Digital Phase Changer

8/2/2019 Digital Phase Changer

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PRESENTATIONON

Project GuideMr. Shivendra kaura

Presented ByAnkit srivastava(0809020019)Anurag Tiwari(0809020026)Ashish verma (0809020031)

Buddha prakash (0809020034)


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INTRODUCTION

Power instability in developing countries createsthe need for automation of phase selection oralternative sources of power to back-up the utilitysupply .

Most industrial and commercial applications aredependent on power supply . if the process of changeover is manual, not only

considerable time is wasted but also the device

or machine may get damaged from human errorduring the changeover connections, incurringmassive losses.


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Digital phase selector that can be installed in residentialand office premises where single-phase equipment areused. When any of the mains phase lines fails, it

automatically selects the available phase line (out of threephase lines or backup lines).


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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

It comprises phase (or inverter) sensing,control logic and relay driver sections .

The phase-sensing circuitry has R,Y,B andinverter sensing sections, which sense thepresence of R,Y,B and inverter supply,respectively.

The control logic circuitry decides thephase priority for one out of four lines .


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BLOCK DIAGRAM


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The order of phase priority is R-phasefollowed by Y-phase , B-phase and then

backup (inverter )as shown in the truth tablegiven below .

The relay-driver section drives the relay

according to the signal received from thecontrol logic circuitry .

Power supply provides the power to control

the logic circuit and relay driver sections.


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TRUTH TABLE


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Explanation of control logic

The control logic circuit comprises NOTgate, AND gate, diodes and a few passivecomponents.

It is basically a priority encoder and worksaccording to the truth table.

If an input variable is at logic 0 it means

that particular phase (line) is absent in thephase selector .


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If an input variable is at logic 0 it means

that particular phase (line) is absent in thephase selector .

if an input variable is at logic 1 thatparticular phase (line) is present in thephase selector.


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Components Used

Inverter Circuits (CD4069UBC)The CD4069UB consists of six inverter circuits and is manufactured using

complementary MOS (CMOS) to achieve wide power supply operatingrange, low power consumption, high noise immunity, and symmetric

controlled rise and fall times. Features:

Wide supply voltage range: 3.0V to 15V

High noise immunity: 0.45 VDD type


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DIODE

This is a junction Diode. If the positive terminal of the battery is connected tothe p-type material (cathode) and the negative terminal to the N-typematerial (Anode), a large current will flow.

If the connections are reversed, a very little current will flow.


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RELAY

Relay is a common, simple application of electromagnetism. It uses anelectromagnet made from an iron rod wound with hundreds of fine copperwire. When electricity is applied to the wire, the rod becomes magnetic. Amovable contact arm above the rod is then pulled toward the rod until itcloses a switch contact. When the electricity is removed, a small springpulls the contract arm away from the rod until it closes a second switchcontact. By means of relay, a current circuit can be broken or closed in onecircuit as a result of a current in another circuit.


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RESISTANCE

Resistance is the opposition of a material to the current. It is measured in Ohms (W). Allconductors represent a certain amount of resistance, since no conductor is 100% efficient. Tocontrol the electron flow (current) in a predictable manner, we use resistors. Electronic circuits usecalibrated lumped resistance to control the flow of current. Broadly speaking, resistor can bedivided into two groups viz. fixed & adjustable (variable) resistors. In fixed resistors, the value isfixed & cannot be varied. In variable resistors, the resistance value can be varied by an adjusterknob. It can be divided into (a) Carbon composition (b) Wire wound (c) Special type. The mostcommon type of resistors used in our projects is carbon type. The resistance value is normallyindicated by colour bands. Each resistance has four colours, one of the band on either side will be

gold or silver, this is called fourth band and indicates the tolerance, others three band will give thevalue of resistance.

COLOURS CODE Black 0 Brown 1 Red 2 Orange 3 Yellow 4 Green 5 Blue 6 Violet 7 Grey 8 White 9


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Conclusion

As we are making a DIGITAL PHASE CHANGERthis presentation gives the introduction of the

components we are using in our project anddescribes the concept of the project.


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Digital Phase Changer

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