Eliminate physical clutter. More importantly, eliminate spiritual clutter. ~D.H. Mondfleur.
Disposal Chapter - King County, Washington...Goal: Achieve Zero Waste of Resources –to eliminate...
Transcript of Disposal Chapter - King County, Washington...Goal: Achieve Zero Waste of Resources –to eliminate...
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Disposal ChapterApril 2017
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Policies Are Labeled by Chapter and Number
• Labeling consistent with
committee survey
results included in
November 2016
meeting
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Chapter
Policy
Number
D-1
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Policy Legend
3
WPR TWaste Prevention
& Recycling
P Planning
CP Collection &
ProcessingF
D Disposal
Transfer
Finance
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Goals vs. Policies vs. Actions
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PolicyPolicies provide broad
direction and
authorization for
services and system
priorities. Policies
should not change
through the life of the
Comp Plan.
ActionActions are targeted,
specific, and time-based
to implement policies and
could include: programs,
studies, infrastructure
improvements, and
regulations. Actions may
be updated to adapt to
changing conditions.
GoalGoals reflect the long-
term outcomes and
aspirations for the
regional system. Goals
should not change
through the life of the
Comp Plan.
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Comp Plan Progress
Chapter Policies Status
Planning P1 – P4 Committees in
agreement
Waste Prevention and
Recycling
WPR1, WPR3 –
WPR5
Committees in
agreement
Collection and Processing C1 – C2, new C3In discussion; follow-up
scheduled June 2017
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Update on WPR Chapter
Changes to WPR goal and policy agreed to by committees:
Goal: Achieve Zero Waste of Resources – to eliminate the disposal of materials with economic value – by 2030, with an interim goal of 70% recycling, through a combination of efforts in the following order of priority: waste prevention and reuse; product stewardship, recycling, and composting; beneficial reuse.
Enhance, develop, and implement waste prevention and recycling programs that will increase waste diversion from disposal using: infrastructure, education & promotion, incentives, mandates and enforcement.
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WPR 2
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Agenda for Today
• Review draft policy for Cedar Hills Landfill
• Present factors affecting landfill capacity
• Discuss long-term disposal alternatives
• Present evaluation of alternatives
• Initial findings and discussion
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Maximize the capacity
and lifespan of the Cedar Hills
Regional Landfill, subject to
environmental constraints,
relative costs to operate, and
stakeholder interests.
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D2
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Key Topics for Today
• What does “maximize capacity and lifespan of Cedar Hills” look like?
• What local factors impact the long-term disposal options for King County?
• What factors should be considered (and when) to choose a post-Cedar Hills waste solution?
– Should a policy be developed describing how the next choice will be made?
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1960 1970 1980
1990 2000 2015
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Landfill Capacity is a Moving Target
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200
400
600
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1,000
1,200
An
nu
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nd
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d T
on
s (
00
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)
Landfilled Tons (in thousands)
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Cedar Hills Projected to Reach Capacity by 2028
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837 839 862900 932 964 993 1,021 1,047 1,067 1,088
0
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6,000
8,000
10,000
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200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Re
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acit
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n 0
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La
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Landfilled Tons Remaining Capacity
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Other Factors that Affect Landfill Capacity
Factor
Projected
Date of
Closure
Solid waste system achieves 70% recycling rate by 2030 End of 2028
Waste generation rates increases 5% above forecast Mid 2027
Waste generation rates decrease 2% below forecast Early 2028
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Visioning Exercise Ideas for Disposal Options
Beyond 2028
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All Garbage is Local
Tampa (FL)
• 315,000 disposed tons per year
• City owns and contracts operation of a
mass burn WTE facility, built 1985
• Energy from WTE facilities considered
renewable in Florida; utilities required to
buy power
• Electricity sale price is $59 to $62 per
MWh
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McKay Bay Refuse-to-Energy Facility
Tampa, Florida
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All Garbage is Local
San Antonio, TX
• 3 million disposed tons in 2015*
• City has three long-term disposal contracts with two local landfills and one out-of-county landfill
• $23 per ton disposal fee
• Evaluated alternative disposal options in 2012
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* Source: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (data for San Antonio region – Alamo Area Council of Governments)
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All Garbage is Local
Spokane (WA)
• Up to 280,000 disposal tons per year
• Operates as a “renewable” energy
producer – can sell energy at a
premium.
• Built in 1991 for $170 million with
$60 million in state grants.
