Digital Rights Management Bill Cody – MSIT-526 – 12/20/05.
-
date post
21-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Digital Rights Management Bill Cody – MSIT-526 – 12/20/05.
Digital Rights ManagementDigital Rights Management
Bill Cody – MSIT-526 – 12/20/05Bill Cody – MSIT-526 – 12/20/05
History of DRMHistory of DRM 1975 – Cassette tape
Breakthrough in sound quality 1975 – Sony Betamax introduced
Record up to 2 hours, cost $2295.00 1977 – RCA introduces VHS
4 hour recording, cheaper $1,000.00 1976 – Universal/Disney vs Sony
Watershed moment for “fair use” 1983 – Compact Disc (CD) released
Superior sound quality to cassette 1986 – Pioneer introduces DVD player
Also, 3 million CD players had been purchased and 53 million CD’s in the U.S.
History - ContinuedHistory - Continued 1998 – First recordable CD’s
introduced Capable of holding 650 MB of data Seen as threat from recording
industry 1998 – Digital Millennium
Copyright Act passed (DMCA) Amended Title 17 of US Code
(copyright) 1999 RIAA sues Napster
First lawsuit of its kind Based on principles of DMCA
ImplementationImplementation
Multi-layered system Intellectual Property Asset Creation
and Capture Asserts rights when content is created
IP Asset Management Place content into asset management
system, attach descriptive metadata IP Asset Usage
Implements constraints over traded content through software (security)
DRM – Copy ProtectionDRM – Copy Protection
Macrovision Most widely used Signals implanted in off-screen
range of video signal that change signal’s brightness to unwatchable levels when VCR set to record DVD signal or another VHS tape
Can be embedded in VHS tape or created upon playback by chip in DVD player
DRM – Copy ProtectionDRM – Copy Protection
Digital Transmission Content Protection (DTCP) Controls transmission of digital
content Developed by Intel, Hitachi, Sony Occurs during transfer between
digital devices over high-speed (IEEE1394) networks
All devices must contain “CCI” – copy control information
DRM – Copy ProtectionDRM – Copy Protection Content Scrambling System (CSS)
Data encryption/authentication method to protect DVD’s
40-bit encryption stream cipher algorithm Data on DVD naturally encrypted &
can only be viewed properly on a DVD player licensed to decrypt the data
Developed by DVD Copy Control Association (DVDCCA)
Reverse engineered in 1999 by 19 year old Norwegian & published on the Internet (DeCSS)
Emerging Copy Protection
Emerging Copy Protection
High Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) Developed by Intel Protects digital audio & video
content as it travels across DVI or HDMI connections
Rumored that Blu-Ray/HD-DVD will only output full resolution signals under HDCP
DRM AdvocatesDRM Advocates
MPAA RIAA Microsoft Sony Musicians (i.e. Metallica) Film makers Authors Computer programmers
Opponents to DRMOpponents to DRM
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)
Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure
Some musicians Switchfoot
Posted instructions on how to defeat DRM on their CD’s
Texas, California Opposed Sony’s implementation
Failed DRM MethodsFailed DRM Methods CSS Early “physical protection” types
Proprietary connections Sony XCM “rootkit”
Supposed to limit number of times music can be copied from CD
Undetectable spyware Became vulnerable to exploit and
infection Removal patch issued created
larger security hole
Legal RamificationsLegal Ramifications Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
Makes it a crime to circumvent anti-piracy measures built into most commercial software
Outlaws the manufacture, sale, or distribution of code-cracking devices used to illegally copy software
Does permit the cracking of copyright protection devices, however, to conduct encryption research, assess product interoperability, and test computer security systems
Provides exemptions from anti-circumvention provisions for nonprofit libraries, archives, and educational institutions under certain circumstances
Requires that "webcasters" pay licensing fees to record companies
Legal RamificationsLegal Ramifications
Lawsuits Court maintains discretion to
reduce or remit damages in cases of innocent violations
Criminal prosecution if violation was for purpose of commercial advantage or private gain
Up to $500,000 fine Up to 5 years imprisonment
Future of DRMFuture of DRM
Microsoft implementations Windows Vista
Will employ HDCP Legally-purchased high definition
content will not display at optimum resolution unless computer monitor is HDCP capable and activated
Blu-Ray or HD-DVD player also needed to enjoy high-definition content
ConclusionConclusion DRM – Powerful tool for protecting
intellectual property DMCA “updates” U.S. Code Title 17
(copyright) to protect digital content Some methods dangerous and
present security risk (Sony) Some methods will require expensive
hardware upgrades to enjoy high-definition content
Trend makes it increasingly difficult to make personal backup copies of legally-purchased content
ConclusionConclusion Overzealous organizations
(MPAA/RIAA) file lawsuits with little discretion Need to focus on pirates, not
housewives/children/the dead Increasingly limits right to “fair
use” Legislature should re-examine
DMCA and amend it to relax restrictions on DRM
DRM should protect author(s), end user(s), and not be a security risk