Development of international standardized approach for Eco...

Development of international standardized approach for Eco-Industrial Parks

Mr. Smail EL HILALI, UNIDO, Austria

Development of international standardized approach for Eco-Industrial

Parks

Smail ALHILALISIA 2017

15 March 2017

Rabat, Morocco

Definition: Eco-Industrial Park

“… is a community of manufacturing and service businesses located on common property. Members seek enhanced environmental, economic and social performance

through collaboration in managing environmental and resource issues.”(Lowe 1997)

Global spread-out of Eco-Industrial Parks

Source: World Bank, 2015

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Cu

mu

lati

ve n

um

be

r o

f EI

Ps

Non-OECD OECD

Eco-industrial parks: Global Assessment

China 6

Cambodia 2

Colombia 2

Morocco 2

India 6

Egypt 2

Viet Nam 2

South Africa 3

Peru 3

Tunisia 2El Salvador 2

Costa Rica 1

Objective Document and assess EIP and alike developments in developing and

emerging economies: 13 countries, 33 industrial parks, 12 policy assessments

Eco-industrial parks: Global Assessment - Findings

EIP is a valid approach for scaling up resource efficiency and cleaner

production in industrial zones in developing and emerging

economies!

However:

EIPs mean different things to different people

Practice does not yet match ambition

Process based interpretation appears most useful

Good practice elements exist, yet need of a standardized

approach in planning, development and management of

industrial parks.

From Industrial Park towards Eco-Industrial Park

Service Provision

Stakeholder Engagement

Key components of Eco-Industrial Parks

Company level

resource

efficiency and

cleaner

production

Industrial

symbiosis

and synergies

Collective park

level

infrastructure

and utility

services

Spatial

planning and

zoning

Park

management

Integration with

local community

and natural

environment

Material use - Energy - Water

Waste - Emissions

Key Components of Eco-Industrial Parks

Development stage

Fully developed(Brownfield)

Not yet developed(Greenfield)

Park area

Large area(> 1000 ha)

Small area(< 200 ha)

Industry sectors

Companies from multiple sectors

Companies from one or

few sectors

Technology development

High tech

Low tech

Type of activity

Production & manufacturing

Commercial services

Specific mission

Definedresource recovery

services

Not clearly defined

Intensity ofcollaboration

High intensity of collaboration

Low intensity of collaboration

Defined industrial area

Dedicated industrial zone

Integrated industrial-urban

area

Different Types of Eco-Industrial Parks

Waste ManagementRecycling industriesEnvironmental servicesEnergy servicesCorporate Social Responsibility

Industrial Park levelCity level

Collective RECP solutions

Operation & Management of: Common Infrastructures Resources Supply (Water,

Energy, Materials) Environmental & Social

Services

Individual RECP solutions

Resource Efficiency & Cleaner Production: Materials efficiency Water efficiency Energy efficiency

Industrial SymbiosisUrban Symbiosis

Eco-Industrial Parks and sustainable cities

Company level

Eco industrial park benefits for cities and industries

Reduced use of raw materials, water and energy

Minimized GHG emissions, reduced release of chemicals

Reduced waste through resource circularity

Shared recycling facilities

Improved competitiveness and profitability

Creation of good-quality jobs

Improved workers health and safety

Increased quality of life for communities

Better access to new technologies and finances

Beneficiaries

Environment

Industries Cities

Authorities

Eco industrial parks: towards a standardized approach“… need for process standards for all industrial parks and performance standards for eco-industrial parks”

Joint cooperation Towards a common framework

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Time-line of joint cooperation

EIP: Performance Assessment Scheme Work in Progress

Compliance with national regulations

An Eco-Industrial Park, as a collective entity and its residing companies, should be in compliance with all national and local level laws, regulations and standards that are set in scope of environmental and social management.

In general, the compliance provisions are explicitly detailed in the environmental and social impact assessment of the industrial park

The compliance with national regulations is the baseline for an industrial park to apply for becoming an eco-industrial park.

It is recognised that compliance and enforcement levels can vary between countries. Therefore, in countries where regulatory frameworks have not yet fully matured, compliance refers also international conventions applicable to the park and its residing companies.

