1

JSTOR & Portico:Committed to preserving the scholarly record

Kenneth DiFioreAssociate Director, Library Relations

2

Today’s Landscape

Dissemination of knowledge is shifting from a paper-based transaction to a digital and network transaction.

Scholarly communication - libraries, publishers, and societies - is realigning itself to these new realities.

3

Factors Driving Libraries to e-Only Environment

Use of content is moving overwhelmingly toward electronic resources, driven by the convenience and efficiency of networked aggregations of content online.

High cost of maintaining dual formats (p + e)• Staff reductions limit print processing capabilities• Space limitations inhibit print storage

In the digital environment, networks and context are everything, and out of sight = non-existent.

4

ARL Community Buying More e-Content

2006-07 ARL Annual Statistics Survey, Washington, DC 2008

5

Factors Driving Libraries to e-Only Environment

Increased availability of e-content:• “Approximately 60% of the universe of some 20,000 active

peer-reviewed journals is available in electronic form.” • Definitive versions are now online renditions• Online becoming only option

Judy Luther and Richard Johnson, The e-Only Tipping Point for Journals (Washington: Association of Research Libraries,2006).

6

Publisher’s Moving to e-Only

“No print subscriptions to AGU journals will be available after 2010. Since 2002,

when the electronic journal was made the version of record, it was clear that the day would come when the print version would

be unsustainable.”

7

The Rapidly Changing Landscape Raises Questions

In this access-dominated environment, how do libraries assure long-term institutional access to scholarly resources?

Where does the preservation responsibility rest...libraries, publishers, third parties?

Can we take advantage of economies of scale for the whole academic community, as well as new benefits for users that flow from the aggregation of resources?

8

JSTOR: A Trusted Scholarly Journal Archive

9

JSTOR: Digitizes Journal Back file

Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775) , Vol. 47 (1751), pp. 565-567

To reduce costs associated with the storage and care of journals.

To improve dramatically access to journal back file.

To help fill gaps in existing library collections of journal back files or access to literature not otherwise available.

JSTOR Content at a Glance:• ~ 29,000,000 pages• ~ 3,000,000 articles• ~ 1,100 journals• ~ 550 publishers

10

JSTOR: Two Types of Preservation Activities

1. Digitization for Preservation: Addresses paper preservation issues such as mutilated pages and long-term deterioration of paper copy.

11

JSTOR: Two Types of Preservation Activities

2. Digital Preservation: Ongoing set of managed activities to protect resulting digital content from technology obsolescence, media deterioration, and fading human recall. Combines policies strategies and actions.

RLG/OCLC “Attributes of a Trusted Repository”

• OAIS Compliance

• Administrative Responsibility

• Organizational Viability

• Financial Sustainability

• Technological Stability

• System Security

• Procedural Accountability

12

Preservation at JSTOR: Maintaining Print

Paper repositories at Harvard and University of California; pending international repository.

Each repository meets physical environment standards, undertakes a validation procedure, and is subject to audit

13

Black & WhitePage Display

Thumbnail, Linked to Optimized Display (separate JPEG)

Preservation at JSTOR: Faithful Replication

14

Before Image Compositing

15

After Image Compositing

16

Preservation at JSTOR: Robust Technology Infrastructure

Maintain archival quality files offline.

Complete, functioning copies of the entire archive are maintained in 3 data centers: Princeton University; MIMAS facility at University of Manchester, UK; and a commercial facility in Denver, CO

Engaged in managed preservation:• Authenticity• Accessibility• Discoverability• Usability

17

Preservation at JSTOR: Preserving “Born Digital” Journals

Launched Portico with support from Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and Library of Congress to assure permanent access to e-scholarship.

Helps libraries make a secure transition to a reliance on e-scholarship and reduces their dependency on print as the insurance against technology obsolescence and license cancellations.

A&S I

A&S II

A&S III

A&S IV

A&S V

A&S VI

digitized print back file

selective titles

“light archive”

18

Portico “Dark Archive”: Insurance for Libraries

Maintains archiving agreement with publishers to collect and preserve content.

• Current content (born digital) • Back file (reborn digital)

Provide libraries with access to archived content when it becomes lost, orphaned or abandoned, regardless of any past or current subscription:

• Publisher ceases operation;• Publisher discontinues a title;• Publisher drops electronic back file.

Libraries may receive access following license cancellation:• Some publishers allow Portico to be a mechanism to satisfy post-

cancellation access claims.

19

Portico “Dark Archive”: Insurance for Libraries

American Chemical SocietyElsevier

Wiley-BlackwellSpringer

Taylor-FrancisOxford University Press

Cambridge University PressBioOne

Haworth PressAnnual Reviews

BE PressSage

University of California PressUniversity of Chicago Press

Walter de GruyterMany more…

20

JSTOR & Portico: Community-based Archive

Balance the needs and expectations of publishers with the interests of the academic community.

Recognize the value of a diverse and independent scholarly publishing system, and we respect publishers’ need to make business judgments in a challenging digital environment.

Scale and complexity of print and digital preservation infrastructure exceeds that which can be supported by any institutional budget.

Global library community supports the shared infrastructure which reduces preservation cost for individual libraries.

Publishers

Libraries

21

JSTOR & Portico Archive: Assessing Value

Usage alone does not prove value.How can we assess value of preserving scholarly literature?

22

Shelf Space in JSTOR: More Than a mile!

Collection Total Pages Total Linear Feet

Arts & Sciences I 5,749,730 1,409

Arts & Sciences II 3,721,322 912

Arts & Sciences III 3,163,219 775

Arts & Sciences IV 3,659,544 897

Arts & Sciences Complement 2,629,883 645

Biological Science 2,867,619 703

Health & General Sciences 1,944,788 477

Ecology & Botany 1,315,344 322

Business 1,897,832 465

Business II 718,964 176

Language & Literature 1,636,955 401

Mathematics & Statistics 2,464,043 604

Music 651,559 160

TOTAL 23,454,777* 5,749

*As of 14 March 2007

23

Ithaka: Preservation Layer to Support Scholarship

Ithaka Mission

Dedicated to helping the academic community use digital technologies to advance scholarship and teaching and to reducing system-wide

costs through collective action.

I T H A K A

24

Thank You