Disciplina Sonido-Acústica
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Transcript of Disciplina Sonido-Acústica
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Chapter B
ShellPerformance
A. Basic Function:
1. Objective:
a. The construction will provide permanently enclosed spaces for all functional
areas shown in the project program. The construction will provide a physical
enclosure that keeps out weather, vandals, animals, and insects without
requiring specific action by occupants, while providing convenient movement
of occupants between interior and exterior, and natural light where feasible. The
construction will provide level floor areas, ceiling heights as appropriate for the
space and activities, and plumb (vertical) walls.
2. Enclosure Elements:
a. The elements forming usable enclosed space and separating that space from the
external environment comprise the shell and consist of the superstructure,
exterior enclosures, and roofing.
b. Superstructure: All elements that form floors and roofs and their support
structures above grade and within basements, and the elements required for their
support, insulation, fireproofing, and firestopping.
c. Exterior Enclosure: All essentially vertical elements forming the separation
between exterior and interior conditioned and unconditioned space, including
exterior skin, components supporting weather barriers, and jointing andinterfacing components; not including the interior skin unless it is an integral
part of the enclosure.
d. Roofing: All elements that form weather and thermal barriers at horizontal and
sloped roofs and decks, and roof fixtures.
3. Verification:
a. Verification is achieved by evaluation of completed projects and projects in
process of construction by Area FM personnel and licensed professionals toconfirm compliance with detailed performance criteria. Detailed verification
notes contained in this chapter are to assist area personnel in identifying
verification techniques for specific requirements.
B. Amenity and Comfort:
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c. Verification:
1) Identification of applicable thermal resistant materials, systems, and
techniques.2) Detailed listing of design criteria and analysis prepared by a licensed
mechanical engineer.
3) Product data on thermal materials and details of thermal barriers and
assemblies.
3. Ventilation of Special Spaces:a. The construction will provide outside air movement through enclosed shell
volumes, such as attics, to avoid the accumulation of excess heat and humidity.
C. Health and Safety
1. Building Egress (Exiting):
a. The construction will provide openings in the exterior shell adequate for the
safe egress of occupants when the meetinghouse is fully occupied.
b. For multistory meetinghouses, the construction will provide a minimum of two
exits from each floor that are separated by a minimum distance of one-half thelargest diagonal dimension of the building.
2. Fire Resistance:
a. The construction will provide fire resistance that provides for the life safety of
occupants, regardless of minimal or non-existent local requirements.
b. Verification:
1) Review provisions for fire resistance in the construction documents and
confirm in actual construction.
3. Accidental Injury:
a. The construction will protect pedestrians and building occupants in accordance
with the following:
1) The construction will prevent ice and snow from falling off building
elements onto pedestrians, building occupants, vehicles, and equipment.
b. Verification:
1) Review provisions for prevention of accidental injury in the construction
documents and confirm them in actual construction.
4. Glazed Areas Subject to Human Impact:
a. Safety glazing is to be provided in all glazed areas subject to human impact,
including glazed areas at grade, in doors, and in glazed panels adjacent to doors.
5 Ph sical Sec rit :
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2) Identification of materials to be used, the physical properties that
accomplish the security requirements, and details of anchorage to the
structure.3) Proven-in-use or proven-by-mock-up materials used to comply with
security requirements; construction details.
D. Structure:
1. Structural Function:
a. The structure will be designed and constructed so as to prevent injury to
occupants due to loading of a structural element or system, consistent with thedesign performance levels in requirement c below.
b. The structure will be designed and constructed to prevent loss of property and
amenity, consistent with the design performance levels in requirement c below.
c. Design Performance Levels: The structure will be designed for the following
maximum levels of damage for the specified magnitude of design events:
1) Mild impact for the small (frequent) event
2) Mild impact for the medium (less frequent) event
3) Moderate impact for the large (rare) event4) High impact for the very large (very rare) event
d. Impact Definitions:
1) Mild Impact
a) There is no structural damage and the building is safe to occupy.
b) Nonstructural systems needed for normal building use and emergency
operations are fully operational.
c) Injuries to building occupants are minimal in number and minor in
nature. There is a very low likelihood of single- or multiple-life loss.
d) Damage to building contents is minimal in extent and minor in cost.
