Distillation

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This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Method of separation and purification of rainwater

It is also based on two changes of state ’’evaporation” and “condensation’’ ; to have the purification of a liquid.

Distillation is a process used to separate homogeneous mixtures on the basis of different volatility of components.

CondensationEvaporation

APPARATUS

Condenser

BUNSEN

Distillation flask

Thermometers

BECKER

Rubber Hoses

Supports

Rainwater, after qualitative analysis, passes through the distiller in order to be depured, becoming distilled water.

The aim of this experience is the production of distilled water by using method of distillation carried out in chemistry laboratory

PROCEDURE•Put the water to be purified into a distillation flask, making sure that the level doesn't exceed half of the container. It is better to add two water pieces of glass to regolate boiling.

•Before lightening the Bunsen flame, close the flask with a stopper where is inserted the thermometer. The bulb of the thermometer is situated at the height of the flask tail linked with a refrigerant to measure the temperature of the steam that pass trought the refrigerant where it condenses.

•When water boils the thermometer marks the 100 degrees temperature. Then the steams condense passes into the cooling and picks up into the becker . When the thermometer starts to rise, overcoming the 100 degrees temperature, water passes trought the distiller and all the mineral salts, previosly contained into the water, move to the flask.

•Put off the distiller and verify the distillate.

Final analysis

In order to verify the distillation, in a sample of distilled water, we require all the analysis previously presented.

Distilled water obtained from distillation was analysed :

• The pH results be 6 / 7 •There aren’t presented salts•Water doesn’t conduct anymore

Uses of the Distilled water

In all the chemical and pharmaceutical treatments

· For the preparation of medicines

· To clean wounds

In the modern cosmetic

· Foundation cream· Facial creams

· Manicure· Make up & others

In laboratory to prepare solutions

In medical field for the injections and the administration of drugs for parenteral

To produce the so-called "physiological solution“

water should be distilled and sterile (No living organisms) Sterility is often obtained by exposure of the distilled water to a source of ultraviolet light.

Distilled water must be isolated as much as possible from the outside environment. If water is exposed to the air, it quickly dissolves the existent carbon dioxide and  the pH becames 5-6. Moreover, being a substance extremely eager for ions, it should be stored in plastic containers   (such as polyethylene, polypropylene, Teflon), or in the absence of quartz, we can use the glass.

Preservation of the Distilled water