Developing Affordable GTR Asphalt Mixes for Local Roadways p… · RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND...
Transcript of Developing Affordable GTR Asphalt Mixes for Local Roadways p… · RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND...
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
1
Developing Affordable GTR
Asphalt Mixes for Local Roadways
Munir D. Nazzal, Ph.D., P.E.
Sang Soo Kim, Ph.D., P.E.
Ala Abbas, Ph.D.
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Acknowledgement
The researchers would like to thank:
� Ohio’s Research Initiative for Locals (ORIL),ODOT, and the FHWA for sponsoring this study.
� The members of Technical Advisory Committee: Mr. Mitch Blackford, Mr. JuanPablo Ascarrunz, Mr. Mike Huber, Dr. Robert Liang, Dr. Rui Liu, Mike Teodecki, Mr. Perry Ricciardi, Mr. James Young, and Mr. Hassan Zahran.
� City of Columbus: Mr. Daniel Johnson, Dr. A. Shafi, Mr. Steve Wasosky, Mr. Ross Kissner, Mr.Richie Dimmerling, and Mr. Luke Stevenson.
� Ms. Vicky Fout for her time and assistance.
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Background
� Ground tire rubber (GTR) has been incorporated in asphalt mixtures to: �Enhance the pavement performance �Reduce environmental impact of pavements
GTR Mixtures Produced Using The Wet Process
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Background
� ODOT has Supplement Specification 887 specifications for GTR asphalt binders and mixtures.
� Although the use of GTR may be beneficial for pavement quality and the environment, the GTR asphalt mixtures were not extensively used In Ohio.
� GTR has been used on approximately 33 local roads and 3 state highways since 2005.
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Objectives
�Evaluate the long-term field performance of GTR
�Compare the life-cycle cost of GTR to traditional asphalt mixtures.
�Examine recent GTR technologies and assess their potential in reducing the initial cost of mixtures.
�Develop draft GTR mix design specifications to be used for local roads.
�Provide recommendations regarding QC/QA criteria for testing and acceptance of GTR mixtures.
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Collect Information & Analyze Data
�All available information for GTR projects constructed in Ohio were collected. The collected information included:
� Pavement information (e.g. layers thickness & traffic)
� GTR asphalt mixtures information & properties
� Problems encountered during construction
� Pavement condition data
� Dates and costs of maintenance/repair activities
�The collected data were analyzed.
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
� All GTR mixtures previously used in Ohio wereproduced using GTR binder from Seneca.
� After 10 years of service, GTR modified pavementsections had good performance.
� The use of GTR binder in place of a polymermodified PG 76-22M binder resulted in increasingthe mixtures price by 10-15%:� Additional cost encountered by asphalt contractor when
using a binder purchased from an asphalt supplier� Using GTR binders had resulted in increasing the
required asphalt binder content by 0.2-0.5%.
Previous GTR Sections: Findings
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
GTR Technologies To Reduce Cost
� A multi-stage procedure was pursued to select the GTR technologies that can reduce the cost and yet can be used to produce a PG 70-22 binder with similar performance to that of a polymer modified binder.
Identify new GTR technologies
Compare Prices of GTR technologies
Evaluate Selected GTR Binders
Evaluate Selected GTR Mixtures
Select Cheapest two GTR
Select Cheapest GTR binder meeting PG-70-22
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Price Comparison (Per Ton)
Asphalt Product PG 70-22 PG 76-22
Seneca Petroleum-GTR asphalt $660 $660
Wright-GTR asphalt $675.00 $675.00
Quantum Polymer -GTR $628.20 $642.70
Lehigh -GTR $582.05 $582.05
Liberty –GTR $561.6 $561.6
ODOT Price Index $665.00 $695.80
SBS-Polymer modified Binder
(Estimated Contactor cost)$629.70 $652.00
Price were estimated based on ODOT asphalt binder price index for Oct. 2014
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Continuous High Temperature Grade
65
70
75
80
85
50 min 24 hours
Hig
h T
em
pe
rau
re G
rad
ing
, °C
GTR Liberty GTR Lehigh GTR Lehigh+Rheopave
PG 64-22 +10%Lehigh GTR PG 64-22 +10%Liberty GTR
PG 64-22 +7%Lehigh GTR+ 0.5%Rheopave (Suspension aid additive)
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Continuous Low Temperature Grade
-34
-32
-30
-28
-26
-24
-22
-20
-18
-1650 min 24 hours
Lo
w T
em
pe
ratu
re G
rad
ing
, °C
GTR Liberty GTR Lehigh GTR Lehigh+Rheopave
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Cigar Tube Test Results
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
GTR Liberty GTR Lehigh GTRLehigh+Rheopave
So
ften
ing
Po
int
°° °°F TOP BOTTOM
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
� Mixture included:
� 47% limestone #8
� 16% natural sand
� 17% limestone
sand
� 20% RAP
Selected Mixture Gradation
25
19
12
.5
9.5
4.7
5
2.3
6
1.1
8
0.6
00
0.3
00
0.1
50
0.0
75
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pe
rce
nt P
assin
g
Sieve Size, mm
City of Dayton, 2013
Selelcted Gradation
Max Density line
Erie County 2011
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Mixtures Properties
Property 70-22MGTR
Liberty*
GTR
Lehigh*
GTR
Lehigh+
Rheopave*
Design air Void (%) 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
Total Asphalt
Binder Content (%)6.1 6.3 6.2 6.2
Virgin Asphalt
Binder Content (%)5.1 5.3 5.2 5.2
*PG 64-22 +10%Liberty GTR
PG 64-22 +10%Lehigh GTR
PG 64-22 +7%Lehigh GTR+ 0.5%Rheopave
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Lab Mixtures Testing
Conduct Laboratory Testing
Fatigue CrackingFatigue CrackingLow Temp CrackingLow Temp Cracking DurabilityDurability RuttingRutting
ACCDACCD AASHTO T283AASHTO T283 APAAPAIDTIDT
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Low Temp. Cracking: ACCD Results
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-1070-22M GTR Liberty GTR Lehigh
GTRLehigh+Rheopave
Cra
ckin
g T
em
pera
ture
, °° °°C
STA LTA
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Fatigue Cracking: IDT Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
PG 70-22M GTR Liberty GTR Lehigh GTRLehigh+Rheopave
ITS
(p
si)
DRY WET
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Durability: AASHTO-T283 Results
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
PG 70-22M GTR Liberty GTR Lehigh GTRLehigh+Rheopave
TS
R
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Rutting : APA Results
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
70-22M GTR Liberty GTR Lehigh GTRLehigh+Rheopave
Rutt
Depth
(m
m)
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Lab Study Findings�The GTR binders prepared using 10% Liberty GTR,
10% Lehigh GTR, or 7% Lehigh GTR and 0.5% Rheopave were the least expensive.