2) Moderate Impact
a) There is moderate structural damage, which is repairable; some delay
in reoccupancy can be expected.
b) Nonstructural systems needed for normal building use are fully
operational, although some cleanup and repair may be needed.
Emergency systems remain fully operational.c) Injuries to building occupants may be locally significant, but generally
moderate in number and nature. There is a low likelihood of single-
life loss and a very low likelihood of multiple-life loss.
d) Damage to building contents may be locally significant, but generally
moderate in extent and cost.
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c) Injuries to building occupants may be locally significant with a high
risk to life, but are generally moderate in number and nature. There is
a moderate likelihood of single-life loss, with a low probability ofmultiple-life loss.
d) Damage to building contents may be locally total and generally
significant.
2. Structural Performance:
a. The structure, or portions thereof, will remain stable and not collapse during
construction or alteration and throughout its life.
b. The structure will be designed to sustain local damage. The structural system asa whole will remain stable and not be damaged to an extent disproportionate to
the original local damage.
c. The structure, or portions thereof, will have a low probability of causing
damage or loss of amenity through excessive deformation, vibration, or
degradation during construction or alteration and throughout its life.
d. The structure, or portions thereof, will be designed and constructed taking into
account all expected loads, and combination of loads, associated with the
event(s) magnitude(s) that would affect their performance, but not limited to:
1) Dead loads
2) Live loads
3) Impact loads
4) Explosion loads
5) Soil and hydrostatic pressure loads
6) Flood loads (mean return period)
a) Small: 20 years b) Medium: 50 years
c) Large: 100 years
d) Very Large: 500 years
7) Wind loads (mean return period)
a) Small: 50 years
b) Medium: 75 years
c) Large: 100 years
d) Very Large: 125 years
8) Wind-borne debris loads
9) Snow loads (mean return period)
a) Small: 25 years
b) Medium: 30 years
c) Large: 50 years
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12) Ice loads, atmospheric icing (mean return period)
a) Small: 25 years
b) Medium: 50 yearsc) Large: 100 years
d) Very Large: 200 years
13) Hail loads
14) Thermal loads
e. The design of the building structure will consider appropriate factors of safety
to provide adequate performance from:
1) Effects of uncertainties resulting from construction activities.
2) Variation in the properties of materials and the characteristics of the site.
3) Accuracy limitations inherent in the methods used to predict the stability of
the building.
4) Self-straining forces arising from differential settlements of the
substructure and from restrained dimensional changes due to temperature,
moisture, shrinkage, creep, and similar effects.
f. The demolition or alteration of the building structure will be carried out in a
way that avoids the likelihood of premature collapse.g. Site work will be carried out to provide stability for construction on the site and
to avoid the likelihood of damage to adjacent property.
3. Verification:
a. Geotechnical and soils investigation report prepared by a licensed geotechnical
and soils engineer.
b. Detailed design criteria, calculations, drawings, and specifications prepared by a
licensed structural engineer.
E. Durability:
1. Service Life Span:a. Same as building service life, except as follows:
1) Load-Bearing Structural Members: Minimum 50 years.
a) No anticipated deterioration when protected as constructed.
2) Protective Elements: Minimum 25 years.
3) Wall Primary Weather-Barrier Elements: Minimum 50 years functional
and aesthetic service life, excluding joint sealers.
4) Joint Sealers: Minimum 20 years before replacement.
5) Surfaces Exposed to View: Minimum 20 years aesthetic service life; in
addition, deterioration includes color fading, crazing, and delamination of
li d ti
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3. Weather Resistance:a. The construction will minimize deterioration due to precipitation, sunlight,
ozone, normal temperature changes, salt air, and atmospheric pollutants.1) Deterioration includes corrosion, shrinking, cracking, spalling,
delamination, abnormal oxidation, decay, and rot.
2) Surfaces Exposed to View: Deterioration adversely affecting aesthetic life
span includes color fading, crazing, and delamination of applied coatings.
3) Joint Components and Penetration Seals: Capable of resisting expected
thermal expansion and contraction; use overlapping joints that shed water
wherever possible.
