DEVELOPMENT OF Secondary Information INTERNATIONAL ... · STANDARDS FOR NANOTECHNOLOGIES Secondary...
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DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR NANOTECHNOLOGIES
Secondary Information Committee 1
4 July 2012
Jeremy Allan JWG1
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Overview of JWG1
JWG1 Terminology and Nomenclature Published 6 Technical Specifications: ISO/TS 27687: 2008 Nano-objects - nanoparticle, nanofibre, nanoplate ISO/TS 80004-1: 2010 Core Terms ISO/TS 80004-3: 2010 Carbon nano-objects ISO/TS 80004-4: 2011 Nanostructured materials ISO/TS 80004-5: 2011 Nano/bio interface ISO/TS 80004-7: 2011 Diagnostics and Therapeutics for healthcare
Published 2 Technical Reports
ISO/TR 11360:2010 Methodology for classification and categorization of nanomaterials
ISO/TR 12802:2010 Model Taxonomic Framework for use in developing vocabularies – Core concepts
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Overview of JWG1
JWG1 Terminology and Nomenclature
Two Technical Specifications progressing to final editing stage: ISO/TS 80004-6: 2012 Nano-object characterization
ISO/TS 80004-8: 2012 Nanomanufacturing processes
One Report in final editing stage: Nano-object Nomenclature Establishing a Framework for Developing Chemical Nomenclature for Selected Nano-Objects
Task Groups: Nano-object Nomenclature Nanocrystalline Cellulose
Nanomedicine
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Overview of JWG1
JWG1 Terminology and Nomenclature
New Programs of work:
Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Indicators (Iran)
Films, Coatings and Membranes (Germany)
Quantum Phenomena in Nanotechnology (Russia)
Plain Language Guide to Nanotechnology Vocabulary (Great Britain)
Pre-work items:
Electrochemical products and systems
Photonic components and systems
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Nanomaterials Classification – Morphological Relationships
Gold Nanoparticles
(spherical)
Gold Nanoparticles (branched)
Nanostructured aggregate (multiple primary subunits of nanosilica)
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nanomaterial
nanotechnology products General terms for particles
nanostructured agglomerate
nanostructured aggregate
fluid nanodispersion
nano-suspension
nano-emulsion
nano-aerosol
collections
nanostructured powder
nanopowder
nano-objects
nanoparticle
nanofibre
nanotube
nanorod
nanowire
nanoplate
quantum dot
nanostructured material
films, coatings, membranes
solid nanofoam
nanocomposite
nanoporous material
nanocoating
particle
aggregate
agglomerate
primary particle
secondary particle
nanoscale nanofunction
material specifications performance standards
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Priorities Review of ISO/TS 27687 (becomes 80004-2)
Terminology and definitions for nano-objects – Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate
Unique terms defined: agglomerate nanotube aggregate nanowire equivalent diameter particle nanofibre quantum dot nanoparticle specific surface area nanoplate mean diameter nanorod ultrafine particle
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Priorities Review of ISO/TS 27687 (becomes 80004-2)
Terminology and definitions for nano-objects – Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate
“nanoscale”
“approximately”
“nano-object”
“nanomaterial”
“nano-enabled product”
“nano-enhanced product”
“nanopowder”
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“The Nanoscale” 1 to 100nm? Submicron? Supranano? “Novel” effects? Inhalable particles?
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4 Nanocomposite adhesive 5 x stronger cf pure adhesive Multichannel nanofibres
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Nanoscale “nanoscale: size range approximately 1 to 100nm” • many phenomena are unique to materials within this range • most quantum effects
De Broglie waves Coulomb blockade Tunnel effect
• some size-dependent physicochemical properties optical (colour, transparency), hardness, reactivity, magnetism “non-linear”, “step-change”, “non-Newtonian”
Some sectors consider “nano” to be well beyond 100nm • some size-dependent physicochemical properties • nanobiotechnology (viruses up to 300nm; dendrimers) • toxicological relevance of particulates up to 15,000nm • “intrinsic” versus “extrinsic” properties • definition revised to address these concerns
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Nanoscale “nanoscale: size range approximately 1 to 100nm”
NOTE 1: Properties that are not extrapolations from a larger size will typically, but not exclusively; be exhibited in this size range. For such properties the size limits are considered approximate.
NOTE 2: The lower limit in this definition (approximately 1 nm) is introduced to avoid single and small groups of atoms from being designated as nano-objects or elements of nanostructures, which might be implied by the absence of a lower limit.