Examples of compliance regimes

National regulations on environment National regulations on social aspects

• Air emission limits (e.g. SOx, NOx, particulate matter);

• Water discharge limits (e.g. heavy metals, COD, BOD, pH);

• Waste management (e.g. labeling, storage, contaminants, treatment requirements, hazardous waste handling restrictions);

• Noise limits (e.g. maximum and ambient noise levels in Decibels);

• Protection of natural environments and biodiversity (e.g. sensitive marine environments, native forests, flora and fauna);

• Labour laws/regulations (e.g. working hours, child labour);

• Occupational Health and Safety (e.g. protective clothing and equipment, safety features of machines);

• Human rights (including women rights);

• Protection of indigenous people (e.g. Traditional, Tribal and other land-connected people);

• Anti-corruption (e.g. access to information, accountability, bribery, conflict of interest);

• Violence and crime prevention (e.g. cybercrimes, theft, violence against women, children, elderly);

EIP: Performance Assessment Scheme

Key components and requisites of Eco-Industrial Parks:

i) Park management structure;

ii) Spatial planning and zoning;

iii) Company level resource efficiency and cleaner production;

iv) Industrial symbiosis and synergies;

v) Shared utility services, environment and social infrastructures;

vi) Integration with local community and natural environment.

Economic, environmental, social performance criteria:

• Performance impacts refer to beneficial or adverse changes to the environment, society, economy, wholly or partially resulting from industrial park activities including park management and companies operating in the park.

EIP key components and requisites

Assessment Topics Sub-topics

Components and requisites

Park management structure Distinct park management unit, risk, accident, incident management, stakeholder dialogue, knowledge sharing and facilitation between companies, maintenance management, establishment of companies in park, training

Spatial planning and zoning Location of industrial park, Master Plan, land allocation to integrated and shared facilities, service and utility corridors

Company level resource efficiency and cleaner production

Company level efforts and commitment

Industrial symbiosis and synergies Industrial synergies, industry clustering, anchor tenants

Shared utility services, environment and social infrastructures

Essential infrastructure and utilities, public transport, road network

Integration with local community and natural environment

Holistic and integrated process

Work in Progress

EIP Economic performance


Economic performance

Feasibility Market demand

Competitiveness Long-term economic diversity, transformation of markets/sectors/technologies

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME)

Development of MSMEs, informal sector

Investment and incentives Investment ready park for companies, incentives for green and sustainable industries

Work in Progress

EIP Environment performance


Environmental performance

Management and monitoring systems Environment management system, energy management system

Energy Energy efficiency, renewable energy

Climate change and greenhouse gases Carbon intensity, climate change adaptation

Water Water supply, water treatment, water circularity

Materials use Dangerous and toxic materials, use of locally and responsibly produced materials

Waste Waste management, waste generation, waste and by-products reuse

Natural environment Native vegetation, reticulation, natural drainage systems, open space

Built form Building standards

Subdivision works Construction materials, earthworks

Work in Progress

EIP Social performanceAssessment Topics Sub-topics

Social performance

Management and monitoring systems Social data management system, OH&S management system

Employment Local jobs, type of employment, housing for workers

Grievance management Petition and complaints

Working and labour conditions Working hours, trade Unions and NGOs, road and traffic safety, rest and lunch-time areas for workers

Gender equality Gender equity, gender needs, entrepreneurship, maternity leave

Security and crime Park security

Social infrastructure Social infrastructure for workers, social infrastructure for local community

Local community well-being and outreach Community services, resettlement of communities

Culture and heritage Heritage sites, historical names

Work in Progress

EIP: Bronze, Silver & Gold requirements

Aim: to achieve a balance between developing a meaningful level of requirements and indicators that can appropriately distinguish genuine Eco-Industrial Parks from “traditional” or poorly performing industrial parks.

Structure of the requirements:

Topics: key topics and sub-topics which are considered relevant as components/ requisites of Eco-Industrial Parks and their environmental, social and economic performance.

Criteria: performance indicators for each of the (sub-) topics, including clarification if the indicator is applicable to greenfield and/or brownfield industrial park.

Requirements: minimum (bronze level), silver and gold performance level requirements for each indicator.