4) Freeze-Thaw Resistance: Adequate for the climate of the meetinghouse
location.
5) Corrosion Resistance: In locations exposed to the outdoor air or in
potential contact with moisture inside shell assemblies, the construction
will use only corrosion-resistant metals.
6) Ozone Resistance: Do not use materials that are adversely affected by
ozone.
b. Verification:1) Details of proven-in-use materials and test reports.
4. Moisture Resistance of Load-Bearing Members:a. The superstructure will use materials that are not damaged by contact with
water or moisture vapor.
5. Moisture Vapor Transmission:
a. The construction will prevent deterioration of materials due to condensation of
moisture vapor inside assemblies.
b. Verification:
1) Identification of building elements providing moisture barrier, materials to
be used, and data showing performance.
2) Proven-in-use or proven-by-mock-up data.
6. Vermin Protection:
a. The construction will provide permanent protection against infestation by
termites, insects, and other vermin. The construction will not use materials thatare attractive to or edible by animals or birds.
b. Verification:
1) Identification of major termite- and animal-resistant assemblies,
nonhazardous chemical treatments, and ventilation features intended for
protection against termites and other vermin
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8. Ambient Temperature Change:a. Allow for daily expansion and contraction within and between elements caused
by temperature range from the most extreme low temperature to 39 degrees C(70 degrees F) greater than the most extreme high temperature, in any year,
without causing detrimental effect to components and anchorage.
F. Operation and Maintenance:
1. Cleanliness of Exterior Surfaces:
a. The shell will be constructed to:
1) Prevent attraction and adherence of dust and airborne dirt and soot, andminimize the appearance of settled dust and dirt.
2) Be washed reasonably clean by normal precipitation.
3) Prevent precipitation from washing settled dust and dirt over surfaces
exposed to view.
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Chapter B3
RoofingPerformance
A. Basic Function:
1. Objective:
a. The construction will provide a weatherproof enclosure over the entire top side
of the building that keep out vandals, animals, and insects without requiring
specific action by occupants. The enclosure will shed water and preventuncontrolled water infiltration, withstand anticipated loading conditions, and
provide required access.
2. Roofing Elements:
a. Roof Coverings: Weather barriers, vapor retarders, insulation, wearing
surfaces, water collectors and conductors; including coverings over plaza decks,
balconies, and other exposed floors.
b. Roof Openings: Ventilation openings, access openings, and other roof-openingelements.
c. Roof Fixtures: All elements attached to the roof, unless equipment or services.
3. Verification:
a. Post-Construction: Roof inspection conducted in the first spring after
completion of roofing, after chance of snow has passed or as deemed
appropriate.
b. Post-Construction: Roof inspection conducted after the first annual weathercycle after completion of roofing.
B. Amenity and Comfort:
1. Runoff:
a. The construction will direct water runoff away from foundations in a way that
avoids back splashing onto building components or ponding against foundation
walls.2. Noise of Precipitation:
a. The construction will use materials that dampen the sound of precipitation on
the roof to maintain acceptable interior ambient sound levels.
C. Durability:
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Chapter D
ServicesPerformance
A. Basic Function:
1. Objective:
a. The construction will provide services necessary for the proper function of the
meetinghouse, utilizing systems that may consist of:
1) Elevators: Mechanized means of conveying people and goods whenrequired.
2) Water and Drainage: Means of delivery of water to points of utilization;
automatic heating of domestic water; and unattended removal of water,
rainwater, surface water, and liquid waste.
3) HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning): Artificial means of
maintaining interior space comfort and air quality, including heating,
cooling, ventilation, and energy supply, as appropriate, for active climatecontrol designs.
4) Electrical Power: Energy to operate all electrically operated devices.
5) Artificial Lighting: Means of illuminating spaces and tasks, both interior
and exterior, independent of reliance on natural light.
6) Telecommunications: Services that include voice and data transmission,
sound reinforcement, and satellite.
2. Verification:a. Verification is achieved by evaluation of completed projects and projects in
process of construction by Area FM personnel and licensed professionals, to
confirm compliance with detailed performance criteria. Detailed verification
notes contained in this chapter are to assist area personnel in identifying
verification techniques for specific requirements.
