Design For Knowledge2
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Transcript of Design For Knowledge2
Design for Knowledge
Data, Information, Knowledge
We design for movement
From data
To information
To Knowledge
The Goal
• To go from fact
Estimated portion of all U.S. nuclear waste that Nevada's Yucca Mountain dumpsite will hold when it is full in 2046
: 3/5
The Goal
• To meaning
Estimated portion of all U.S. nuclear waste that Nevada's Yucca Mountain dumpsite will hold when it is full in 2046
: 3/5
Richter-scale magnitude of an earthquake last June twelve miles from the Yucca site :
4.4
Missing information is expensive
Recently in the news, government’s information management problems
Missing information
“Like all primary care physicians, Dr. Bob Goldszer must stay on top of approximately 10,000 different diseases and syndromes, 3,000 medications, 1,100 laboratory tests, and many of the 400,000 articles added each year to the biomedical literature. That's no easy task. And it is, quite literally, a matter of life and death. The Institute of
Medicine's 1999 report, To Err Is Human, suggests that more than a million injuries and 90,000 deaths are attributable to medical errors annually. Something like 5% of hospital patients have adverse reactions to drugs, another study reports, and of those, 43% are serious, life threatening, or fatal. Many knowledge workers have problems similar to Dr. Goldszer's (though they're usually less life threatening). No matter what the field, many people simply can't keep up with all they need to know.”
--Harvard Business Review, Jul 1, 2002
Missing information
Lost sales–
Expensive support—
Duplicated effort--
Lost trust–
Lost lives?
Classification and Consequences
• A physician who doesn’t see a new cure
• A poor student who can’t find financial aid
• A store where a product isn’t found
From fact to meaning
The right information at the right time in the right way
– Find information– Understand information– Use information
Special skills
• Information Architecture for Findability
• Information Design for Understandability
• Interaction Design for Usability
Information Architects specialize
• In Information Architecture– duh!
Information Architects
• What is IA?• AIfIA definition
1. The structural design of shared information environments.
2. The art and science of organizing and labeling web sites, intranets, online communities and software to support usability and findability.
3. An emerging community of practice focused on bringing principles of design and architecture to the digital landscape.
Findability
In the physical world
• Things that have fixed locations– We find with
maps and signs-- wayfinding
• Things that don’t– We find with
organization and wayfinding
In the digital world
• Nothing is fixed
• Wayfinding and organization is the two keys to findability
• Role of IA is to shape the digital space to enable findability.
Make things findable
• Organization– Build on Metadata– Browse systems– Search systems
• Wayfinding– Labels– Visual cues
Make things appear
• Serendipity systems– See also– Related– Popularity relationships– Also built on metadata
Metadata
• Where it all begins
• Data about data
• Building blocks of organization systems
Metadata types
• Intrinsic
• Administrative
• Descriptive
Metadata types
• Intrinsic– File size, file type
• Administrative– # copies,
photographer
• Descriptive– Dog, Christmas
Metadata
Dog, puppy, canine, golden lab, Golden Labrador Retriever, Santa hat, St. Nicholas, Christmas, X-mas, Noel, photograph, Noel's dog, cute, sentimental, cuddly
Controlled Vocabularies
• Dog, puppy, canine– all synonyms
• Grouping them by equivalence
• Controlled vocabulary
Controlled vocabularies
• Levels of control
Simple Complex
SynonymRings
AuthorityFiles
ThesauriClassificationSchemes
Equivalence Hierarchical Associative
(Vocabularies)
(Relationships)
Controlled vocabularies
• Relationships
A=B AB
A BEquivalenceChristmas=Xmas
HierarchalWinter Holidays > Christmas
Associative Christmas | Hanukkah
Synonym rings
• Simplest type
• Helps with search, indexing
• Simplifies maintenance
Christmas, xmas, x-mas, Cristmas, Noel, Nöel, Navidad
Authority File
• Addition of preferred terms and variants
• Preferred terms– Protects brand– Sensitivities– Educates
Christmas | Xmas, X-mas, Nöel,
Classification schemes
• Includes non-equivalent relationships• Sibling:
Gap.com directories» Men» Women» Maternity» Body» Boys» Girls» Baby boy» Baby girl
Classification schemes
Parent / Child
(amazon.com)
Classification Schemes
Other RelationshipsAlphabetical (administrative metadata)
Authors, A-Z > ( M ) > Moore, Alan
Chronological (administrative metadata)
New for You > New Releases > Books
Topic (descriptive metadata)
Comics > Graphic Novels > Horror
Amazon uses all of these, and more….
Thesauri
• Cadillac of Controlled Vocabularies
• Includes associative relationshipsPreferred term
Variants Siblings Parent Associated
Christmas X-mas, Nöel
Hanukah, Kwanzaa
Winter holidays
Santa Claus
Associations
Associations
• Amazon uses buying patterns to determine associations
Associations
Associations
Other pieces
• Interaction design– Tools that don’t work– Tools that are undesirable to use
• Information design– Data misinterpreted– Information not noticed
Lie with statistics
• Is this book doing badly, or well?
Design for knowledge
• Information must be findable by seekers
• Information must be found when relevant
• Information must be presented in a meaningful way
• Everyone must be an information architect.
Design for knowledge
“Now when Dr. Goldszer orders medicine or a lab test, the order-entry system automatically checks his decision against a massive clinical database as well as the patient's own medical record. Knowledge workers in other fields could likewise benefit from a just-in-time knowledge-management system tailored to deliver the right supporting information for the
job at hand.”
Thanks
Christina Wodtke
www.eleganthack.comwww.blueprintsfortheweb.comwww.boxesandarrows.comwww.aifia.com
Do you Yahoo!?