Digital Transmission Lecture o3 Advanced Computer Networks (ACN) 545
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Transcript of Digital Transmission Lecture o3 Advanced Computer Networks (ACN) 545
Mr. Thilak de Silva.BSc. Eng., MSc, CEng, FIE(SL), FIET(UK), CITP(UK), MBCS(UK), MIEEE (USA)
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
JitterDigital to Digital ConversionLine codingBlock codingScramblingAnalog to Digital Conversion
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
At the end of this session you will have a broad understanding of Digital to Digital conversion and Analog to Digital Conversion of signals.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
All data packets may not follow the same route.
Due to delays (in routers, media etc) different data packets reach the destination at different times.
Then jitter occurs. Is vital in multimedia applications. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II -
2012
Line coding – converting digital data into a digital signal that can be transmitted through a transmission media.
Data elements – what we need to send
Signal elements – what we can send
Signal elements are the carriers who carries data elements. M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II -
2012
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Source - http://train-srv.manipalu.com/wpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/clip-image0044-thumb4.jpg
Ratio (r)= Data elements Signal elements
Unipolar - NRZPolar – NRZ,RZ and
biphase(Manchester and differential Manchester)
Bipolar-AMI and pesudoternaryMultilevel – 2B/1Q , 8B/6T and 4D-
PAM5Multitransition – MLT 3
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
8 binary values in 6 signals
Additional Combinations = 729 – 256 = 473
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
10110011 -0++0-
Data Signal2^8 =256 3^6 =729
256 number of combinations are already defined and if there are any undefined combinations, that means there is a error.
Having additional combinations leads to easy error detection at the receiving end
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Every line coding schema should have, Error Detection and Self Synchronization (done by PLL)
PLL will not Operate if there are no state changes Eg: All 0 s in RZ
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Source :http://www.google.lk/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Transmission_line_element.svg/220px-Transmission_line_element.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_impedance&usg=__mIMtU47Cbk5Fjqt5yYJ1BPgoJYI=&h=134&w=220&sz=4&hl=en&start=1&zoom=1&tbnid=_6PLMVwREZh4GM:&tbnh=65&tbnw=107&ei=n6kmT_6EE87NrQf8lvyoCA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcharacteristic%2Bimpedance%26hl%3Den%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1
R - resistance per unit length,
L - inductance per unit length,
G - conductance of the dielectric per unit length,
C - capacitance per unit length,
j - imaginary unit, and
ω - angular frequency.
Because of capacitor signal gets charged,
In Manchester coding it gets charged to a some extent and remains.
We need to have a way of discharging DC component, (avg =0), Eg: AMI
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Changes a block of m bits into a block of n bits. (n>m)
Eg: 4B/5B coding – 4 bits converted to 5
bits(32-16 = 16 number of redundant
combinations)
8B/10B – 8 bits are converted to 10 bits M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Block Coding
Line coding
Line coding
Block Coding
DATA
DATA
Convert data to signal
For Error detection
Sender
Receiver
Transmission media
Long sequence of zeros (0) are converted into a combination of bits.
000000 010110
Mainly for synchronization.Useful to achieve security.Eg:
B8ZS HDB3
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Converting an Analog signal to a Digital signal.
Used in telephone systems to convert the voice signal to digital signal.
Eg: Pulse Code Modulation Delta Modulation Adaptive Delta Modulation
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, Chapter 04, 4th Edition
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012