B. Amenity and Comfort:
1. Sound Reinforcement:a. The construction will provide sound reinforcement systems in large assembly
spaces so that occupants can hear and understand all of the worship services,
including music and speech. The system will amplify speech to a level that
allows listeners to hear and understand the services when: a speaker speaks
softly or unclearly; a listener has impaired hearing; or a high level of
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3. Sound and Vibration:a. The construction will prevent transmission of perceptible sound and vibration
from services equipment that rotates, vibrates, or generates sound, by isolatingsuch equipment from superstructure or by isolating equipment support
foundations from building foundations.
b. Verification:
1) Measurement of sound transmitted through the structure during functional
performance testing and during full operation of all systems.
4. Equipment Producing By-Product Heat:
a. The construction will provide ventilation for housings and cabinets as requiredby the equipment manufacturer and rooms and spaces as required to maintain
specified environmental conditions.
5. Odor Control:
a. The construction will eliminate, isolate, or exhaust odors produced by occupant
functions and building services.
6. Appearance:a. The construction will conceal services elements from view to the greatest extent
possible, with exposed portions of simple, neutral design and color.
C. Health and Safety:
1. General:
a. All services and service-related components are to promote and safeguard the
health and safety of building occupants. Equipment used in the construction is
to be certified for safety by reputable testing institutions.
2. Lightning Hazard:
a. The construction will minimize damage to the structure, services, and contents
due to lightning strikes.
1) Provide lightning protection for the meetinghouse steeple. Include
additional protection for the facility based on local requirements and
industry best practice. Conceal the system within the building whenever
possible.b. Verification: Continuity tests for grounding conductors, equipotential bonding
of other systems, and ground terminals; ground resistance test for each ground
terminal, or the equivalent, taking into account related grounding systems.
D. Structure:
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E. Durability:
1. Expected Service Life Span:a. The same as the service life of the building, except as follows:
1) Ducts, piping, and wiring in all services: Same as the service life of the
building.
2) All components permanently installed underground or encased in concrete:
Same as service life of building.
3) Elevators: Minimum 20 years.
4) Plumbing:
a) Plumbing fixtures: Same as building service life.b) Sink faucets, but not other fittings: Minimum 10 years.
5) HVAC:
a) Dampers, louvers, registers, grilles: Same as the service life of
building.
b) Main heat generation and cooling equipment: Minimum 20 years.
6) Electrical:
a) Power distribution equipment: Same as the building service life.
7) Lighting fixtures: Minimum 20 years.
8) Telecommunications systems: Minimum 10 years.
2. Weather Resistance:
a. All service-related components of the construction exposed to outdoor
environment will be resistant to deterioration or be protected by elements that
are resistant to deterioration. The construction will prevent freezing of liquid
storage and distribution components during the longest duration of anticipated
low temperatures. Equipment will be designed to endure temperature and
humidity and to resist damage due to expansion and contraction.
3. Condensation:a. The construction will provide drain pans and piping to remove condensation
from all equipment where condensation is created.
4. Corrosion Prevention:
a. Corrosion will be prevented by using corrosion-resistant materials, preventinggalvanic action, preventing contact between metals and concrete and masonry,
and preventing condensation on metals.
F. Operation and Maintenance:
1. Energy Efficiency:
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3. Ease of Cleaning:a. Equipment mountings will be designed to allow easy cleaning around and under
equipment, without crevices, cracks, and concealed spaces where dirt and greasecan accumulate.
4. Ease of Repair:
a. The construction will provide a means of isolating portions of systems where
possible, so that small portions may be shut down, leaving the remainder in
operation.
5. Ease of Equipment Removal:
a. The construction will provide doors and corridors large enough for the removal
of major pieces of equipment such as chillers, and boilers.
b. Verification:
1) Construction documents: Indicate the sizes of doors and corridors used for
removal of equipment. Indicate equipment sizes.