Work in Progress

Defining the specific requirements for EIPs

Focus on key environmental, social, and economic impacts, rather than focusing on very detailed requirements which may differ per industrial park

Key focus on “compliance +” types of indicators as compliance with national and local regulations should be the minimum requirements for all industrial parks

Aim for maximum three indicators per (sub-) topic in order to keep indicator set practical and manageable

Include indicators which can be monitored, managed or influenced by the park management or companies in the industrial park

Consider data availability, measurability and confidentiality. Indicators should not extensively burden the park operator entity or companies

Achieve a balance of qualitative and quantitative indicators

Work in Progress

EIP: Bronze level

Topic

(EIP components and

requisites)

Sub-topic Greenfield and/or

brownfield?

Situations when indicator may

not be applicable

Performance indicator MINIMUM

REQUIREMENT?

(EIP - BRONZE)

Distinct park

management unit

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions A distinct unit is responsible for the management of the industrial park.

• Managing the industrial park property

• Managing the group of companies in park

• Engagement with park stakeholders

Yes

Risk, accident, incident

management

Brownfield No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place on risk, accident, and incident management in park

• Based on Plan-Do-Check-Act management system principles

• Including monitoring risks, accidents and incidents

• Including emergency preparedness, response plan, and practice drills

• Covering risks, hazards and emergencies to people and environment

• Including engagement with key external stakeholders (e.g. emergency services, local government agencies)

Yes

Stakeholder dialogue Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions A dedicated unit/personnel engages in stakeholder consultations including local citizens, government officials, workers and company

representatives to take on board respective goals and visions and serves in an advisory function to the management

• Formalised stakeholder dialogue processes for government agencies and local community are in place for park planning and operation

Yes

Knowledge sharing and

facilitation between

companies

Brownfield No exclusions Park management to pro-actively facilitate knowledge sharing and collaboration between companies in industrial park

• E.g. Resource efficiency and cleaner production, industrial synergies

Yes

Maintenance

management

Brownfield No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place to maintain the facilities and infrastructures in the industrial park, and financing for these services is

ensured

Yes

Company level efforts

and commitment

Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which are committed and engaged in resource efficiency and cleaner production (or related practices

and concepts)

25%

Industrial synergies Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which are engaged in industrial synergies

• Supply chain, utility, by-product and service synergies

10%

Industry clustering Greenfield No exclusions Master Plan of industrial park incorporates zone clustering of industries to encourage industrial synergy development


Yes

Integration with local

community and natural

environment

Holistic and integrated

process

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Industrial park applies holistic planning and design principles integrating environmental, social and economic issues

• Detailed planning process that considers equally environmental, social and economic issues from beginning

Yes

Location of industrial

park

Greenfield No exclusions A site selection study has been undertaken to select optimal location of industrial park which meets economic development objectives

while also considering risks to the environment and society

Yes

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions A Master Plan for industrial park has been developed which includes following core elements:

• Land zoning and industry precincts

• Infrastructure and utilities

• Transport network

• Environmental and social considerations

Yes

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Master Plan of Industrial park incorporates industry precincts and appropriate buffer zones to minimise risks to environment and local

community

• E.g. Appropriate safe location of industries with higher risk profile in park

• E.g. Avoid co-locaton of incompatible industries next to each other

Yes

Essential infrastructure

and utilities

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Essential infrastructures and utility services are available and provided to companies in industrial park

• Security of energy and water supply (e.g. at least for 5 days per week)

• Water treatment to dispose industrial effluent below regulated thresholds

• Waste facilities to properly collect, store, dispose, recycle different types of wastes generated in park

• Primary road network to service industries in park

Yes

Connectivity Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Industrial park offers good connectivity to relevant transportation routes and networks (e.g. highways, airport, port facilities) Yes

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Percentage of businesses to be within 1 kilometer of public transport route 50%

Collective park level

infrastructure and utility

services

Company level resource

efficiency and cleaner

production

(SUB) TOPICS CRITERIA REQUIREMENTS

Park management

structure

Master plan

Industrial symbiosis and

synergies

Spatial planning and

zoning

Public transport

Topic Sub-topic Greenfield and/or

brownfield?

Situations when

indicator may not be

applicable


REQUIREMENT?

(EIP - BRONZE)

Market demand Greenfield No exclusions A feasibility and market demand study has been undertaken to justify the planning and development of

industrial park

Yes

Long-term economic

diversity

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place to attract and support industries to industrial park that will generate long term

diversified economic benefits to the region

Yes

Development of

MSMEs

Brownfield No exclusions Strategy in place to attract Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) to industrial park and take advantage

of the added-value services and facilities of Eco-Industrial Parks

Yes

CRITERIA REQUIREMENTS

Feasibility

(SUB) TOPICS

Competitiveness

Micro, Small, and

Medium Enterprises

(MSME)


brownfield?


not be applicable


REQUIREMENT?

