Digestive System
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Transcript of Digestive System
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Digestive System
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Origin• Stomodeum and Proctodeum
• Buccopharyngeal membrane and cloacal membrane
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Major Components• Digestive Tract• Buccal Cavity• Pharynx• Alimentary Canal
• Accessory Glands
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Components: Buccal Cavity• Teeth, tongue, palate• Functions: Mechanical and chemical breakdown
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Components: Buccal Cavity - Palate• Roof of the mouth• Primary Palate: contains internal nares• Medial series: Vomer, Pterygoid, Parasphenoid• Lateral series: Palatine, Ectopterygoid
• Secondary Palate: some reptiles and mammals• Hard and soft palate
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Components: Buccal Cavity - Teeth• Origin: ectodermal• Mechanical breakdown, holding, hunting
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Components: Buccal Cavity - Tongue• Evolution: Hypobranchial muscles resting on Hyoid Apparatus• Sensory, feeding
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Components: Buccal Cavity - Tongue• Ingestion• Intraoral transport• Deglutition - swallowing
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Components: Buccal Cavity - Tongue• Lingual feeding
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Components: Pharynx• Common passage for food and air• Derivatives: Pharyngeal pouches meeting with branchial grooves,
further developing into other organs
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Components: Pharynx• Swallowing/Deglutition• Air vs food
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Components: Alimentary Canal• Esophagus• Stomach• Small Intestine• Large Intestine
• Terminus: Cloaca or Anus
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Alimentary Canal Design• Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia
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Alimentary Canal Origin• Endoderm – lining• Mesoderm – muscles, CT, BV
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Alimentary Canal Components: Esophagus
• Distendible, secretes mucus• Modifications: for abrasion (histologic), for large amounts of food
(histologic and behavioural)
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Alimentary Canal Components: Stomach
• Storage, absorption, digestion• Gastric juice – HCl, mucus, enzymes• Rugae• Sections:• Cardiac – mucus• Fundus – Parietal and Chief cells• Pylorus – Neutralize, mucus
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Alimentary Canal Components: Small Intestine
• Villi, Microvilli (absorption)• Crypts of Lieberkuhn (enzymatic)• Intestinal juice• Duodenum, jejunum, ileum• Duodenum – pancreatic and hepatic
secretions, Brunner’s glands (neutralize)• Jejunum• Ileum – ileocolic valve
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Alimentary Canal Components: Large Intestine
• Simple columnar, terminus: stratification• Internal and external anal spinchther
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Accessory Glands• Oral Glands • Buccal cavity• Mucus and serous fluid• More common in tetrapods• Examples: Salivary glands, lacrimal glands, venom glands
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Accessory Glands• Liver• Developmental: RBC production• Adults: RBC destruction, filtering of wastes, bile production (exocrine)• Origin: hepatic diverticulum
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Accessory Glands• Pancreas• Origin: Dorsal and ventral pancreatic diverticulum• Ducts lead to duodenum, contains trypsin and chymotrypsin (exocrine)• Islets of Langerhans: insulin and glucagon (endocrine)
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Adaptations and Specializations of the GI• Fish: • Ileal modification – spiral valve – primitive osteichthyans, elasmobranches• Rectal gland - sharks• Pyloric cecum/ceca (absorption) - osteichthyes
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Adaptations and Specializations of the GI• Terrestrial Vertebrates
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Adaptations and Specializations of the GI• Gizzards
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Adaptations and Specializations of the GI• Extended ceca
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Adaptations and Specializations of the GI• Coprophagia
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Images• http://www.perinatology.com/images/primarypalate.jpg• http://www.walgreens.com/marketing/library/graphics/images/en/1121.jpg• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_W19ZkFqGT-M/Sz2ri8ZKWiI/AAAAAAAADZI/MdwPyTQFogI/
s400/Cows%2Bteeth%2BFM%2Bgood.jpg• http://courses.washington.edu/vertebra/452/photos/amphib/giant_toothrow.jpg• http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xv3NJkxbs68/UGs9bygAySI/AAAAAAAAB1Q/MTv8jiK0lb8/
s1600/Animal%2Battacks%2Bnews%2Bdangerous%2Banimal%2Bteeth%2Bof%2Bhyena%2Bdangerous%2Banimals%2Bof%2Bkenya%2Bsouth%2Bafrica%2Btanzania%2Bzimbabwe%2Banimal%2Bpictures.jpg
• http://www.peteducation.com/images/articles/ill_reptile_teeth.gif• http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/cheekteeth.jpg• http://www.patzner.sbg.ac.at/Gobiidae/Fotos/Gob_buc_6.jpg• http://sharkmans-world.eu/images/teeth.jpg• http://www.tigerhomes.org/animal/images/diamondback-teeth.jpg• http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Sites/Web/gondwana/
Animal_Fossils_of_Gondwana/lo/fossils_06/graphics/tooth1.jpg• http://www.neuro.fsu.edu/~mmered/vomer/images/Snake.gif• http://www.wild-facts.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/cheats-chameleon.jpg• http://kuwaitiful.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/cats-tongue-close-up-magnifiy.jpg• http://sepetjian.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/embryoes2116.jpg• http://blogs.bu.edu/bioaerial2012/files/2012/09/Pelican-Wins1.jpg• http://reptilis.net/index4/swallow2.jpg• http://www.anatomyatlases.org/MicroscopicAnatomy/Images/Plate192.jpg
• http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~millen/oldvertebrate/spiral20valve.jpg• http://health.rush.edu/healthinformation/graphics/images/en/15873.jpg• http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_euq4iPQ9iQk/TKNkGaP5KPI/AAAAAAAACfQ/HKzE6_pek9c/
s400/Chicken%2BGizzards%2BScreen%2BSaver.jpg• http://bio1152.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch41/41_27GITractComparison_CL.jpg• http://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/1-19-12-snowshoe-
hare-scat-img_7235.jpg• http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_
zHWK8oRfUrU/TS_4jcpKQfI/AAAAAAAABfg/yqO5lgn8nKY/s1600/DSC_0010.JPG• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XTvsIwo9ouk/ToUu3JKafPI/AAAAAAAAGCs/Ussb_Yxaq2U/
s1600/EBV%2BPythonBunny7.jpg• http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/fundus_esophagus.jpg• http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~swatland/s140.gif• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XTvsIwo9ouk/ToUu3JKafPI/AAAAAAAAGCs/Ussb_Yxaq2U/
s1600/EBV%2BPythonBunny7.jpg• http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/fundus_esophagus.jpg• http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~swatland/s140.gif• http://
rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/05/23/rsbl.2011.0336/F2.large.jpg• http://methiscool.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/21_04bhumandigestivesys-l.jpg• http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/CathyKeifer/CathyKeifer1101/
CathyKeifer110100004/8537840-a-bog-eyed-tree-frog-is-trying-to-catch-a-fly-with-his-tongue.jpg