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Chapter D72
Sound ReinforcementPerformance
A. Basic Function:
1. Objective:
a. The construction will provide sufficient sound reinforcement to provide clear,
audible sound to persons with normal and slightly impaired hearing in the
following spaces:1) Chapel:
a) Reinforcement of speech by untrained speakers at the pulpit, sacrament
table, rostrum, and in the congregation
b) Reinforcement of vocal soloists at moderate volume levels
c) Playback of electronic organ or keyboard when adequate loudspeakers
are not included with the instrument
d) Playback of satellite audio in buildings so equipped2) Cultural Halls:
a) Playback of sound originating in the chapel when the rooms are
combined
b) Reinforcement of simple music and dramatic events
c) Playback of recorded material for dances, exercise, and so on, at
moderate volume levels
d) Augmentation of the chapel organ when the rooms are combined
3) Space designated for Relief Society use:a) Single microphone input for a pulpit microphone, hand microphone, or
lapel microphone
b) Overflow audio from the chapel system
4) Space designated for Primary assemblies: (The sound system is primarily a
teaching tool for children to learn how to use a microphone.)
a) Single microphone input for a pulpit microphone or hand microphone
b) Overflow audio from the chapel system
5) Foyers, mothers' room, other assembly teaching areas, and high council
room:
a) Sound from the chapel system or from the cultural hall system when
the chapel system is on.
B Amenity and Comfort:
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c. In large meetinghouses with operable partitions, the system configuration may
be set automatically by reading the status (open or closed) of the partitions.
2. Accessibility:a. Systems will comply with requirements of local codes for facilities for the
disabled.
3. Intelligibility:
a. The system will provide electro-acoustical equipment with the following
characteristics:
1) Pulpit microphone:
a) Easily adjusted to the proper height by inexperienced users
b) Clear, natural sounding, without pops or exaggerated bass
c) Directional pickup to maximize pickup of speaker while rejecting
noise and feedback
2) General-purpose microphone for hand or floor stand use:
a) Dynamic element, requiring no battery or phantom power
b) Same characteristics as pulpit microphone
3) Sacrament table microphone (for permanently mounted tables):a) Operable cover with printed sacrament prayers
b) Automatic turn-on and turn-off when cover is operated
c) Same characteristics as the pulpit microphone
4) Loudspeakers with 70-volt or 100-volt line transformers:
a) Minimum frequency response 40Hz-12Khz, +/-2dB on axis
b) No more than 6dB down at 4 KHz, 30 degrees off axis
c) Power rating 16 watts
d) Sensitivity 98 dB @ 1 watt/1metere) Sealed enclosure of at least 0.5 cubic feet (back box)
f) Power taps selectable between watt to 8 watts in 3 dB steps
5) Loudspeaker layout:
a) Speakers placed so that each listener, including those on the rostrum, is
within 30 degrees of a loudspeaker
b) Select power taps and power amplifier capacity to provide at least 85
dBA SPL of normal program material with no audible distortion(typically 4 to 8 watts). Select taps to compensate for varying
loudspeaker distances (ceiling heights) to achieve seat-to-seat variation
of less than +/- 3 dB at the 4 KHz octave band.
b. The system will provide electronic equipment for small meetinghouses (130 and
170 chapel capacities) with the following characteristics:
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total loudspeaker load.
6) Installed in a library or secure room (vault) with external power switch and
master volume control near pulpit.7) Equalization by integrated or modular equalizer. Minimum 15 parametric
EQ bands, with Q variable between 2 and 40
c. The system will provide electronic equipment for large meetinghouses (230
chapel capacity or more) with the following characteristics:
1) Meets or exceeds industry standards for frequency response, noise,
distortion, etc.
2) Power amplifiers are separate from mixing, processing, and equalization
equipment.
3) Sufficient power capacity for total loudspeaker load plus 10% reserve
4) Inputs:
a) Pulpit microphone with phantom power
b) Sacrament table with phantom power
c) Two hand microphones in the chapel
d) Satellite input and cassette input (may be shared with appropriate
switching)e) Three separate microphone inputs in the cultural hall
5) Outputs:
a) Chapel
b) Chapel overflow zone
c) Assembly teaching areas
d) Assisted listening
e) Perimeter (foyer, etc.)
6) The chapel mixer will operate with preset volume controls with only amaster volume control at the rostrum. The mixer will automatically adjust
the input gains for maximum gain according to the number of microphones
in use.
