DESCRIBING SPECIES RATHACHAI CHAWUTHAI. REFERENCE 2.
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Transcript of DESCRIBING SPECIES RATHACHAI CHAWUTHAI. REFERENCE 2.
DESCRIBING SPECIES
RATHACHAI CHAWUTHAI
2
REFERENCE
3
AGENDA
Taxonomy
Species
Changing
Etc.
4
TAXONOMY
5
TAXONOMY
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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EXAMPLE
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EXAMPLE
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SCIENTIFIC NAME
Naming
Genus + Species
Example
Descriptive name Rattus villosisimus: the hairest rat
Geographic name Lilium candense: Canada lily
And Etc.
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SPECIES
10
SPECIES CONCEPT
Species are the most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotypic cohesion mechanisms, i.e., mechanisms that limit the population boundaries by the action of such basic microevolutionary forces as gene flow, natural selection and genetic drift.(Templeton, 1989)
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NEW SPECIES FOUND !!!
Community Studies and Surveys
Behavior Differences
E.g. Frogs which are similar but have different sound level
Genetic Evidence (Chromosomal and Molecular)
Same finches in different islands cannot breed
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CHANGING
13
Growing of knowledge and naming rule
Become CHANGE
Because
Horse Frog
Synonym?
14
TYPES OF CHANGE
PerspectivesTowards a language for mapping relationships among taxonomic concepts N. M. Franz1
Department of Biology, PO Box 9012, University of Puerto Rico, Mayag¨uez, PR 00681, USA
R. K. Peet CB 3280, Coker Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
journals.cambridge.org Submitted March 2008 Accepted June 2008
15
CHANGES OF CONCEPT
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CHANGES OF CONCEPT
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CHANGES OF CONCEPT
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NAME CHANGE
Is a new name for
Frustulia ovalis Kützing 1833is a new name for Navicula amphora Ehrenberg 1832
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SPELLING
Is spelling sequence for
Ancistrus macropthalmus is spelling sequence forAncistrus macrophthalmus
Is correct spelling sequence for
Ancistrus macrophthalmusis correct spelling sequence forAncistrus macropthalmus
20
HOMONYMY
Is a homonym of
Eriococcus mancus Ferris, 1955is a homonym ofEriococcus mancus (Maskell, 1897)
Is a junior homonym of
Eriococcus mancus Ferris, 1955is a junior homonym ofEriococcus mancus (Maskell, 1897)
Is a senior homonym of
Eriococcus mancus (Maskell, 1897) is a senior homonym ofEriococcus mancus Ferris, 1955
21
SYNONYMY
Is a synonym for
Apiomorpha nux Fuller, 1896is a synonym forApiomorpha pharetrata Scharder, 1863
Is a junior synonym for
Apiomorpha nux Fuller, 1896is a junior synonym forApiomorpha pharetrata Scharder, 1863
Is a senior synonym for
Apiomorpha pharetrata Scharder, 1863is a senior synonym forApiomorpha nux Fuller, 1896
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TYPES OF CHANGE
Nomencurator: a nomenclatural history model to handle multiple taxonomic viewshttp://www.nomencurator.org/TLM.html (Website)
Describing Species (Book)
Taxonomic Changeshttp://www.ornitaxa.com/SM/TaxChanges.html (Website)
Preliminary design document for taxon names and conceptshttp://software.speciesfile.org/Design/NamesAndConcepts.aspx (Website)
Why names change: the new thinking in taxonomyhttp://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/articles/dryandra-banksia/why_names_change.php (Website)
23
THREE LAYERS MODEL
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CHANGES OF CLASSIFICATION
Splitting
Merge Amaurospiza and Cyanocompsa into Cyanoloxia
Merging / Lumping
Merge Amaurospiza and Cyanocompsa into Cyanoloxia
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CHANGES OF CLASSIFICATION
Promoting
Promote Canis arctos (subspecies of Canis lupus)to be a species under genus Canis
Demoting
Demote Hordeum leporinum (of genus Hordeum)to be subspecies of Hordeum murinum
Changing higher taxon
Genus Archipetalia (from family Neopetaliidae)to be under family Archipetaliidae
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ONOTLOGY
The ontology of biological taxa
Stefan Schulz, Holger Stenzhorn, and Martin Boeker http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/13/i313.f
ull.pdf
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ONOTLOGY
TaxMeOnTowards a language for mapping relationships among taxonomic concepts N. M. Franz1
Department of Biology, PO Box 9012, University of Puerto Rico, Mayag¨uez, PR 00681, USA
R. K. Peet CB 3280, Coker Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
journals.cambridge.org Submitted March 2008 Accepted June 2008
29
30
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SUMMARYTa
xon
Co
nce
pt
Ch
ang
e Name
RenameNew name
Spelling sequence
Synonym
Junior Synonym
Senior Synonym
Common Name
HomonymJunior Homonym
Senior Homonym
Classification
RemodelMerging
Splitting
Hierarchy Change
Promoting
Demoting
Changing higher taxon
32
?