(EIP - BRONZE)

Brownfield No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place to collect, monitor, and manage key environmental aspects and impacts relevant to industrial

park

• Natural environment and biodiversity: Pollution hazards, biodiversity, landscaping, drainage

• Waste: Types, amounts, and disposal of wastes produced by companies in park, listing of waste types and designated

disposal practices to assist the identification of by-product connections both within and outside the park.

• Energy: Types and amounts of energy use by companies in park

• Water: Types and amounts of water use by companies in park

• Air emissions: Types and concentrations of air pollutants (e.g. CO, NOx, SO2, PM)

• Dust, noise, odour and light nuisances

Yes

Brownfield No exclusions All companies with significant (potential) environmental impacts and all companies with more than 250 employees in the park

to be certified by ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standard

No

Brownfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to set and achieve targets on energy efficiency for the industrial park, including supporting

programs to improve energy efficiencies of tenant companies

Yes

Brownfield No exclusions Total renewable energy use in industrial park relation to national average energy mix At least equal

Climate change

adaptation

Greenfield and

brownfield

Parks which are not

significantly vulnerable to

climate change impacts

Critical infrastructure and services identified and in place for industial park to protect against climate change impacts

• E.g. River embankment, flood protection structures

Yes

Water supply Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Total water demand from companies in industrial park does not have significant negative impact on local water sources or

local communities

• E.g. Extraction from local water sources (e.g. rivers, groundwater) occurs at sustainable levels

Yes

Water treatment Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of manufacturing and processing companies in park that are connected to water treatment and sewer system 50%

Water circularity Brownfield Industrial parks with only light

manufacturing

Percentage of industrial efffuents from companies in park which are reused responsibly within or outside industrial park

• E.g. Reuse by other companies, surround municipalities, irrigation

5%

Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of industrial by-products generated by companies in park which are reused

• Reuse by other companies, neighbouring communities or municipalities

5%

Waste disposal Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of total wastes generated by companies in industrial park going to landfills

• MSW, recyclables, C&D waste, organic waste, industrial by-products, hazardous waste

< 25%

Native vegetation Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Percentage of landscaping in industrial park utilising indigenous native vegetation 50%

Reticulation Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Percentage of landscaping in industrial park utilising fit-for-purpose water sources (non-potable water) 50%

Natural drainage

systems

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to optimise and maintain natural drainage systems in industrial park Yes

Open space Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Percentage of total area of industrial park allocated to open space

• Drainage areas, biodiversity corridors, conservation areas, recreation areas

2%

Energy

Renewable energy


Management and

monitoring systems

Water

Environment

management systems

Climate change and

greenhouse gases

Energy efficiency

Waste

Natural

environment

Waste and by-products

reuse


brownfield?

Situations when indicator

may not be applicable


REQUIREMENT?

(EIP - BRONZE)

Social management

system

Brownfield No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place to collect, monitor, and manage key social aspects and impacts relevant to industrial park

• OH&S: Number and handling injuries, number near miss reports, number of reported accidents ending up with fatalities,

occupational diseases

• Employment: Total number of jobs, including local jobs

• Grievance management: Short and long-term grievances

• Working and labour conditions

• Gender equity: gender balance

• Security and crime

• Local community well-being

• Road and traffic safety

Yes

OH&S management

system

Brownfield No exclusions All companies in industrial park with more than 250 employees to have an OH&S management system in place (based on

ISO18001 standard) and keep records on rates of injury, occupational diseases and total number of work-related fatalities

Yes

Local jobs Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of total workers employed in industrial park, who are residents of local surrounding municipalities 40%

Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of grievances handled / resolved in relation to total number of grievances submitted to companies and park

management

• Including short-term and long-term grievances

25%

Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in industrial park with code of conductin place to deal with grievances 25%

Working hours Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Maximum 9 hours working schedule per employee per day for all companies in industrial park Yes

Trade Unions and NGOs Brownfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to encourage Trade Unions and NGOs through open policies and non-discrimination in

industrial park

Yes

Rest and lunch-time areas

for workers

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Percentage of companies within 500 meters of small rest / recreational areas (e.g. lunch) 25%

