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Transcript of Determining the Cost of Education in New Jersey NJ Department of Education Presentation before the...
Determining the Cost of Education in New Jersey
NJ Department of EducationPresentation before the Joint
Legislative Committee on Public School Funding Reform
October 24, 2006
1
Background
DOE decided that there was a need to explore new school funding formula
Entered contract with Augenblick, Palaich and Associates (formerly Augenblick & Myers) in 2002
Chose to use two methods to estimate the cost of education
2
Successful School Districts (SSD)
Establish measurable criteria by which districts are deemed successful
Identify districts that meet that criteria Calculate general education
expenditures for districts meeting that criteria
Method should not be used to determine costs of students with special needs
3
Professional Judgment Panels (PJP)
Develop educational goals Construct prototype school districts Have education professionals identify
resources needed to meet educational goals Determine the cost of specified resources Apply costs to all school districts and
calculate weights for special needs students
4
Outline of Discussion
Discussion of Dr. Augenblick’s work with DOE
Summary of final PJP resources Explanation of how cost of PJP
resources were determined Summary of Successful School Districts
analysis Questions
5
Role of Augenblick, Palaich and Associates
Assist DOE in the implementation of two methods for determining cost of education• Provide advice on implementing SSD method
• Facilitate PJP meetings
• Advise DOE personnel in calculating the cost of PJP resources
• Create formulas to calculate foundation amount for all districts and weights for special needs students
6
Five Steps of PJP Implementation
Determine student outcome goals Define prototype districts Convene panel meetings Provide DOE with resources for costing
purposes Translate resource costs into base cost
formulas and special needs weights
7
Step 1 – Determine Outcome Goals
NJ educational goals defined by DOE based on three factors• Core Curriculum Content Standards
• No Child Left Behind AYP requirements
• State specified graduation requirements
8
Step 2 – Define Prototype Districts Review data of school district demographics
• Size
• Student Characteristics Based on review, created six prototype districts
• Two K through 8
• Four K through 12 Allowed for varying rates of low-income and limited
English proficiency students Special education rates consistent across districts
9
Step 3 – Hold Panel Meetings
First meeting included seven DOE staff members
Second meeting included approximately 40 school district representatives divided across five panels
Third meeting included eight school district representatives
10
Brief Summary of PJP Resources
General Education Special Education Limited English Proficiency At-Risk Resources are not intended to be
prescriptive
11
Step 4 – Costing Out
Panel results given to NJ DOE DOE responsible for determining the
cost of PJP resources Provided advice on analytic decisions as
needed
12
Step 5 – Creating Base Cost Formulas and Student Weights
Six base per pupil costs translated into a series of equations used to determine base cost for each school district
Student weights calculated as the ratio of additional cost for special populations relative to base cost
13
Determining the Cost of PJP Resources
Personnel resources specified as FTEs• Certificated staff salaries determined by median salary
in certificated staff data
• Non-certificated staff salaries determined by median salaries in the State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (Bureau of Labor Statistics)
• Benefit rate equals 20 percent of salaries
Non-personnel resources recorded in different terms
14
Additional Cost Adjustments
School level PJP costs used to identify costs associated with grade spans not included in PJP process
Separate cost analysis conducted to identify additional cost of county vocational districts
15
Basic Education Costs in Prototype Districts
Very Small
K - 8
Small
K - 8
Small
K – 12
Mod.
K - 12
Large
K - 12
Very Large
K – 12
Base Cost
$10,057 $7,863 $8,775 $8,215 $8,136 $8,016
Adj. Base Cost
$8,460 $7,223
16
Special Needs Weights
K - 8 K – 12
Special Education
Speech Only 0.46 0.41
Mod. Impairment 1.95 1.45
Severe Impairment 7.39 4.28
Ext. School Year 0.48 0.43
Prek Disabled 3.18 2.80
At-Risk Education 0.63 0.44
LEP 0.81 0.37
17
Other District Adjustments
District Type Additional Weight
Grade K – 6 No additional weight
Grade 7 - 12 0.08
Grade 9 - 12 0.13
County Vocational 0.20
18
Geographic Cost of Education Index
Developed by Dr. Jay Chambers for NCES
Accounts for multiple factors that affect the cost of hiring comparably skilled professionals including:• Housing costs
• Work environment
19
Successful School Districts Analysis
Success criteria defined by student performance on Statewide assessments• Analysis limited to K – 8 and K – 12 districts
to allow for comparison to PJP results
• Alternative criteria that incorporated broader range of factors (e.g., attendance and dropout rates) did not substantially alter results
20
SSD Results
305 school districts identified as successful• 75 percent of K – 8 districts
• 64 percent of K – 12 districts
Per-pupil costs were consistent with PJP results• $8,004 for K – 8 districts, 9 percent higher than the
median PJP for K – 8 districts
• $8,493, almost identical to the median PJP for K – 12 districts