33
http://www.stromboidea.de/?n=Species.PteroceraSimonis and http://www.stromboidea.de/?n=Species.DicrolomaCirrus
http://www.stromboidea.de/?n=Species.StrombusJeffersonia and http://www.stromboidea.de/?n=Species.LobatusCostatus
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Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stromboidea
Strombidae
Lambis
Lambis accipitrina Röding, 1798
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stromboidea
Strombidae
Strombus
Strombus accipiter Dillwyn, 1817
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• http://bjc.sggw.waw.pl/arts/2011v11n1/9.pdf
• http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/A/Auletobius_fukienensis/• http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/A/Auletes_fumigatus/
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FROM TAIWAN’S MOSS
37
Page 308
Barbula ehrenbergii Fleischer 1901 syn.
Hydrogonium ehrenbergii (Lor.) Jaeg. 1880
===============================================
Genus Barbula (Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond. 115. 1801)
SubGenus Hydrogonium (Müller Hal. Jaeger, 1880)
===============================================
Deny: Hydrogonium –(SubGenusOf) Barbula
Assert: Hydrogonium –(GenusOf) Pottiaceae
Ref:Zander, R.H. 1993. Genera of the Pottiaceae: Mosses of
harsh environments. New York
“”
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• Before
• Coscinodon (1804) is a sub genus of Grimmia (1801)• 1908:
• Grimmia decalvata Cardot, 1908• 1980: http://arctoa.ru/ru/Archive-ru/17/1coscinodon.pdf
DEGUCHI, H. 1979. A revision of the genera Grimmia, Coscinodon and Schistidium (Musci) in Japan. – J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., ser. B, div. 2 16(2): 121-256.
• Historically, North American authors have often considered Coscinodon to be a subgenus of Grimmia. Not until the 1980's did they follow the European approach distinguishing these two genera. The separation of these two genera is largely based on the sporophyte
• 1943:
• Coscinodon japonicus Sakurai 1943• 1943: Book p.324 (JJB 19)
• Coscinodon japonicus Sakurai 1943 = Grimmia decalvata Cardot, 1908
39
• Before
• Oxyrrhynchium is SubGenus Of Eurhynchium• Species: Oxyrrhynchium asperisetum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. M
• 1905: http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1639/0007-2745-112.4.786
• Promote: Oxyrrhynchium as a genus• 1939:
• Species: Eurhynchium asperisetum E. B. Bartram, 1939• Book p.378
• Eurhynchium asperisetum = Oxyrrhynchium asperisetum
40
• Before
• Genus: Eriopus• Eriopus japonicus Cardot & Thér.
