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![Page 1: Development of a Good Agricultural Practice Approach at FAO by Loretta Sonn, Senior Technical Adviser, FAO Agriculture Department.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051819/551992005503464d068b4686/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Development of aGood Agricultural Practice
Approach at FAO
by Loretta Sonn, Senior Technical Adviser, FAO Agriculture Department
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Challenges• Improve food security, rural livelihoods, income• Satisfy increasing and diversified demands for
safe and nutritious food and other products• Conserve and protect the natural resource base
Commitments• WSSD and SARD - economic, social and
environmental sustainability• World Food Summit Plan of Action• Millennium Development Goals
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Development in the Food and Agriculture Sector
• Demand by consumers, retailers, processors– Food safety, quality, nutrition– Environmental impact of practices
• Supply by farmers who adopt practices– Ensure livelihoods– Conserve natural resource base– Maintain cultural and social values
• Support by governments and institutions– Food safety, trade– Sustainable farming policies– Research, extension, education, credit– Market and institutional infrastructure
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What are GAPs ?
…Understanding the variety of standards that call themselves “GAPs”…
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GAP – History of the concept
• For decades: extension and research guidelines on “good practices”
• More recent trend: GAP in food markets - growing number of “GAP” codes & standards - privatization of standards
• Renewed attention as entry point for food safety & quality in food chain
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Today : proliferation of standards relating to “GAPs”
• Private certification and standards (e.g.: EUREP, retail…)– Market incentives are key– Mainly focus on food safety and quality; impact on product more than on
sustainability– Distinguished or selected groups of farmers
• Public legislation and policies (e.g. : extension, research)– Society-driven – broader sustainability priorities– Lack resources– Local, small farmer-adapted
• Fair trade, organic– Support and capacity building – but limited markets in long term
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Issues
• Too many standards and codes - confusion
• Opportunities, but hard for small farmers to meet standards, not always a price premium
• Different scopes of GAP• Are food safety/quality and food
security/sustainability GAPs compatible or contradictory?
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Role of FAO
• Information role
• Facilitation role (public-private)
• Policy assistance and technical expertise at country level (IPM, conservation agriculture, best water use practices, animal husbandry, agro-ecology, conflict management, supply chains, policy definition, etc)
Supported by: • Vast country presence and Regional offices• Resource mobilization capacity
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Good Agricultural PracticesFAO definition
• “Good Agricultural Practices are environmentally sound, economically viable and socially acceptable, and result in safe and healthy food and non-food agricultural products”= 3 pillars +1
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FAO does and don’ts on GAP(guidance from Member States)
• Voluntary practices : no new intergovernmental standard, no new barriers to trade
• No new demands on resource-poor producers • Consistent with existing regulations (Codex, IPPC,...)
• Share lessons through multi-stakeholder processes and capacity building
• Consider different commodities, agro-ecosystems, and resources of farmers
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Past FAO Activities on a GAP Approach
• Two Electronic Discussions on GAP in context of SARD
• Identification of Preliminary Set of Components
• Debate at FAO Committee on Agriculture (Apr 2003 and 2005)
• GAP Expert Consultation (Nov 2003)• FAO workshop on GAP (Oct 2004)
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11 components of GAP
• Forms 11 groups of agricultural practices
• Identifies hazards to be avoided
• Identifies outcomes to be promoted
= Provides a basis for the development
of codes of practice for individual
agricultural production systems
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Components and related practices• Soil• Water• Crop and fodder production• Crop protection• Animal feed and livestock production• Animal health and welfare• Harvest and on-farm processing and storage• Energy and waste management• Human welfare, health and safety• Wildlife and landscape
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Where to ?• Compare existing GAP-related schemes;
identify country experiences
• Elaborate principles and methodology for tailoring GAP components to a given context
• Multi-stakeholder national and regional processes promoting implementation of locally agreed GAPs
• Capacity building through:– awareness creation (actors in the supply chain;
policy makers)– information: databases, web – field projects– training of trainers and farmer leaders
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Example : Thailand
• FAO project “Strengthening compliance with SPS requirements for fresh fruits and vegetables”
• Analytical study on market standards for safety and quality of fresh fruit and vegetbales
• FAO-Thailand Workshop on « GAP for Fresh Fruit and Vegetables » Bangkok, September 2005 : status, next steps
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Example: Burkina Faso
• Define GAPs for a mixed farming system (cotton-cereal-livestock), not monoculture
• Multistakeholder negotiation– private sector, research, extension, farmers organizations,
government, etc.
• Establish a PROCESS to locally define GAPs in the context of:– stakeholders constraints & incentives, livelihoods– which actors & factors of change in the system influence GAP
adoption• Capacity building of farmers and their organizations
through farmer field schools• Policy mainstreaming of GAP
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Other FAO activities on GAP
• Meat, milk and feed : GAP stakeholders workshop in Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia and others
• Latin America : trainings and training tools on food safety and quality in 2003-2004, electronic conference in 2004
• Asia : sub regional GAP workshops in 2003 and 2005 • Zambia. Study “Linking Smallholders to Supermarkets
– what role for GAP?” • FAO Expert consultation (2003) and workshop (2004)• and many others !
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FAO GAP Website
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FAO GAP Database – Use it !
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FAO GAP Database
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International Portal on Standards
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An open process
• Share with us analytical / normative work and studies• Inform governments, relay their requests for
assistance on GAP• Submit your experiences to GAP database • Read more at
http://www.fao.org/prods/GAP/gapindex_en.htm
Contact : [email protected]@fao.org