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Designing sustainable governance for open education in healthcare: an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
GO-GN seminar, Krakow, april 10-11, 2016
Nicolai van der Woert M Ed M elmac
senior consultant, Radboud university medical center, health academy
Supervisors: prof. dr. Roland Laan, prof. Andy Lane, Mary Dankbaar PhD
Introduction
Senior consultant, Radboudumc Health Academy President NeuroBlend Foundation SIG Open Education SURF PhD researcher Global OER Graduate Network
Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance for open education in healthcare – an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance for open education in healthcare – an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
Research questions
Designing sustainable governance for open education in healthcare – an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
1 How to design a sustainable governance setup for open education in healthcare ? 2 Do the ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view contribute to the design process and sustainable outcomes? 3 Which teacher friendly design tools can be used in the design process? 4 Can research outcomes be generalised to other subject matter domains within and outside healthcare ? (reflective)
RQ1: Governance setup 1
How to design a sustainable governance setup for open education in healthcare ?
Educational governance, not corporate Open education requires a different approach as closed education
Most teachers are not familiar with this concept
Governance?
Governance of
education
Leadership & Management
Policies Procedures
Organisation structure
Bussiness model
Products & Services
Legal and Regulatory
frames
Monitoring transparency
Oversight
Mission Vision
Strategy Ethics
Resilience
Sustainability
RQ2: ecosystem, complexity 2 Do the ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view contribute to the design process and sustainable outcomes?
• Old scientific paradigm:
• Building models, Blueprint thinking
• Education is not that simple, need of a different approach
RQ2: ecosystem, complexity
• Open education system:
• No clear boundaries
• Users not known in person
• Interactions depend on many internal and external factors
• Often unpredictable behavior
• Difficult to control and manage
• System / network of learners provide feedback
2 Do the ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view contribute to the design process and sustainable outcomes?
Ecosystem definition from biology/ecology
Ecosystem: a system of organisms, their surroundings, and processes which determine their mutual dynamics Ecosystems have complex connections and dependencies between organisms, their surroundings, the processes that keep the system going
Education as ecosystem
Macro: overarching values and norms
Exo: politics, economy, government, educational system
Meso: interactions
Micro: peers, workplace, learning space, resources
Jij
Platform/learning environment
Organisational structure, governance C
urr
icu
lum
, co
nte
nt
Learn
ing &
instru
ctioin
Macro
Exo
Meso
Micro
Dynamic development and evolution
t=0 t=1 t=2
Education as ecosystem
Jij
Platform/learning environment
Organisational structure, governance C
urr
icu
lum
, co
nte
nt
Learn
ing &
instru
ctioin
Macro
Exo
Meso
Micro
Biotic actors Non-biotic actors Processes Nutrition Context Biotopes Resilience Biodiversity
Students, teachers VLE Learning process, interactions Content: OERs, OCW, MOOCs Learning environment, Learning communities Networks, groups Learning from experience and feedback content, new target populations
Ecosystem services: supportive activities added by humans Tipping points: from one stable state to the next, could happen after disruption or instability
Terminology as methaphore
Biodiversity makes an ecosystem thrive Monoculture makes an ecosystem vulnerable, dependent http://www.public-domain-image.com/free-images/nature-landscapes/field/this-irrigation-pipeline-running-across-a-furrowed-colorado-field-725x480.jpg
Complexity theory
Complexity theory is about change, it talks about the dynamics of the system.
t=0 t=1 t=2
Scientific roots of complexity theory
Complexity theory
Network theory
Systems theory
Nonlinear systems
Adaptation and
evolution
Self organisation
Complex systems • Non-linear behavior, small events can have large consequences
• Unpredictable
• Unclear boundaries
• Self organisation
(patterns, repetition, internal memory, system can learn)
• Networked
• Feedback loops in the system itself
• Jump-wise evolution (edge of chaos new state)
Chaotic C-E: non predictable Stability focussed interventions Crisis management Never the same Novel practice
Complex is not complicated
Cynefyn framework, David Snowden
Complex Cause-effect: coherent in retrospect, do not repeat Pattern management Complex adaptive systems Emergent practice
Complicated C-E:separated over time & space
Analytical, reductionist, scenario planning Systems thinking
Good practice
Simple/known C-E: easily seen by all,
repeatable, predictable Standard operating procedures
Best Practice
disorder
order unorder
Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance for open education in healthcare – an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
Educational Design Research Definition of McKenney & Reeves (2012) … a genre of research in which the iterative development of practical solutions to complex educational problems also provides the context for empirical investigations that yield theoretical understanding that can inform the work of others
EDR characteristics • theory based approach of the problem • design as intervention process • interventionist researcher role • collaborative in nature • responsively grounded • iterative design process
Exploration & analysis
•Orientation
•Literature
•Field study
•Exploration
•Analysis
Design & construction
•Exploring & mapping solutions
•Constructing solutions
Evaluation & reflection
•Planning
•Field work
•Meaning making
Maturing intervention
Theoretical understanding
Implementation: adoption, enactment, sustained maintenance Spread: dissemination & diffusion
Mindset: planning for actual use
Educational Design Research (EDR)
Research project flow
2014
PhD proposal Planning Literature
Conclusions Reporting Transfer
model construction select cases
2015 2016 2017 2018
design cases 1st run design cases 2nd run
t=0, baseline t=1 t=2
ecosystem theory complexity theory
Exploration & analysis
•Orientation
•Literature
•Field study
•Exploration
•Analysis
Design & construction
•Exploring & mapping solutions
•Constructing solutions
Evaluation & reflection
•Planning
•Field work
•Meaning making
Maturing intervention
Theoretical understanding
Implementation: adoption, enactment, sustained maintenance Spread: dissemination & diffusion
Mindset: planning for actual use
Educational Design Research (EDR)