�The binders prepared using Liberty GTR, and Lehigh GTR had a continuous high PG grade higher than 76 °C and a low temperature PG grade lower than -22 °C.
�Mixtures prepared with Lehigh and Liberty GTR modified binders had better resistance to low temperature cracking than those prepared using PG 70-22 polymer modified binder
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Lab Study Findings� In terms of rutting, all GTR mixes had lower rutting
in the APA test and are expected to have better rutting performance than PG 70-22 polymer mixes.
�GTR mixes had slightly higher indirect tensile strength values than those prepared using PG 70-22M polymer modified binder.
�The results of the modified Lottman test (AASHTO T283) indicate that GTR modified mixes had similar moisture damage resistance to those prepared using polymer modified binder meeting PG 70-22M.
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Field Evaluation of GTR Mixes
�Four test sections were constructed in Columbus: � Section 1: SBS polymer modified PG 70-22M mix.
� Section 2: GTR modified binder-Liberty GTR (LI) mix
� Section 3: GTR modified binder-MicroDyne™-400 (LE) mix
� Section 4: GTR modified binder- MicroDyne™-400 GTR and Rheopave (LE-LH) mix
�Two test sections were constructed in Akron:� Section 1: SBS polymer modified PG 70-22M mix.
� Section 2: GTR modified binder- MicroDyne™-400 GTR and Rheopave (LE-LH) mix
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
23
Columbus Test Sections
Test Sections
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Akron Test Sections
24
Test Sections
Section Name DirectionStart
StationEnd Station
Control (SBS Polymer) West Bound 2+00 30+00
Lehigh GTR+ Rheopave East Bound 2+00 30+00
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Construction of Sections
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
COLUMBUS TEST SECTIONS RESULTS
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Relative Compaction
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
Control(NB)
Control(SB)
LE-RH(NB)
LE-RH(SB)
LE(NB)
LE(SB)
LI(NB)
LI(SB)
Rela
tive
Com
paction (
%)
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Binder & Core Sampling Testing
�Three quart samples of the GTR modified asphalt were obtained from the production line at the asphalt plant
� DSR: high temperature grade
� BBR&ABCD: Low temperature grade
�Twelve 6-inch cores were obtained from each test section.
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Core Samples TestingCore Samples Testing
Fatigue CrackingFatigue CrackingLow Temp CrackingLow Temp Cracking DurabilityDurability
ACCDACCD AASHTO T283AASHTO T283SCBSCB
Core Samples Testing
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DSR Testing Results
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
70-22M GTR LIB GTR LEH GTR LEH-RH
G*/
sin
δ (
kP
a)
Testing Temperature: 70 °°°°C
Specification:
G*/sinδ ≥ 1.0
kPa
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BBR Testing Results
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
070-22M GTR LIB GTR LEH GTR LEH+RH
Low
Tem
pert
ure
Gra
de (
°C
)
BBR
ABCD
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AASHTO 283 Test Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
70-22M GTR LIB GTR LEH GTR LEH+RH
ITS
(psi)
DRY WET
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AASHTO 283 Test Results
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
70-22M GTR LIB GTR LEH GTR LEH+RH
TS
R
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
ACCD Test Results
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
070-22M GTR LIB GTR LEH GTR LEH+RH
Cra
ckin
g T
em
pera
ture
, °C
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SCB Test Results
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
70-22M GTR LIB GTR LEH GTR LEH+RH
Fra
ctu
re E
nerg
y (J
/m2)
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SCB Test Results
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
70-22M GTR LIB GTR LEH GTR LEH+RH
FI
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Eight Month Field Evaluations
LEHControl
LEH-RH LIB
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Field Study Preliminary Findings
�All GTR mixtures were produced and compacted in the field without any problems.
�Binders obtained from the production line at the asphalt indicated that all GTR binders met PG70-22 specifications.
�The results of the laboratory tests showed that cores obtained from GTR sections had similar resistance to low-temperature and fatigue cracking as well as to moisture-induced damage as those obtained from the polymer modified PG 70-22M binder.
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RUSS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
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