• Differentiate between endergonic and exergonic reactions.

• Explain how the first and second laws of thermodynamics influence biological processes.

• Draw the structure of ATP. What type of molecule is it?

• How does ATP perform its function when living systems perform work?

• Define what an enzyme is.• Define what an active site is. • Define what a substrate is.• How does the enzyme structure fit to perform

its function?• What is meant by optimal pH and temperature

of enzyme action?• How do enzymes behave if they are cooled?• If they are heated?

• Define what an inhibitor is.• Compare and contrast the effect of

competitive and non-competitive inhibitors on the relationship between the substrate concentration and the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction.

• Explain why heavy metals such as lead and arsenic are poisonous.

• Describe the induced fit model of enzyme reaction.

• Commercial meat tenderizers often contain papain, a proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzyme derived from papayas. How might such products make meat more tender?

• Meat tenderizers are sometimes used as a home remedy for treating stings inflicted by the Portuguese man-of-war. Based on this information, to which class of organic compounds do you suppose the toxin released by the man-of-war belongs to?