Gender equity Brownfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to address gender equality of workers in park

• E.g. Hiring procedures, comparable pay, selection procedures for trainings and events

Yes

Primary social

infrastructure for workers

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Provision of critical social infrastructure in park for workers in park

• E.g. Medical services, lavatories, transportation access

Yes

Community services Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which engages in at least one (1) community service activity annually and has respective

documentation maintained

20%

Resettlement of

communities

Greenfield Industrial parks where

resettlement is not needed

A resettlement plan in place for local communities, including fair compensation Yes

Heritage sites Greenfield and

brownfield

Regions where there are no

historically significant names

Percentage of retained names of historical significance (e.g. roads, suburbs, pioneers) 25%

Historical names Greenfield and

brownfield


listed heritage sites

Program/mechanism in place to optimise retention of listed heritage sites in industrial park Yes

Gender equity

Social

infrastructure

Culture and

heritage

Local community

well-being and

community

outreach

REQUIREMENTS

Employment

Management and

monitoring

systems

Working and

labour conditions

(SUB) TOPICS CRITERIA

Grievance

management

Petition and complaints

Key components and requisites

Economic criteria

Environment criteria

Social criteria

Work in Progress

EIP Silver and Gold levels

Topic

(EIP components and

requisites)

Sub-topic Greenfield and/or

brownfield?


not be applicable

Performance indicator EIP - Silver EIP - Gold

Establishment of

companies in park

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Functioning system(s) in place to facilitate the establishment of new companies into industrial park

• Determine optimal location based on infrastructure/service needs, risk profile, industrial synergies

Yes Yes

Training Brownfield No exclusions Park management provides fit-for-purpose training services to companies

• E.g. Waste management, cleaner production, health and safety procedures

Yes Yes

Company level efforts

and commitment

Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which are committed and engaged in resource efficiency and cleaner production (or related practices

and concepts)

50% 75%

Industrial synergies Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which are engaged in industrial synergies


25% 50%

Anchor tenants Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions System(s) in place to facilitate optimal and synergistic mix of companies in industrial park, including anchor tenants which can attract

synergistic companies

Yes Yes

Land allocation to

shared and integrated

facilities

Greenfield No exclusions Sufficient land is allocated in industrial park to meet demand for integrated and collective utilities

• E.g. Water supply and treatment, cogeneration, waste and off-gas processing

Yes Yes

Service and utility

corridors

Greenfield Industrial parks with only light

manufacturing

Master plan of industrial park optimises percentage of lots with direct access to service and utility corridors No Yes

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Percentage of businesses to be within 1 kilometer of public transport route 75% 90%

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Industrial park optimises mode competitiveness for public transport Yes Yes

Greenfield No exclusions Master Plan of industrial park incorporates road network with lowest vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) No Yes

Greenfield Industrial parks which do not

have heavy vehicle movements

Master Plan of industrial park incorporates minimises number of 90 degrees turns for heavy vehicles to access freeway network No Yes

Road network

Collective park level

infrastructure and utility

services

Company level resource

efficiency and cleaner

production


Park management

structure

Industrial symbiosis and

synergies

Spatial planning and

zoning

Public transport


brownfield?

Situations when

indicator may not be

applicable


Transformation of

markets, sectors,

technologies

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Strategy and/or system(s) in place to assist industrial parks and its tenant companies with adapting to rapidly

changing markets, sectors, and technologies

• E.g. Industry 4.0, big data and internet of things, mobility systems, 3D printing, product service systems

Yes Yes

Informal sector Greenfield and

brownfield

Regions where informal

industrial is not an issue

Functioning system(s) in place to facilitate transformation of informal industrial areas to formalised industrial

park with suitable services and infrastructures

• Informal industrial areas may offer short-term benefits to companies in developing countries, but create long-

term problems on economic, environmental, and social development

No Yes

Investment ready park

for companies

Greenfield No exclusions Industrial park is “investment ready” for companies to locate and operate in the park

• Essential infrastructures, utilities, and services are ready to be used by companies

• No uncertainties for companies with regards to access to water, energy, roads, service corridors, etc

Yes Yes

Incentives for green

and sustainable

industries

Brownfield No exclusions Incentive system(s) in place for companies in park that perform beyond environmental and social compliance

