UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS Y DE LA

EDUCACIÓN

CARRERA DE IDIOMAS

MODALIDAD PRESENCIAL

DIGITAL ALBUM “PHONOLOGY I”

Tercero “A”

Estudiante: Jefferson Saransig

Profesor: Lcda. Ruth Infante

AMBATO - ECUADOR

Marzo-Agosto 2012

LANGUAGE Is a particular human communication by a system of

written symbols, spoken, words and movements.

SEGMENTAL FEATURES:

SEGMENTS OF A CONTINUOUS FLOW OF SPEECH

Consonant

A speech sound produced by a partial or complete

obstruction of the air stream by any of various

constrictions of the speech organs

(p) (f) (r) (w) (h)

Vowel

One of a class of speech sounds in the articulation of

which the oral part of the breath channel is not blocked

and is not constricted enough to cause audible friction

(a) (e) (i) (o) (u)

Phonemes

Phonemes are speech sounds. They are not segments of

words like syllables

Voiced

Uttered with vibration of the vocal cords

(b) (d)

Voiceless

Uttered without vibration of the vocal cords

(t) (p)

SUPRASEGMENTAL FEATURES

Intonation

Intonation is the use of changing pitch to convey

syntactic information.

What time is it?

Help me!

Stress

Stress is the relative force with which a sound or syllable

is spoken.

Pencil

Chair

Pronunciation

It is the act of uttering with articulation.

Linguistics

The study of the nature, structure, and the variation of

language, including, phonetics, phonology, morphology,

syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics.

Phonology:

The study of the sound system of a language

I love pets

/ay/ /lΛv/ /pєts

Morphology:

The study of words structure

Rapidly

Slowly

Syntax:

This is the study of how phrases and sentences larger

than the word are constructed.

The car is blue

S

⁄ \

(NP) (VP)

⁄ \ ⁄ \

Det Noun Verb Adj.

Semantics:

The study of the meanings of a sentence.

I study in the sun

I eat houses every day

Pragmatics:

The changes in the people’s pronunciation depending

the place where they born. It´s the real use the language.

I love pets

I love pet

I love a pets

Language Features

Linear:

Learn a language starting with a beginning point

NOUN + VERBS + ADJETIVE

The cat is black

A system of systems:

Any formulated, regular, or special method or plan of

procedure.

Parts past

Whole system parts Tense present

Parts future

Systematics:

Systematic means that there is a pattern to it, that

grammar isn't just random

A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K (finitive)

C A B (infinitive) combinations

Meaningful:

The importance of speaking English

Do you know this place?

I am very happy

Arbitrary:

In English we never had some combination of words at

the beginning

kj kjary ä ängar

Conventional:

You understand the sound of the word

System of contrast:

I am very happy

Estoy alegre

Je suis très content

Sound:

The sensation produced by stimulation of the organs of

hearing by vibrations transmitted through the air or

other medium.

Creative:

Resulting from originality of thought, expression.

I'm gonna go down to the beach. You wanna come?

I am going to go down to the beach. Do you want to come?

Ain't that strange?

Isn't that strange?

Unique:

Radically distinctive and without equal

ÑAÑO, Just in Ecuador

Stand, Just in English

Language is movement:

When you express your feelings by your body

Word stress:

Every word has a stressed syllable and it alters the word meaning.

Present ≠ present

Object ≠ object

Similar:

When there are different sentences from different languages but

they have some things in common.

Je suis trés content

Yo estoy muy contento

I am very happy

Speech Speech is the communication or expression of thoughts in spoken words.

TYPES OF SPEECH

Expressive:

Through this speech you can express your feelings,

attitudes, emotions.

I love you I miss you

Commisive:

Speech acts that commit a speaker to some future action

Directive:

Speech acts that are to cause the hearer to take a

particular action

Declarative:

Speech acts that change the reality in accord with the

proposition of the declaration

Representative:

The speech deals with the words' real and intended

meaning, causing some kind of action headlines

reports

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS

Idiolect:

It is the way a person speaks calm

furious

happy

Colloquialism:

It is not formal/not informal/not rude

Among relatives

Slang:

It is the informal way to speak

G'day, Mate - Australian slang for good morning

Wicked air, bro - Skateboarding slang for getting high in the air

Barbie - Australian slang for barbecue

Crook - Australian slang for being sick

Jargon:

It is the language used by people who work in a

particular area

Group Jargon Meaning

Business

people

operationalise Carry out, to put into action

proactive To act first and in a positive way. This term has

become more mainstream.

learnings Things that have been learned.

skateboarders grind To move across/down an edge with the tail of the

skateboard.

fakie Where a rider rides backwards.

ollie A jump.

Dialect:

The different way to speak according the geographical

situation

Family languages:

It is the origin of the language

Bio logy

Life study

Aspects of linguistics

Historical or diachronic

The study of language through time

Descriptive or synchronic

Is one that views linguistic phenomena only at one point

in time, usually the present.

Comparative and contrastive

Analyses and compares two or more languages

Structural

Generative transformational grammar

It is a set of rules that can transform a simple to a

complex sentence

Noun + verb

She walks

Noun + verb + complement

She walks in the street

OPEN TRANSITION

The difference in the pronunciation when passing from

one vowel or consonant sound to the next

a grade A a gray day

/ǝ/ /g'eyd/ /ey/ /ə/ /grey/ /day/

IPA - The International Phonetic Alphabet

Promote the

scientific study

of phonetics

Accepted by:

Linguistics,

phoneticians,

Language teachers

and dictionary

makers

Represent all the

possible sounds of

the world’s

language in a

standard way

IPA: The International

Phonetic

Alphabet

Transcription

Transcription

System of

notation that

represents

utterances of a

languages

Phonemic Transcription of phonemes /ǵaɹdǝn/

Phonetics Transcription of phonemes, dialect

Stress Represented in phonetics and phonemics

Every single word has an stressed syllable

The stressed vowel sound is longer, louder, and higher

Tips to make a good transcription

Exaggerating

the

pronuntioatio

n

Listening

then

speaking

Stress goes

in the first

syllable

From

slowest to

the fastest

repetition

Short vowel

generally

used are:

/I,ʊ,ə/

Start with

the receptive

skills

Stress alters

word

meaning

Intensive

and

extensive

practice

Read your

transcription

back out

loud

Tips to

make good

transcriptio

ns

Symbols used for transcriptions

Symbols used for transcriptions

Stress mark '

Angle brackets < > Normal English spelling

Slant lines // Phonemic transcriptions

Square brackets [ ]

Vertical line | Division .

Vowel production

Vowel quality

Simple vowels

/ǝ/ /ӕ/

Complex vowels /t/ey/ /iy/

Tongue position

High /iy/

Middle /ey/

Low /Ә/

Area

Front /iy/

Central /Ә/

Back /uw/

Lip shape

Spread /ey/

Neutral /Ә/

Rounded /oW/

Vowel length

lengthened These

(before voiced consonant)

Unlengthened

This

(before unvoiced consonant)