Readiness, maturity Timeline analysis
Focus groups Apply theory Refine design
Adoption Outcomes
Expert appraisal Delphi rounds
Open Business Models
Op basis van business
model canvas van
Osterwalder en
Pigneur, elaborated
by Paul Stacey
https://plus.google.com/communities/110674632694419423671
https://paulgstacey.files.wordpress.com/2015/12/canvas.png
https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit?pref=2&pli=1
Research question 3
Helping in designing the open governance structure
3 Which teacher friendly design tools can be used in the design process?
Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance for open education in healthcare – an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
Case 1: NeuroBlend project
• EU project 2005-2008
• Neurology nurses
• Open Educational Resources, Patient cases, ward cases, wiki
• Open learning environment, walled garden
• professional association EANN, later WFNN
• Outdated
Case 2: Anatomy - TOOL project
• Open content collection
• Simple pedagogy
• 160 anatomy professionals, teachers
• Open learning environment, walled garden
• professional association
Case 3: reuse of OER in medical curriculum
• Self directed pedagogy
• Recommended OER for each course
• Open choice space: OCW, MOOC, coaching, support, test
• 36 clinical subjects: students search for content
• Content curation, digital literacy
Case 4: dutch UMCs
• Harvesting
• Content curation
• National platform
• Support system (educational, library, re-use)
• Teacher training
• Digital literacy skills
Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance for open education in healthcare – an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
Case 1: Neuroblend
• New governance structure, System needs to be modernised
• Cocreation, network instead of professional associations
• Complexcity, ecosystem
• Unpredictable behavior, jumpwise
• Feedback was neglected
• Blueprint thinking
• Business model
• Multiprofessional education
• From OERs to courses and short clips
• Portable devices
• User needs
NeuroBlend board We thought we were
“open” for business, but the world has changed. Howcome we were so
blind for all the feedback? This is very
confronting.
My new conception of NeuroBlend is that it is a
living (eco-)system instead of a thing. We have not been good
guardians in the past.
Needs in the field are about open courses and knowledge clips. But our strength is in innovative
solutions for (open) education. We have to do both to survive and
feel good ourselves.
This ecology thinking is a change of paradigm
and it hurts. Althoug I hate blueprint
thinking, I was an accomplice to it...
Case 2: Anatomy TOOL project
• Ecosystems perspective helpful
• Complexity needs history to understand
• Business model was out of scope, now in scope
• Governance is a new concept, but needed
Anatomy teachers Complex systems? I am still confused,
but at a higher level.
I understand now we cannot do this
ourselves, we need experts in the field of (open) education to
help us.
Setting up a business model is not my cup of
tea, I teach. But we have to do it to
make the project sustainable. More guidance please !?
Our profession has to survive in bad weather and open content is not
enough. We need to think of new educational services and
new pedagogies to make anatomy attactive
to young people.
Case 3 and 4: re-use in UMCs
• To be continued
Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance for open education in healthcare – an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
Governance?
Governance of
education
Leadership & Management
Policies Procedures
Organisation structure
Bussiness model
Products & Services
Legal and Regulatory
frames
Monitoring transparency
Oversight
Mission Vision
Strategy Ethics
Resilience
Sustainability
Reflection • Ecosystems perspective helpful as a metaphore, needs to be
elaborated
• Complexity is a dificult topic, we are educatedn in the old paradigm
• Sliding back into baking mold
• Business model canvas gives direction, easy tool with guidance
• Governance structure for openness needs to be dynamic governance, multi layered
• Iterations needed to refine the approach
Research question 4 4
Can research outcomes be generalised to other subject matter domains within and outside healthcare ? (reflective)
In healthcare: - Wide scope: 4 cases - Transfer of final conclusions to other healthcare domains is expected to
be relatively easy, positive or negative
Outside healthcare - Gut feeling: possibilities for transfer of conclusions = OK - Scientific proof can only be obtained after experimentation - No time for that - EDR methodology is to conclude with the transfer question
- Reflections supported by OE(R) experts (Delphi round?)
Presentation topics
Designing sustainable governance for open education in healthcare – an ecosystem perspective and complexity theory view
Research project flow
2014
PhD proposal Planning Literature
Conclusions Reporting Transfer
model construction select cases
2015 2016 2017 2018
design cases 1st run design cases 2nd run
t=0, baseline t=1 t=2
Questions