ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.
-
Upload
donna-norton -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
2
Transcript of ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.
![Page 1: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ExergonicVs
Endergonic?
![Page 2: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Endergonic: Building
![Page 3: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Exergonic: Breakdown
![Page 4: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Enzymes: Proteins that are used for chemical reactions(some RNA molecules)• Enzymes can either break up or put
together substrates • Enzymes are specific – only work on
certain substrates.• Enzymes are biological catalysts that
react on substrates• Enzymes are NOT CHANGED in the
reaction
![Page 5: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Catalyst:
A substance that causes a reaction to occur but does not itself get changed
Biological catalysts (enzymes) are found in ALL living cells
![Page 6: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?
Enzymes are catalysts which speed up the reaction by lowering the activation energy required, thus making it efficient for sustaining life.
![Page 7: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Activation Energy
The energy required for a chemical reaction to start and continue on its own.
Similar to rolling a boulder downhill, it is the chemical ‘push’ that gets a chemical reaction going.
(Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for chemical reactions. Less energy needed to start the reaction, can occur at lower temperatures.)
![Page 8: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Liver, Potato Cells…Hydrogen
Peroxide
![Page 9: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lowering the
Activation Energy
![Page 10: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How an enzyme works…
Substrate: A substance that the catalyst (enzyme) acts on
Ex) Lactose = milk sugar (substrate) Lactase = breaks down lactose
(enzyme)Active Site: The specific
region of the enzyme that combines with the substrate
![Page 11: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Liver/Potato Demo- Reaction? Enzyme? Multiple collisions…
forever??
“Induced Fit”- stress on substrate bonds, weakens them…less AE needed
(text p 162,166)
![Page 12: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Lock and Key:
The lock is the enzyme and the key is the substrate. Only the correctly sized key (substrate) fits into the key hole (active site) of the lock (enzyme).
![Page 13: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Factors that affect the rate of Enzyme Action:
Temperature: There is an optimum (best) temperature that each enzyme works in . Increase temperature, increase molecule movement, increase rate of the reaction.
Temperature too LOW, decrease the effect of the enzyme
Temperature too HIGH- Protein Denatures (breaks down/changes shape)- the enzyme will not work.
![Page 14: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Denatured EnzymeWeakened H-bonds….Alpha/Beta… unravels
![Page 16: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Enzyme Regulation:
Factors that affect the rate of enzyme actionA cell can regulate enzymatic activity by controlling the amount of enzyme produced
![Page 17: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Allosteric Sites (Feedback Inhibition)
A cell can regulate enzymatic activity by controlling the amount of enzyme produced
![Page 18: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Noncompetetive vs Competetive Inhibition
![Page 19: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Factors that affect the rate of Enzyme Action:
TemperaturepHConcentration: Increasing the amount of enzyme will
increase the rate of reaction, but it will eventually level off- why?
For the same reason, increasing the substrate concentration will increase the rate of reaction, but it will eventually level off.
![Page 21: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
SEE ALL GRAPHS ON PAGE 3 of the Enzyme Packet
![Page 22: ExergonicVsEndergonic?. Endergonic: Building Exergonic: Breakdown.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032415/56649efb5503460f94c0e05e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Enzyme Animation
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/other/hienz.html
http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/anim_2.htm