7) The chapel mixer will have an automatic leveling circuit that adjusts the
gain so soft and loud speakers have equal volume. Variations of short
duration will be allowed to provide dynamic range for emphasis and
dramatic effect.8) The cultural center system will function automatically at preset levels or
may be switched by the users for manual operation and adjusted with
individual manual volume controls.
9) The system will automatically configure itself for the event at hand, based
on what operable partitions are opened. No user-operated switches are
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Provisions will be made for cloning a replacement in the event of
catastrophic failure. A modem will permit remote system diagnosis and
minor adjustments.d. Verification:
1) Design validation by computer modeling with EASE or JBL CADP.
2) Completed system function validation by TEF or SMAART measurements
by a qualified acoustician:
a) Intelligibility: ALcons
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Chapter G
SiteworkPerformance
A. Basic Function:
1. Objective:
a. The construction will provide all modifications to the site, site improvements, and
utilities required for proper functioning of the meetinghouse. The construction will
fit the meetinghouse and site activities to the topography, soils, and existingvegetation as deemed prudent.
2. Image:
a. The finished meetinghouse site is to portray an image of dignity and reverence.Site finishes and landscaping are to complement and accent the meetinghouse
design as appropriate.
3. Level of Quality:
a. A meetinghouse site is to be finished and landscaped at a level of quality that is ator slightly above the level to which the sites of other public and institutional
facilities in the community are finished, provided that the level of finish is
appropriate for a house of worship and avoids an appearance of opulence.
4. Sitework Elements:
a. Sitework is composed of the following elements:
1) Site Preparation: All modifications to the site and grades required forconstruction of new work and for proper functioning of the meetinghouse
2) Site Improvements: All elements required to provide finished and durable site
surfaces and outdoor improvements, including landscaping3) Site Services: All outdoor and underground elements required to complete the
design of services defined in Chapter D, "Services".
5. Verification:
a. Verification is achieved by evaluation of completed projects and projects in processof construction by area FM personnel and licensed professionals to confirm
compliance with detailed performance criteria. Detailed verification notescontained in this chapter are to assist area personnel in identifying verificationtechniques for specific requirements.
B. Amenity and Comfort:
1 Acoustical Performance:
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2. Appearance:
a. The construction will have finished surfaces which are smooth and uniform in
appearance without depressions that collect water.1) The construction will conceal the following from view:
a) Trash collection and storage areas b) Utility yards
b. Verification:
1) Site plans showing methods of achieving appearance requirements; renderingsor sketches showing principal views.
C. Health and Safety:
1. Physical Security:
a. The construction will provide the necessary features to provide a secure site asdictated by local circumstances. When provided, site security elements are not to
detract from the image of dignity and reverence the site is to portray.
D. Structure:
1. Earthwork Bearing Capacity:
a. Under substructure, paving, and site structural elements, maintain natural bearingcapacity or achieve or correct compaction as required to prevent uncontrolled
subsidence (settlement) or other movement.
2. Site Fixtures, Equipment, and Services:
a. The construction will provide foundations or other mountings as required to
support the completed and operational elements permanently, safely, and without
uncontrolled subsidence or other movement.
3. Verification:a. Geotechnical and soils investigation report prepared by a licensed geotechnical and
soils engineer.
b. Detailed design criteria, calculations, drawings, and specifications prepared by alicensed structural engineer
E. Durability:
1. Soil Erosion Resistance:
a. The construction will comply with the following:1) The construction will maintain the existing site features that contribute to
erosion resistance to the greatest extent possible.
2) The construction will include measures to prevent soil erosion.
2. Flooding:
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F. Operation and Maintenance:
1. Cleanliness of Exterior Surfaces:
a. The construction will provide above-grade elements, fixtures, and equipment that:1) Prevent the attraction and adherence of dust and airborne dirt and soot and
minimize the appearance of settled dust and dirt.
2) Are washed reasonably clean by normal precipitation.
2. Ease of Maintenance:
a. Snow Removal: Where required by the climate, the construction will facilitate theremoval of snow from vehicular and pedestrian trafficways.
b. Verification:1) Identification of vehicular and pedestrian traffic surfaces and anticipated
methods of snow removal.
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