Design Guidelines for Maximizing Lifetime andAvoiding Energy Holes in Sensor Networks with

Uniform Distribution and Uniform Reporting

Stephan Olariu

Department of Computer Science Old Dominion University

Ivan Stojmenović

SITE, University of Ottawa

INFOCOM 2006

Outline

Introduction

System Assumptions

Evaluating The Minimal Energy Consumption

Evaluating The Balancing Energy

Conclusions

Background

The sensing data is routed to the closest sink

Multi-sink can increase the network lifetime

The circular sensing field with sink at the central point is the best network environment

Motivations

The sensors closest to the sink have least lifetime

The network is easily to be partitioned without power control

Goals

Minimizing the energy consumption of network

Balancing the energy consumption of network

System Assumptions(1)

All sensors have no ID

All sensors can adjust their transmission range

All sensors are location-aware

Each sensor has a maximum transmission range tx

System Assumptions(2)

System Assumptions(3)

r1

r2

r3

r4

System Assumptions(4)

Energy consumption model

The distance of two nodes

power attenuation(2~6)

technology-dependent positive constant(4500)

Minimal Energy Consumption

n: The number of sensor nodes

T: The number of tasks during the network lifetime

ρ: The density of network

Ei: The energy consumption of corona i

ni: The number of sensor nodes in corona i

Minimal Energy Consumption

r1

r2

r3

r4

1 1r rE ca= +

1 11

121

( )

( )

TrE c

n

Tr c

r

a

a

rp

= +

= +

Minimal Energy Consumption

r1

r2

r3

r4 21

2 2 21

1 1( )( )i

ii i k

rTE ci ir r r

r r arp

-

-

é ùê ú= - +-ê ú- ë û

-

i xr t£

Unbalanced-Energy Consumption

R: 240m

α: 3.5

Balancing Energy Consumption

Goal:

Strategy:

Determining r1

1 121

( )T

rE cr

a

rp= +

Determining r1

1 121

( )T

rE cr

a

rp= +

21

2 2 21

1 1( )( )i

ii i k

rTE ci ir r r

r r arp

-

-

é ùê ú= - +-ê ú- ë û

-

Balancing Energy Consumption

21

1 12 2 2 21 1

( ) 1 1( )( )i

ii i k

rT TrE c E ci ir r r r

r raa

rp rp-

-

é ùê ú= + = = - +-ê ú- ë û

-

Balancing Energy Consumption

R: 225m

tx: 55m

α: 4

Unbalanced-Energy Consumption in α=2

i = 2, rk = R, α= 2

Unbalanced-Energy Consumption in α=2

Unbalanced-Energy Consumption in α=2

Unbalanced-Energy Consumption in α=2

21r x=

Conclusions

Two energy consumption models– Minimal– Balanced

Balancing energy consumption can be achieved by different width of coronas

Unbalanced energy consumption in α = 2

Thank You !