Development of diatom indicators for assessing inland waters · Development of diatom indicators...
Transcript of Development of diatom indicators for assessing inland waters · Development of diatom indicators...
within the WATERS project
Development of diatom
indicators for assessing
inland waters
Hafok AB
Coordinated by: Funded by:
Partners:
Maria Kahlert
Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences - SLU
Development of diatom
indicators for assessing inland
waters
Maria Kahlert
Leader for WP 4.3 Benthic diatoms, streams and lakes
Maria Kahlert Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment
Hafok AB
Current
SE diatom
method
index calculation: all diatom species
included:
relative abundance [%]
indicator value specific for each species
• sensitivity value: impact
• tolerance value: weight
• classification 1 high
2 good
3 moderate
4 poor
5 bad
Diatom method in Sweden
Main indices Additional indices
IPS
Eutrophication
& Organic
pollution
TDI Eutrophication
%PT Organic pollution
ACID Acidity
IPS: Indice de Polluo-sensibilité Spécifique (Cemagref 1982)
%PT: Pollution Tolerant Valves (Kelly 1998)
TDI: Trophic Diatom Index (Kelly 2008)
ACID: ACidity Index for Diatoms (Andrén & Jarlman 2007)
Used for assessment of acidity
(not acidification)
Used for classification of
ecological status
WATERS WP 4.3 Benthic
diatoms, streams and lakes
• Development of lake method
• Detection of impact of toxins (malformations)
• Reference diatom assemblages, steering factors
• Fast assessment of other benthic algal groups
Lake method
• The stream diatom method can be applied in lakes as well, despite some differences in diatom assemblage composition
• Benthic diatoms reflect lake water chemistry at least equally good as plankton
Steffi Gottschalk
ACHD
ACHD
AMPH
AMPH
AULA
AULA
BRAC BRAC
ENCP ENCP
EUNO EUNO
FRAG
FRAG
GOMP
GOMP
NAVI
NAVI
NITZ
NITZ
STRS
STRS
TABE TABE
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Streams Lakes
Rela
tive a
bundance (
%)
Eunotia
Frustulia
Tabellaria
Brachysira
Eolimnia
Cocconeis Planothidium
Amphora
Axis
2
Axis
2
Axis 1
Axis 1
A
B Δ Lakes
○ Streams
pH
AC
ID
4 5 6 7 8 90
2
4
6
8
10
LakesStreams
ACID vs. pH
lake ACID = –9.13 + 2.23pH, p = 0.000, r2 = 0.67
stream ACID = –9.2 + 2.26pH, p = 0.000, r2 = 0.74
Fitting was restricted to pH < 8.4
The Swedish diatom indices respond significantly and similarly
log10 (TP) (µg/l)
IPS
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,56
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
LakesStreams
The Swedish diatom indices respond significantly and similarly
IPS vs. total P (TP) (as log10[TP] [µg/L])
lake IPS = 21.18 – 3.18log10(TP) (µg/L), p = 0.000, r2 = 0.55
stream IPS = 22.88 – 4.67log10(TP) (µg/L), p = 0.000, r2 = 0.63
Regression plots of assemblage composition (NMDS axis scores) vs.
phosphorus levels (log total phosphorus in µg L-1) and pH.
phytoplankton
macroinvertebrates
benthic diatoms
pH range: 4,8-8,0
TP range: 2-30 µg/l
Impact of toxins (malformations)
• The impact of toxins is not reflected by the indices
used today
• We found that the amount of deformed diatom
valves can be used as an indicator of the impact of
heavy metals
Ivana Rasic
Preliminär screening metod
now tested in regular
monitoring Kahlert, M. (2012). Utveckling av en
miljögiftsindikator – kiselalger i rinnande vatten.
Länsstyrelsen Blekinge län, Karlskrona, Report
2012:12, 40 pp.
More studies
are needed to
understand the
correlation
toxins-deformations
Reference diatom assemblages
• Following method for the ‘Eastern Canadian Diatom
Index (IDEC)’ (Grenier et al. 2010):
Self-Organizing-Maps (SOM) for classification
• Regional differences in assemblage composition
were rather low
• Diatoms were mainly steered by water chemistry
Isabel Lavoie Institut national de la recherche scientifique,
Québec, Canada
Different diatom communities in
Sweden, steered by pH, TP and
altitude
Axis 1
Axis
2
SOM
123456789101113141516171819202122232425
xmas
vatmarkakerang
skogvelocity
turbid
pHmean
Tot-PTot-N_ps
cond
Axis 1
Axis
2
CA CCA
pH
TP
höjd
Reference communities
Axis 1
Axis
2
SOM25
14578101314151618192021222425
TP
pH
• -
Saxån
(5, 16) Höjeå
(3, 21, 23a)
Nybroån
(10, 11, 12, 18, 20)
Rönneå
(25, 49, 57)
Helgeå
(11B, 24F, 27)
Careful:
A method based on
community
composition does
only work if
different identifiers
have harmonized
their view on
diatom names and
identification!
Fast assessment of algal biomass?
• A new instrument for a fast assessment of
the entire benthic algal community was
tested (BenthoTorch)
• Uses pigment fluorescence
• However, only total biomass can be
assessed.
• Algal groups cannot be
separated.
Brendan McKie
Comparing new and
conventional methods to
estimate benthic algal
biomass and
composition in
freshwaters
Comparison of fluorescence measurement in
situ with conventional analysis of pigments &
microscopical biovolume analysis Latnajaure
Maria Kahlert and Brendan G. McKie Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment
Result algal groups
htt
p:/
/pu
bs.r
sc.o
rg/e
n/c
onte
nt/
art
icle
landin
g/2
014/e
m/c
4em
0032
6h/u
nauth
#!d
ivA
bstr
act
WATERS WP 4.3 Benthic
diatoms, streams and lakes
• Next steps:
Reference diatom assemblages, steering factors
Analysis of the entire Swedish dataset
• Thanks to everyone who contributed to this work!