• Financial incentives (e.g. grants, fee exemptions)

• Non-financial incentives (e.g. reduced reporting, promotion and visibility)

No Yes

CRITERIA REQUIREMENTS

Investment and

incentives

(SUB) TOPICS

Competitiveness

Micro, Small, and

Medium Enterprises

(MSME)

Economic criteria

Key components and requisites


brownfield?


not be applicable


Brownfield No exclusions All companies with significant (potential) environmental impacts and all companies with more than 250 employees in the park

to be certified by ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standard

Yes Yes

Energy management

systems

Brownfield No exclusions Companies whose total energy consumption is more than 100 Terajoules (TJ) are certified under ISO 50001 Energy

Management Standard

Yes Yes

Brownfield No exclusions Electricity use (kWh) in park management's administrative buildings per employee per year TBC TBC

Brownfield No exclusions Total renewable energy use in industrial park relation to national average energy mix 5% better 10% better

Greenfield No exclusions Park land planning to allow for development of on-site renewable energy facilities (e.g. wind, biomass, geothermal, solar,

hydro) over time to meet energy demand of companies operating in park

Yes Yes

GHG emissions Brownfield No exclusions Carbon footprint calculations have been undertaken for industrial park and reduction targets are set yearly Yes Yes

Water treatment Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of manufacturing and processing companies in park that are connected to water treatment and sewer system 70% 100%

Water circularity Brownfield Industrial parks with only light

manufacturing

Percentage of industrial efffuents from companies in park which are reused responsibly within or outside industrial park

• E.g. Reuse by other companies, surround municipalities, irrigation

15% 30%

Dangerous and toxic

materials

Brownfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to reduce the use of dangerous and toxious materials by companies in the park

• Explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizing substances, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive

material, corrosives

Yes Yes

Use of locally and

responsibly produced

materials

Brownfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to promote and encourage the use of locally and responsibly produced materials by companies

in the park

• Process and non-process raw materials

No Yes

Brownfield No exclusions Sum of waste reuse, recovery and recycling by all companies in park is greater than disposed waste amounts

• MSW, recyclables, organic waste, industrial by-products

Yes Yes

Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of industrial by-products generated by companies in park which are reused

• Reuse by other companies, neighbouring communities or municipalities

15% 30%

Waste disposal Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of total wastes generated by companies in industrial park going to landfills

• MSW, recyclables, C&D waste, organic waste, industrial by-products, hazardous waste

10% 0%

Native vegetation Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Percentage of landscaping in industrial park utilising indigenous native vegetation 75% 100%

Reticulation Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Percentage of landscaping in industrial park utilising fit-for-purpose water sources (non-potable water) 75% 100%

Open space Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Percentage of total area of industrial park allocated to open space

• Drainage areas, biodiversity corridors, conservation areas, recreation areas

5% 10%

Building standards Brown/Greenfield No exclusions A set of guiding principles for commercial/industrial buldings in place that reflect the achievement of a level similar to a Green

Star building

• Energy and environment, indoor environmental quality, materials and resources

No Yes

Construction materials Greenfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to maximise feasible recycled content in road base, concrete, and other construction materials Yes Yes

Earthworks Greenfield No exclusions Program/mechanism in place to maximise use of existing land and soils (e.g. overburden, topsoil) and minimise earthworks,

and maximise reuse of excavation material

Yes Yes

Energy

Renewable energy


Materials use

Management and

monitoring systems

Built form

Subdivision works

Water

Environment

management systems

Climate change and

greenhouse gases

Energy efficiency

Waste

Natural

environment

Waste and by-products

reuse

Environment Criteria


brownfield?

Situations when indicator

may not be applicable


Local jobs Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of total workers employed in industrial park, who are residents of local surrounding municipalities 60% 80%

Type of employment Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of total company workers in industrial park employed through permanent contracts

• Permanent versus temporary employment

50% 75%

Housing for workers Greenfield and

brownfield

Regions where housing

quality is not a significant

issue

Presence of quality standards for housing of employees within or close to the industrial park

• Standards relates to building structure, basic facilities, space, thermal Environment, illumination, access to electricity, water

supply and effluent disposal

Yes Yes

Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of grievances handled / resolved in relation to total number of grievances submitted to companies and park

management

• Including short-term and long-term grievances

50% 90%

Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in industrial park with code of conductin place to deal with grievances 50% 90%

