Tourguiding.wordpress.comHillary Jenkins, Otago Polytechnic 2008

Design Layout

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Layout

Arrangement of a facility to provide;

working, service, reception, storage and

administrative areas

Types of Layout

Service Product Layout

– Appropriate when large quantities of product or people need to be moved smoothly through the system

• Movie theatre

• Theme park

• Recreational park

• Airline check in

• Museum

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Service Product Layout

• Advantages

– High levels of output achieved

– Supervision, planning and control easier

– Staff training reduced to operational specialisation

– Minimum work-in-progress and materials handling costs

• Disadvantages

– Jobs routine and de-motivating

– Inflexibility when change necessary

– Breakdown in one area can result in entire operation being stopped

Types of Layout

• Service Process Layout

– Grouping together of all similar processes

• Department store

• Health and sports clubs

• Café and food

• Theme park

• Hotel

Service Process Layout

• Advantages

– General purpose machinery more flexible

– More varied work for staff

– Group identity stronger

– Individual incentive schemes

• Disadvantages

– Communications and supervision more difficult

– Individual resource use lower

– eg. A cash register for every departmental counter may only be used 10-15% during the week – whereas one cash register for the floor would be used 100% but there would be increased customer queuing

Service Position Layout

• Certain types of products are required to be created on-site

• eg. In a restaurant the dining room is fixed. The customer is provided with everything necessary

Service Fixed Position Layout

• Advantages

– Repeat items – mean reduced operational times

– Efficiency, quality and quantity should be more than satisfactory

– Likely to be more standardisation

• Disadvantages

– Resources need to be tidied, reset and replenished before continuing

– eg. After a meal the table needs to be cleared before it can be used again

Requirements

• Safe Working Practice

– Staff training programmes should be provided to

• Familiarise staff with hazards, protective clothing, legal requirements, etc

• emergencies

Problems

• Bottleneck

– Operational blackspots unable to cope with the demands paced upon them

– eg. Entrance and exit the same

– Too few exit/payment channels

– Space too physically demanding

Problems

• Difficult to Supervise

– Too few supervisors

– Physical dimensions of space difficult to observe

– Facility for too many people to congregate at once

Problems

• Motivation

– Space not user friendly

– Too much walking around

– Room cooler

– Room warmer

Exercise

• Think of a facility you know well eg. shop, sports or information centre etc. Sketch a two dimensional ‘birds-eye view’ of the first floor layout. Identify any potential problems

• eg. students centre, museum

– Highlight what are good innovations

– Mark the health and safety features

• eg. Exit, signs, fire extinguishers etc

““A dynamic process which enables all people to A dynamic process which enables all people to realise their potential and improve their quality of realise their potential and improve their quality of life in ways which simultaneously protect and life in ways which simultaneously protect and enhance the Earth’s support systems.”enhance the Earth’s support systems.”

Forum for the FutureForum for the Future

The Four System Conditions for SustainabilityThe Four System Conditions for Sustainability– The Natural Step Framework– The Natural Step Framework

In a sustainable society, nature is not subject to In a sustainable society, nature is not subject to systematically increasing…systematically increasing…

1.1. ……concentrations of substances extracted from concentrations of substances extracted from the Earth’s crustthe Earth’s crust

2.2. ……concentrations of substances produced by concentrations of substances produced by societysociety

3.3. ……degradation by physical meansdegradation by physical means

And people are not subject to conditions that And people are not subject to conditions that systematically…systematically…

4. 4. …undermine their capacity to meet their needs…undermine their capacity to meet their needs

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