• Electricity sale price is around
$35/MWh.17
Spokane Waste-to-Energy Facility
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Long-Term Disposal Alternatives
Expand Cedar Hills Capacity
Export to Out-of-County Landfill
Waste-to-Energy
Emerging Technologies
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Expand Cedar Hills Capacity
• Capacity thru 2040
• Requires capital spending to build capacity
• Gas revenue offsets some of the cost
• >50 years of County operation experienceConstruction of Area 6
Cedar Hills Landfill, 2007
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Export to Out-of-County Landfill
• Long-term landfill
capacity available
• Adds transportation cost
• No offsetting revenue
• Transfer upgrades needed
• Rail capacity riskBNSF train carrying garbage through the Columbia Gorge
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Waste-to-Energy
• Over 75 facilities in the US
• Mass burn is most common– proven and reliable technology
• Requires significant upfront capital spending
• Sale of energy and recovered metals offsets some costs
• Residual ash and excess waste typically landfilled
Sources: King County Solid Waste Division, Energy Recovery Council, EPA Office of Resource, Conservation, and Recovery
Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility, Maryland
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Emerging Technologies
• Gasification, pyrolysis, and other waste-
to-biofuels are advancing.
• Unproven for MSW on a large scale but
SWD should monitor pilot facilities.
• Recent disposal studies have included
advanced material recovery facilities in
technology reviews; can boost recycling
rates and reduce greenhouse gas
emissions
Waste-to-biofuels facilities, Edmonton, Canada
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Discussion
• What local factors impact the long-term
disposal option for King County?
• What factors should be considered (and when)
to choose a post-Cedar Hills waste solution?
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County Staff Evaluated Three Technically
Feasible and Proven Options
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Evaluated
Technologies
Expand Cedar
Hills to 2040
Waste Export in
2028
Waste-to-Energy
in 2028
Sources &
Data
Review of recent
disposal studies
County data and
forecasts
Interviews with
industry
Areas of
Focus
Financial
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Recycling Rate
Impact
Next Step
Third party review
of results
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Expanding Cedar Hills is the Lowest Cost
Disposal Option
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$1.0 $1.1
$1.7 $1.3
$1.8
$2.4
$0.0
$0.5
$1.0
$1.5
$2.0
$2.5
$3.0
Expand Cedar Hills to
2040
Waste Export in 2028 Waste-to-Energy in
2028
Ne
t P
rese
nt
Co
st
($ in
Billio
ns)
Note: Based on a twenty year forecast, 2028 to 2048
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WTE Net Cost per Ton is Higher than Cedar Hills OptionLow NW Energy Prices Don’t Offset the Higher WTE Costs
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$0
$25
$50
$75
$100
$125
$150
Dis
po
sa
l C
ost
Pe
r To
n
Dollars per Megawatt Hour
Required
Energy Price to
Break Even
with Cedar Hills
to 2040 Option:
$155/MWh
Estimated Price
Range for Power
in Western
Washington:
$20-$60 per
MWh
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Aggressive landfill gas recovery at Cedar Hills has the greatest
impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint
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-114,073
-25,360
49,287
-150,000
-125,000
-100,000
-75,000
-50,000
-25,000
0
25,000
50,000
Expand Cedar Hills to
2040 Waste Export in 2028
Waste-to-Energy in
2028
An
nu
al E
mis
sio
ns Im
pa
ct
(MTC
O2E
)
* Sources: EPA WARM Model, 2015 King County Waste Characterization Study and Tonnage Forecast
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Waste-to-Energy Estimated to Increase
Recycling Rate by Two Percentage Points
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• No impact to recycling rate from
Cedar Hills or Waste Export options
• Waste-to-Energy captures both
ferrous and non-ferrous metals –
estimated at 50,000 tons per year
from King County’s waste stream
• Potential to increase recycling rate
two percentage points
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Discussion
Policy D2 says to maximize the capacity and lifespan of Cedar Hills subject to environmental constraints, relative costs, and stakeholder interests.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of each disposal option in terms of environmental constraints, cost, and stakeholder interests?
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Initial Findings: Expanding Cedar Hills Best
Supports Disposal, Financial, and
Environmental Goals
• Do you support this alternative?
• What additional information of the alternatives would you like to see in advance of the May 2017 committee meeting?
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Links to Related Studies and Articles
• Comparative Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis of Alternative Scenarios for Waste Treatment and/or Disposal, County of Los Angeles Department of Public Works, February 2016
http://dpw.lacounty.gov/epd/socalconversion/pdfs/CT_Comparative_GHG_Analysis_Feb_2016_Complete.pdf
• Combined Qualitative Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Analysis Of Selected Waste Scenarios, Portland Metro, March 26, 2015
http://www.oregonmetro.gov/sites/default/files/Phase%203%20Final%20Report%20March%202015.pdf
• 2007 Comparative Evaluation of Waste Export and Conversion Technologies Disposal Options
http://your.kingcounty.gov/solidwaste/about/planning/documents/Conversion_Technologies_Report.pdf
• The Passionate Fight Over Trash in King County, Seattle Weekly, by Sara Bernhard, April 5, 2017
The Passionate Fight Over Trash in King County | Seattle Weekly
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May 2017 Agenda
• Continue discussion on disposal options
• Develop committee recommendation on D2
policy
• Discuss D1 and D3 policies
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King Street Center
201 South Jackson Street, Suite 701
Seattle, WA 98104-3855
206-477-4466
711 TTY Relay
your.kingcounty.gov/solidwaste