DNA Structure and Function

Written Response #6

Written Response #6

Structure

• Written Response #7: Draw and label a nucleotide. • DNA is a nucleic acid made of repeating subunits called

nucleotides

• Each nucleotide contains 3 parts:1. 5-carbon sugar

• A simple sugar (Deoxyribose)

2. Phosphate group

3. Nitrogen base• Includes 4 different types:

Nitrogenous Bases

• Single Ringed Bases (Pyrimidine):• Thymine (T)

• Cytosine (C)

• Double Ringed Bases (Purine):• Adenine (A)

• Guanine (G)

Structure

• Nucleotides are linked together to form DNA molecules

• Twist in double helix joined by weak hydrogen bonds

• Sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate compose the backbone of the ladder

• Nitrogen base pairs compose the steps of the ladder• Adenine pairs with Thymine

• Guanine pairs with Cytosine

Structure

• DNA goes through 3 very important processes to code for traits in all cells

1. DNA replication

2. Transcription

3. Translation

Written Response #8

1. How is DNA connected to your traits?

2. What large structure is composed of DNA?

3. What two parts of the nucleotide make up the sides (backbones) of a DNA molecule?

4. What makes up one rung “step” of the DNA “ladder”?

5. What type of bond holds the rungs (bases) together?

Functions of DNA Foldable

1. Work with your table partner to create a 6-fold foldable like the image to the right.

2. Cut the foldable in half to share with your table partner.

3. Label each fold with the following headers:• Functions of DNA Foldable• Nucleotide• DNA• Genes• Chromosomes • Karyotype

4. For each of the terms above, underneath the flap, complete the following: 1. Draw a picture to represent the term2. Give a description of the item3. Its purpose.

Function

• Nucleotide• Description: Repeating

subunits that compose DNA or RNA; made of a 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base and a phosphate group.

• Purpose: Compose DNA, the sequence of bases determines genetic code of an individual

Function

• DNA• Description:

Deoxyribonucleic acid, double stranded with bases (A, T, G, C); contains all the necessary information for life

• Purpose: Compose genes, provide info for protein synthesis

Function

• Genes• Description: Segments of DNA that code for a specific

trait; located on a chromosome

• Purpose: Compose chromosomes, code for traits

Function

• Chromosome• Description: Packages of

genetic material; every normal human has 46

• Purpose: Each contains specific genes, 23 pairs (one from each parent per pair

Function

• Karyotype• Description: A picture of

the chromosomes in an individual’s body in order of their homologous pairs (23 pairs in human body cells)

• Purpose: Display gender of chromosomal abnormalities