Design and Papers and Technology 8552 boards · •Other sources of fibre include bamboo, flax,...
Transcript of Design and Papers and Technology 8552 boards · •Other sources of fibre include bamboo, flax,...
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Design and Technology 8552
Papers and boards
Unit 3Materials and their working properties
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Objectives
• Know the primary sources of materials for producing
papers and boards
• Be able to recognise and characterise different types
of papers and boards
• Understand how the physical and working properties
of a range of paper and board products affect
their performance
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Starter
• Think of the range of papers
and boards you will have
encountered today
• Make a list of the different types and
suggest their characteristics, for instance
rigid, opaque, smooth
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
What is paper?
• Papers and boards are made from natural fibres
(cellulose), usually sourced from wood
• Other sources of fibre include
bamboo, flax, hemp, kenaf,
straw and sugarcane
• Wood fibres are mostly sourced
from faster growing softwoods
rather than hardwoods
• Rag paper is made using
cotton which gives it superior
strength and durability
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Pulp
• The first stage in the production of paper and board
is to make pulp
• The natural cellulose fibres are mixed with water
• This mixture is cooked which produces a fibrous
liquid known as pulp
• Pulp is fed onto a mesh conveyor which allows excess water
to drain away
• This makes its way through a series of rollers which help to
press, form and dry the pulp into a continuous sheet which is
either rolled or cut to size for commercial processing
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Treatments and finishes
• The final finish of paper or board depends upon:
• the type of fibre used to make the pulp
• any chemicals added during the manufacturing process
• the addition of layers, different coatings or laminates
• bleaching level which decreases the natural colour so it
becomes whiter
• When a high quality ‘bright’ paper is required,
bleached pulp would be used
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Paper weight
• Paper is characterised by weight
• The weight is measured in grams per square metre (GSM)
• Understanding the different types of paper available will help
you select the right material for the job
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Bleedproof paper
• Bleedproof paper is smooth
and has a special coating to
reduce absorbency
• When drawing with a marker pen or
writing with ink, the paper keeps the
ink on the surface which creates
a crisper line or mark
• It resists bleeding and feathering
• It’s lightweight at around 70-80gsm
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Cartridge paper
• A thick, quality paper with a slight texture
• It’s used particularly for pencil and ink drawings and paintings
• Available in a range of weights, a heavier paper at 200gsm
is more suitable for watercolour and acrylic painting
• Would this type of paper be given a coating? Justify your
answer
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Plotting data
• Grid paper has printed squares or isometric grids
• These are printed with feint lines that enable the user to draw
graphs and diagrams, plot mathematical functions or add
scientific data
• Lines can be printed in
different weights
• How does grid paper help with
accuracy when drawing a plan,
for instance the layout of a
new kitchen?
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Design and layout
• In the early stages of planning for
a painting or design, artists may
use layout paper and tracing paper
for working sketches and ideas
• Layout paper is lightweight and smooth
with greater opacity than tracing paper
• It accepts pencil and most other
media well
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Translucency
• Tracing paper is smooth and sold in pads and rolls
• Ranging from 40gsm up to 280gsm for specialist uses
• It is made in the same way as ordinary paper, but is passed
through a bath of acid which partially dissolves the paper
• This increases the translucency, and it also increases the
stability of the paper
• As well as for tracing, suggest where else you may
find this type of paper in use
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Worksheet 1
• Complete Task 1 of your Worksheet
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Cardboard
• A heavy duty paper available in a range of
thicknesses and strengths
• Board is measured in microns –
1000 microns equal 1mm
• Board can be made from
recycled paper
• It can be laminated to
other materials to increase
strength or provide an
alternative surface
• All of these characteristics make board a very versatile
product. Suggest some innovative uses of cardboard?
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Corrugated cardboard
• Corrugated board is made up of
one or two outer flat layers and a
corrugated layer
• Commonly used for delivery
containers and packaging
• It’s lightweight, but strong
• With a smooth surface, it can
easily be printed on
• Suggest a common use in
the catering industry for
corrugated cardboard
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Foil lined board
• This is made from a stiff card lined with aluminium
foil on one side
• Cartons containing liquid are
foil lined making it food safe
• The card also has a waxy
coating to make it resistant
to oils and liquids
• Where else might you find
foil lined card?
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Duplex board
• Duplex board is made up of two layers
• The exterior will have a wax coating
to provide a moisture barrier and
give it a glossy sheen
• Its smooth white surface makes
it suitable for offset printing
• Its weight, 200 – 500gsm, also
makes it ideal for folding
and die cutting
• Suggest three other household
products which would be made
using Duplex board
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Foam board or foamcore
• Foam board consists of a sheet of
polystyrene foam sandwiched between
outer layers of paper
• Rigid and lightweight, it is often used
as a backing material for graphic signage
• It cuts cleanly with a sharp blade
making it very suitable for
architectural models or prototypes
• How recyclable is foamcore?
• What could be used as an alternative
material?
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Solid white board
• Solid white board is a high quality
board with a bright white finish
• Weights range from 200gsm –
500gsm
• It’s strong, smooth surface makes
it suitable for book covers and
product packaging
• It accepts printing and surface finishes
• What process would the wood pulp
undergo to produce this bright white
board?
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Ink jet card
• Designed for use with an inkjet printer,
the inks sit on the surface of the paper
• With a special coating this increases
the stability of the print
• A good smooth surface, ensures
even ink coverage and absorbency
• Available in weights ranging
from 120-350gsm
• A matt or gloss coating enables a
variety of images to be printed
• When would a matt finish be more
suitable for use?
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Worksheet
• Complete Tasks 2 and 3 of the Worksheet
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties
Plenary
• Identify any papers and boards in this image and
justify why each is suitable for its purpose
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Paper and boards
Unit 3 Materials and their working properties