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1. The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane) surrounding every cell is composed primarily of ______.DNAProtein CarbohydratesPhospholipids

1A phospholipid molecule: composed of a phosphate group and two fatty acid tails.

2. The phospholipids in the cell membrane are arranged in a bilayer (double layer). How are the phospholipid molecules arranged in this bilayer?The nonpolar (hydrophobic) ends of the molecules faces inwardsThe polar (hydrophilic) ends of the molecules faces inwardsThe fatty acid tails of the molecules faces inwardBoth A and CBoth B and CThe hydrophilic phosphate groups facing outwards helps the cell interact with the watery environment on both sides of the membrane.The hydrophobic fatty acid tails in the interior of the membrane help create a barrier for many molecules to allow control of movement.

3. Channels through the phospholipid membrane are formed byProteinsDNACelluloseCholesterol

4. The term permeability meansThe ability of a substance to bend The ability of a substance to allow gases or liquids to pass throughThe ability of a substance to dissolveThe ability of a substance to exist for a long time with out deteriorating.

Permeable surfaceImpermeable surface(not permeable)5. In diffusion, molecules move from _________________ concentration in a process that __________________ additional energy.

high to low; requireshigh to low: does NOT requirelow to high; requireslow to high; does NOT require

Additional energy is not required, because diffusion occurs due to the random motion of the molecules.

6. A hypotonic solution is one that contains a higher concentration of solutes (dissolved particles) contains an equal concentration of solutes contains a lower concentration of solutes. is at a higher temperature is at a lower temperaturePrefix reminders:

Hypo = belowHypothermia is to have a body temperature below normal.

Hyper= aboveHyperactive is to have high energy.

Iso= equalAn isoceles triangle has two equal sides.

7. If a cell with a 0.7 %sucrose concentration inside is placed in a solution that has a 0.5% sucrose concentration, the process of osmosis will occur. In this case, sucrose will move into the cellsucrose will move out of the cellthe cell will expand due to water gainthe cell will shrink due to water lossboth A and Cboth B and DO.5% sucrose0.7 % sucroseSucrose is too large to move through the selectively membrane.(Osmosis is occurring is a hint to this since it means the movement of water.)

Remember that while the solutions are described in terms of the solute concentration it is the water that moves.

The solution that has a lower solute concentration, has a higher water concentration.Water will move from the hypotonic (low solute / higher water) towards the hypertonic (higher solute /lower water)

0.7 %sucrose(99.7% water)0.5% sucrose(99.5% water)The shell-less egg in fresh water (hypotonic) gained mass (water).

WaterCorn Syrup15

Paramecium living in fresh water ponds has to constantly pump out the water that flows into the cell.8. If a cell with a 0.9% salt concentration inside is placed in a 1% salt solution, osmosis occurs. Which of the following will happen the cell will shrink due to water loss salt will move out of the cell the cell will expand due to water gain salt will move out of the cell both A and Dboth B and C

1% salt0.9 % saltSalt is an ionic compound that can not move through the nonpolar barrier of the phospholipid membrane (without specialized channels).In osmosis, water will move in the direction of the higher SOLUTE (lower water) concentration. Thus hypertonic solutions, such as one high in salt, causes cells to lose water. Drinking salt water will dehydrate our cells Plants will wilt in a hypertonic solution.

9. Which kind(s) of solution outside of a cell could cause it to swell and potentially lyse (burst open)? a hypertonic solution a hypotonic solution an isotonic solution both A and C both B and C

10. A saline (salt) solution is used for fluid infusions into the blood stream. This solution needs to be ____ with blood cells. hypotonic hypertonic isotonic

11. In an isotonic solution the cell swells the cell shrinks there is NO movement of water in or out of the cell an equal amount of water moves into the cell as moves out

12. When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, there is no NET movement of water there is a dynamic equilibrium there is a static equilibrium both A and B both A and CNet change = Inputs- Outputs. No net change when inputs and outs are balanced.

Dynamic equilibrium= an equilibrium (balance) is when there is motion but the inputs equal the outputs.13. When a substance is secreted from a cell in a process in which a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane to release the substance to the outside, it is called

endocytosisexocytosisosmosishalitosis

14. O2 is a small, nonpolar molecule. If it is present outside the cell in high concentration it can enter the cell by Diffusion through the membranePassive transportActive transportA and BA and C

15. Glucose is a larger polar molecule. If it is present outside of the cell in high concentration, it can enter the cell byFacilitated diffusion Passive transportActive transportA and BA and C

16. An amino acid (a large polar molecule) is present outside the cell in low concentration. It can be brought into the cell byFacilitated diffusion through specialized channelsPassive transportActive transportA and BA and CIn facilitated diffusion, a channel allows the substance to move through the membrane. But no energy is provided, so it is a type of passive transport and it can only move the substance from high concentration to low concentration.Active transport is required to move from low to high concentration.

High to low onlyDoes not require energyCan move from low to highRequires energy (ATP)

17. When a white blood cell engulfs a bacterium, the process of _________ has occurred.EndocytosisExocytosisOsmosisDialysis

18. What will happen for the following set-up in which two different liquids are separated by a selectively-permeable membrane. The dots represent solute particles that can not move through the membrane.Water will move to the rightWater will move to the leftThe system will remain in equilibrium

(lower concentration of water)DDABBCCABCDDBDDCAA