Devesh Singh 2K8 EC 634
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Transcript of Devesh Singh 2K8 EC 634
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DELHI COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Presented by:-DEVESH SINGH
2K8/EC/634
Presentation on
TOUCH TECHNOLOGY
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Points of Discussion
Introduction to touch
technology
History & Development
Construction of Touch
Screen
Types of TouchTechnologies
Comparison
Manufacturer
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Future
Closing Thought
Q&A
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Introduction
A touch screen is an electronic
visual display that can detect the
presence and location of a touch
within the display area.
Touch screens can sense Finger
and other passive objects, suchas a stylus.
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History & Development
In 1971 Dr. Sam Hurst, founder of Elographics developed thefirst touch opaque sensor Elograph at the University of
Kentucky.
In 1974 He developed the first real touch screen.
In 1977, Elographics developed the five-wire resistive
technology then with the backing of Siemens Corporation,
developed a curved glass sensor called the touch screen.
The new transparent technology, AccuTouch, was later
developed by the founders of Elographics, Dr. Hurst and Bill
Colwell
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Dr. Samuel Hurst
Dr. Samuel Hurst is considered as the
father of the touch screen technology.
In 1971, while he was working as an
instructor at the University of Kentucky
Research Foundation, he had to read a great
volume of information during the
graduation exams. In an effort to save some
time he invented the first touch sensor that
he called lo graph(electronic graphics),which allowed him to enter data faster.
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First Touch Phone
Apple was the first with a touchscreen phone in 1983.
Jason Ford of Elo TouchSystems, the company whosefounder invented touch screentechnology in 1971, providedthe touch technology to Apple.
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First Touch Mobile
The Nokia 7710 was the first
touch screen mobile phone model
produced by Nokia in 2004.
The 7710 was based on the Nokia
7700 which was never released. It
was Nokia's first, and so far only
smart phone to run the Series
90 GUI a top the Symbian OS.
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Construction of Touch screen
A basic touch screen has three
main components:
Touch sensor,
Controller,
Software driver.
The touch screen is an input
device, so it needs to becombined with a display and a
PC or other device to make a
complete touch input system.
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Touch Sensor
A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with atouch responsive surface which is placed over adisplay screen so that the responsive area of the panel
covers the viewable area of the display screen.
The sensor generally has an electrical current or signalgoing through it and touching the screen causes a
voltage or signal change. This voltage change is usedto determine the location of the touch to the screen
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A Touch Sensor
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Controller
The controller is a smallhardware card that connects
between the touch sensor and the
Processor.
It takes information from the
touch sensor and translates it into
information that Processor can
understand.
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Software Driver
The driver is a software that allows the touch screen and
computer to work together. It tells the operating system how to
interpret the touch event information that is sent from the
controller.
Most touch screen drivers today are a mouse-emulation type
driver. This makes touching the screen the same as clicking
your mouse at the same location on the screen.
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Types of Touch Technologies
There are mainly Four types of touch Technologies:-
1.Resistive
2. Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)
3. Capacitive
4. Infrared
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1. Resistive
A resistive touch screen panel is composed
of several layers, the most important ofwhich are two thin, metallic, electrically
conductive layers separated by a narrow gap.
When an object, such as a finger, presses
down on a point on the panel's outer surfacethe two metallic layers become connected at
that point.
This causes a change in the electrical
current, which is registered as a touch event
and sent to the controller for processing. It is
used in Grocery Stores, Hotels, Restaurants
and Retail Stores.
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Advantages&Disadvantages of Resistive
Cost-effective solution
Activated by any stylus
Very accurate
Low power requirements
Liquids won't affect touch
screen performance
Polyester surface can be
damaged
Lower endurance (35million touches)
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2. Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technologyuses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touch screen panel.
When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed.
This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the position of
the touch event and sends this information to
the controller for processing.
SAW touch screen technology is suggested for use in ATMs,
Amusement Parks, Gaming Environments, Industrial Control
Rooms etc.
