.L.Y

Gross sales 1170.03 1031.73 8418.17 6320.47

Net sales 1027.36 907.24 7429.4 5544.79Total Income  1054.51 935.27 7649.97 5844.94

Total Expenditure 914.27 833.2 6815.34 5244.76

Gross Margin 140.24 102.07 834.63 600.18

P.B.T 89.52 61.76 480.64 305.74

P.A.T 60.33 41.33 322.76 192.65

Future Power system of VSP View of 220 kV Outdoor GIS