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Nanoscale “nanoscale: size range approximately 1 to 100nm”
NOTE 1: Physical properties and phenomena that are not extrapolations from a larger size will typically, but not exclusively, be exhibited in this size range.
NOTE 2: Fullerenes and graphene are exceptions by derogation
NOTE 3: Biological and EHS issues may require a different size range above the nanoscale
Additional, new term proposed: Bulk Material material of sufficiently large dimensions to have properties independent of size
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Nano-object “nano-object: material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale”
nanoparticle nanofibre nanoplate
Nano-object
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Nano-object “nano-object: discrete material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale”
nanoparticle nanofibre nanoplate
Nano-object
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Nano-object “nano-object: discrete material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale”
Challenges:
• assigning quantitative thresholds for distinguishing among nano-objects which extend well beyond the nanoscale
• determining the point at which nanoparticle should be termed a nanofibre or nanoplate
• describing the “essential structure” e.g. coiled or nested structures which resemble nanoparticle or nanofibre
• definitions for collections (e.g. nanopowder, NOAA)
• use of numerical thresholds requires close attention; some means of justification
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Nano-object “nano-object: discrete material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale”
Results from recent NSW Nanotechnology Survey illustrate the great diversity of nano-objects and nano-object complexes which are currently being used in research and manufacturing
nanospheres, nanocomposites with polymer matrix, nanopowders, nanotubes, nanofilms, nanosuspensions, nanocomposites with ceramic matrix, fluid nanodispersions, nano-emulsions, nanorods, nanoporous
materials, quantum dots, nanomembranes, nanowires, graphene, nanocomposites with metal matrix, nanosheets, nanostructured capsules,
nanobioconjugates, carbon black, fullerenes, nanoribbons, graphite, nanocarriers, nanocapsules, nano-onions, nanoplatelets, nanodiamonds, nanodots, nanocubes, nano-aerosols, viruses, nanoneedles, nano-arrays,
nanopore sensors, stealth nano-objects, zeolites, nanoclusters, polyoxometallates
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Core Terms ISO/TS 80004-1:2010 – Executive Summary Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Part 1: Core Terms
Unique terms defined: engineered nanomaterial nanoscale phenomenon incidental nanomaterial nanoscale property manufactured nanomaterial nanoscience nanomanufacturing nanostructure nanomanufacturing process nanostructured material nanomaterial nanotechnology nano-object nanoscale
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“Nanomaterial” Examination of many proposed and working regulatory definitions
EU Cosmetic Products Regulation EU Recast of the Novel Foods Regulation EU Recommended Definition
French Decree
Health Canada
NICNAS
USA FDA
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“Nanomaterial”
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“Nanomaterial” Examination of many proposed and working regulatory definitions
EU Cosmetic Products Regulation EU Recast of the Novel Foods Regulation EU Recommended Definition – “VSSA”, “natural”
French Decree – “nanoparticle state”
Health Canada – “properties distinguishable from bulk”
NICNAS – “industrial nanomaterial”
USA FDA – likely size range up to 1000nm
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“Nanomaterial” Examination of many proposed and working regulatory definitions
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“Nanomaterial” ISO/TS 80004-1:2010
material with any external dimension in the nanoscale or having internal structure or surface structure in the nanoscale
Importance of performance standards
Nano-enabled product
Nano-enhanced product
Are current performance standards, specification standards and testing methods sufficient?
Compliance standards
Conformance standards
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Nomenclature for Nano-objects
Current Status, Aims and Objectives
1. Official liaison established between ISO and IUPAC
2. Prioritisation of Nano-object classes
3. Aim is to facilitate communication between researchers, industry, regulators
4. Internationally harmonised
5. Chemical nomenclature, but relies on classification system for physical structure
6. A nomenclature system for nano-objects be able to differentiate among morphologies
7. PG11 Technical Report “Framework for chemical nomenclature for selected nano-objects”
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Nomenclature for Nano-objects
90-nm wide ZnO nanocubes aminoalkane cap"2-90H(6)-(Zn,O)-[(Amn,Alk)]-O"
50-nm diameter ZnO elongated nanorod trefoil barbing, no cap"
2-50RA(3)L-(Zn,O)-0-W"
Zinc Oxide"
Zinc Oxide"
Nano-objects with same core chemistry may have an infinite range of physical morphologies, with vastly different properties.