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Advantages&Disadvantages of SAW
Durable glass construction
High optical clarity
Activated by a finger, gloved
hand, or soft tip stylus
Moving liquids or
condensation can cause false
touches
Solid contaminants createnon-touch areas until removed
Doesn't support drag or draw
effectively
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3. Capacitive
A capacitive touch screen panelconsists of an insulator such
as glass, coated with a
transparent conductor such
as indium tin oxide (ITO).
As the human body is also a
conductor, touching the surface of
the screen results in a distortion of
the body's electrostatic field,
measurable as a change
in capacitance.
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Advantages& Disadvantages of Capacitive
Scratch resistant, durable
surface
High endurance (225million touches)
Very accurate
Good optical clarity
Liquids doesn't affecttouch screen performance
Does not work with
gloved fingers or stylus
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4. Infrared
An infrared touch screen uses an array
of X-Y infrared LEDs and photo
detector pairs around the edges of the
screen to detect a disruption in the
pattern of LED beams.
Infra-red bezels have proven to be a
very reliable technology for use in
ATMs, Medical Instrumentation andTransportation, Tracking applications.
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Advantages & Disadvantages of Infrared
Touch Screen
Highest quality of underlying
image
Excellent anti-glare, with use of
chemically etched glass Can be activated with almost any
device
Higher accuracy than other
technologies Very high durability and
reliability
Surface obstructions can
cause a false touch
It is very sensitive and can
be activated by straytouches.
Low resolution
Parallax problems
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Touch Screen Technology Comparison Chart
Resistive Infrared SAW Capacitive
Touch
Resolution
High High Average High
Clarity Average Good Good Good
Operation Finger or Stylus Finger or Stylus Finger or Soft-
tipped Stylus
Finger only
Durability Can be
Damaged by
Sharp Objects
Highly Durable Susceptible to
Dirt and
Moisture
Highly durable
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Manufacturers
Apple Inc. was the first companywhich introduce the touch phone and
after that Nokia come into existence
with their Nokia 7710.
Now a days the big companies like
Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson,
Motorola, Blackberry are making
touch screen technology.
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Applications of Touch Screens
Informational kiosks
Trade show displays
Museum / tourism displays
Point-of-sale terminals
Restaurant systemsEmployee time clocks
Industrial process controls
World Wide Web access kiosks
Home automation systems
Casino and other gaming systems
Computer access for the physically disabled
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Advantages & Disadvantages
of
all Touch Technologies
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Advantages
A touch screen is easy to use (as the user simply touches what
he or she sees on the display).
Save space as no buttons are required.
Touching a visual display of choices requires little thinking
and is a form of direct manipulation that is easy to learn.
Touch screens are the fastest pointing devices with easier hand
eye coordination than buttons.
Touch screens are durable in public access and in high volume
usage.
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Disadvantages
Screen has to be really big not to miss things when pressing
them with your finger.
Big screen leads to low battery life.
Touch screens cant be read too well in direct sunlight as it
applies an additional not 100% transparent touch panel.
Touch screen devices usually has no additional keys and this
means when an app crashes, without crashing the OS, you cant
get to the main menu as the whole screen becomes unresponsive.
Screens get very dirty.
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Future
If we're among those who think that touch screen phones are only available on
high-end devices, think again! Gartner Inc estimates that the global market for
touch screen mobiles will cross 362.7 million units in 2010, a 96.8 per cent
increase from the 184.3 million units sold in 2009. And by 2013, touchscreen
mobiles will account for 58 per cent of all global mobile sales, and more than 80
per cent in high-end markets, such as North America and Western Europe.
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CLOSING THOUGHTS
Though the touch screen technology contains some limitations itsvery user friendly, fast, accurate, easy for the novices & fun to
operate.
It has been widely accepted and now by just modifying a little it
can replace the mouse and key board completely in near future.
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