Rest and lunch-time areas

for workers

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Percentage of companies within 500 meters of small rest / recreational areas (e.g. lunch) 50% 90%

Gender needs Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Presence of facilities in park addressing differentiated needs of men and women and their cultures

• E.g. toiletries, praying areas, canteens

Yes Yes

Entrepreneurship Brownfield No exclusions Provision of services focusing on empowering women

• E.g. Women’s entrepreneurship, trainings, credit lines

No Yes

Maternity leave Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Provision of maturnity leave to workers in the park with minimum of 2 months Yes Yes

Park security Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Provision of fit for purpose security systems and services in park

• Appropriate lighting systems in and around park

• Visitor induction forms

• Un-authorized public access to be avoided by security control

• Appropriate fencing around industrial park

• CCTV systems

Yes Yes

Secondary social

infrastructure for workers

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Provision of social infrastructure in or nearby park to improve working conditions of workers

• E.g. local shops, banking facilities

Yes Yes

Social infrastructure for

local community

Greenfield and

brownfield

No exclusions Provision of social infrastructure in or nearby park for local community

• E.g. Medical services, lavatories, shops, transportation access, banking facilities, child care facilities

No Yes

Community services Brownfield No exclusions Percentage of companies in park which engages in at least one (1) community service activity annually and has respective

documentation maintained

40% 60%

Heritage sites Greenfield and

brownfield


historically significant names

Percentage of retained names of historical significance (e.g. roads, suburbs, pioneers) 50% 80%

Gender equity

Security and

crime

Social

infrastructure

Culture and

heritage

Local community

well-being and

REQUIREMENTS

Employment

Working and

labour conditions

(SUB) TOPICS CRITERIA

Grievance

management

Petition and complaints

Social Criteria

Work in Progress

Specific examples on EIP indicators

Topic Criteria / indicator Bronze Level Silver Level Gold Level

Park management structure

A distinct unit is responsible for the management of the industrial park.

Yes Yes Yes

Industrial symbiosis and synergies

Percentage of companies in park which are engaged in industrial synergies (utility, by-product, service synergies)

10% 25% 50%

Renewable energyTotal renewable energy use in industrial park relation to national average energy mix

At least equal 5% better 10% better

Water circularityIndustrial effluents from companies in park which are reused responsibly within or outside industrial park

5% 15% 30%

Transformation of markets, sectors, technologies

Strategy or system(s) in place to assist industrial parks and its tenant companies with adapting to rapidly changing markets, sectors, and technologies• E.g. Industry 4.0, product service systems

No Yes Yes

Work in progress

Benefit of EIP guideline to target stakeholders

Serve as an international standard and create common understanding of Eco-Industrial Parks

Inform investment decisions, funding allocation and due diligence studies

Identify improvement opportunities in design and planning of new industrial parks and optimise existing industrial parks

Monitor and assess operational performance of existing industrial parks and tenant companies

Access subsidies or funding

Gain recognition and build market profile

Serve as a practical framework to support decision making within their own organization

Park operators and

management

Park tenants

(business)

Governments and

regulatorsFinancial sector and

funding agencies

International

development agencies

China: 1 Industrial park, 10 Companies

Colombia: 1 Industrial park20 Companies

India:4 Industrial parks40 Companies

South Africa: 2 Industrial parks40 Companies

Viet Nam: 4 Industrial parks60 Companies

Peru:2 Industrial parks20 Companies

Morocco:1 Industrial park10 Companies

Target beneficiaries:15 industrial parks200 companies

EIP Performance assessment scheme: Testing and lessons learnt from on-going projects

Conclusions

Eco-Industrial Parks offer an integrated approach to drive and scale up efforts by the private and public sectors on their sustainable industrial development efforts

To scale up, it is important to promote a common understanding on Eco-Industrial Parks and develop an international applicable and practical set of requirements

Based on international experiences, important to consider key success factors for the development of Eco-Industrial Parks:

Widespread support and participation from industries, government, community;

Sound financial and logistical planning is fundamental to meet stakeholder requirements;

Realization of successful EIPs is dependent on proven technology, convincing business case, and license to operate (e.g. government approvals).

Smail AlhilaliProgramme ManagerDepartment of EnvironmentUNIDO, Vienna, [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.unido.org/

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