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Nomenclature for Nano-objects
Engagement of nomenclature experts required for high priority nano-object classes
Challenges: • Use of trade names • Entrenched naming conventions • Obtaining consensus among experts • Timeframes for development
PARTITIONED STACKED NANOCONES
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Innovation Indicators
Nanotechnology Indicators
Numerous metrics and forecasting models established surrounding commerce and industry sectors “GDP” medical informatics computer science environmental accounting sustainable development
Measure sectoral performance international benchmarking strategic choices
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Innovation Indicators
(Lux Research, 2005)
Terminology Framework is required for Indicators related to Nanotechnology
• Over 5 years, the number of consumer nanoproducts increased 521% to over 1,317 products (WWICS, March 2011)
“Global sales revenues for nanoproducts”
“Global value of goods incorporating nanotechnology”
Requires standardised terminology
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Innovation Indicators
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Carbon Nano-objects • CNTs – 300 to more than 1000 t/yr (Van Noorden, 2011; Plata, 2009; Sonderer, 2009)
• Expected to double each year; already > 1000 t/yr for SWCNT (Klaine, 2008) • Fullerenes – about 10 t/yr (Sonderer, 2009)
• 90% used in consumer electronics (Sonderer, 2009)
nAg • 300 to over 500 t/yr (O'Brien, 2010; Sonderer, 2009)
• Up to 15% of total silver content in European water (Blaser, 2008)
• Over 950 t/yr (+ 10,000 t/yr CO2) in USA from socks alone (Meyer 2010)
• nTiO2 • 10,000 t/yr (2011 – 2014) increasing to 2,500,000 t/yr by 2025 • 56 t/yr entering tropical reefs alone from sunscreens (Botta, 2011)
• nZnO • 20 – 10,000 t/yr (Sonderer, 2009)
• 328% increase in US agricultural soil (from sludge) 30
Building basic data sets demands enormous effort. Modelling studies have huge uncertainty.
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Innovation Indicators
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Currently no nano-specific classification of occupations, industry sectors, or administrative processes associated with nanomaterials or nanoproducts
Classification of research and commercial entities will need considerable examination
– research organisations with a commercial focus – commercial entities with an R & D division – occupations involving the direct handling of nanomaterials – occupations classified as management units – ABS reviewing ANZSIC and Occupational Codes in 2015
• How to define a “skilled” nanotechnology workforce?
• Nanometrological and nanotoxicological infrastructure capabilities and requirements for industry and research sector
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Main challenges associated with developing terms and definitions for nanotechnology indicators
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Nanomedicine Development of Terminology Framework for nanotechnology applications in human healthcare
Four domains established:
1) Prediction / prevention
2) Diagnosis
3) Treatment - pharmaceutical, surgical, implants - stem cell; regenerative
4) Monitoring
Integrates with work on Nano/bio Interface (TS80004-5)
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Nanocellulose Development of Terminology Framework for Crystalline Nanocellulose
Convened by Canada
• Canada, Finland and USA most active
• Transformative development for multiple industries, particularly forestry/agriculture, pulp and paper sectors
• Opportunities for Australia to contribute to the standardisation process for this sector
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Nanomanufacturing Processes
Nanomanufacturing Processes
Convened by USA
• Over 100 terms and definitions
• Scope currently excludes biological nanomanufacturing processes (or bioprocesses).
• "processing of biomaterials" or "bioprocessing of materials".
• Detailed work on many terms is still required
• Require input to address these broader aspects of nanomanufacturing e.g. supply/value chain relationships, relative efficiency
• Looking for industrial experts to contribute to the final drafting process.
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Films, Coatings and Membranes
New Work Item Proposal on Films, Coatings and Membranes
Currently being developed by Germany
Relevant to multiple industry sectors
Challenging scope - Integrates with work on definitions related to nano-objects
Consideration given to jointly convened Task Group
Need to consider relevant industry sectors
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Films, Coatings and Membranes
New Work Item Proposal on Films, Coatings and Membranes
Cena LG and Peters TM (2011) Characterization and Control of Airborne Particles Emitted During Production of Epoxy/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites, Journal of Occupational and
Environmental Hygiene, 8: 86–92
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Other Sectors, Applications and Domains
Member bodies are encouraged to develop and submit New Work Item Proposals
Industry sectors relevant to Australia which involve nanotechnology
– energy – agriculture – food – water – mineral resources – manufacturing – research – information technology – sport, leisure and entertainment – retail and banking – medical
THANK YOU