• 1974: http://www.jstor.org/pss/20150128
• Calyptrochaeta replaced Eriopus• 1979 : P.337(?) &
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-35135324
• Calyptrochaeta japonica Iwatsuki & Noguchi, 1979SynonymEriopus japonicus Cardot & Thér
41
• http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/124/1235997342817-2023.pdf
42
• >> P. 391
• 1925 : http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/124/1235997342817-2023.pdf
• Genus Porothamnium –(under) SubFam Thamnioideae • 1984 : http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/124/1235997342817-2023.pdf
• Genus Porothamnium –(under) Fam Neckeraceae
43
• >> P.391
• Before : http://www.tropicos.org/name/35000709?projectid=22
• subg. Lescuraea • subg. Pseudoleskea
• 1911 : http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/P/Pseudoleskea_incurvata/
• Pseudoleskea incurvata Loeske, 1911• 1957 : http://www.tropicos.org/name/35000709?projectid=22
• Numerous bryologists (e.g. Lawton 1957) considered Pseudoleskea to be synonym of Lescuraea
• Lescuraea Accept• 1957 : http://www.tropicos.org/Name/35139429
• Lescuraea incurvata (Hedw.) E. Lawton
44
• 1902
• Rhaphidostegium lutschianum Broth. & Paris• 1968
• Rhaphidostichum lutschianum (Broth. & Paris) Seki• Rhaphidostegium lutschianum Broth. & Paris Basionym
• >> P.397
• Rhaphidostichum lutschianum (Broth. & Paris) SekiSynonymRhaphidostegium lutschianum Broth. & Paris
45
FROM OTHERS
46
HTTP://WWW.INTERNATIONALDOVESOCIETY.COM/SEEDSPECIES/NEWWORLDNAMECHANGES.HTMPatagioenas, Chloroenas, Lepidoenas, and Oenoenas presently
listed as synonyms under Columba and remove these citations from
the synonymy of Columba.
Columba cayennensis to Patagioenas cayennensis
Columba speciosa to Patagioenas speciosa
Columba squamosa to Patagioenas squamosa
Columba leucocephala to Patagioenas leucocephala
Columba fl avirostris to Patagioenas fl avirostris
Columba inornata to Patagioenas inornata
Columba fasciata to Patagioenas fasciata
Columba caribaea to Patagioenas caribaea
Columba subvinacea to Patagioenas subvinacea
Columba nigrirostris to Patagioenas nigrirostris
47
HTTP://FLORABASE.DEC.WA.GOV.AU/ARTICLES/DRYANDRA-BANKSIA/• The Western Australian Herbarium has recently changed the names
of all species of Dryandra to an equivalent name in Banksia, to reflect a taxonomic change in which the two genera have been merged into one
• new name in Banksia (e.g. Banksia sessilis)
48
HTTP://WWW.MUSEUM.LSU.EDU/~REMSEN/SACCPROP372.HTML• merged the genus Idioptilon ("Tody-Tyrant") into Hemitriccus
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HTTP://WWW.AOU.ORG/CHECKLIST/SUPPL/AOU_CHECKLIST_SUPPL_44.PDF (1)
• (1) one species is added to the main list because of splitting of a species previously on the list (Loxiamegaplaga);
• (2) one species replaces another presently on the list because of splitting of an extralimital form (Picoides dorsalis);
• (3) two genera (Euphonia and Chlorophonia), with their 16 species in our area, are moved from the family Thraupidae and placed in the subfamily Euphoniinae in the Fringillidae;
• (4) three new generic names are inserted in the list because of splitting of genera previously included (Patagioenas,Megascops, and Gymnoglaux), with the consequent change in generic names of 21 species;
• (5) one genus is removed from the list (Nyctea) because of its merger with another on the list (Bubo), with the consequent change of the scientifi c name of one species;
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HTTP://WWW.AOU.ORG/CHECKLIST/SUPPL/AOU_CHECKLIST_SUPPL_44.PDF (2)
• (6) two English names are changed without change in scientific name (Belcher’s Gull and Rock Pigeon);
• (7) the distribution of one species is changed because of the merger with it of an extralimital form (Butorides striatus);
• (8) one species is added to part 2 of the Appendix (Oenoenas chiriquensis); and
• (9) changes are made in the endings of 9 species names to bring them into conformity with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (see David and Gosselin 2002)
51
• Before
• ds• 1xxx
• ds• 1xxx
• sd
52
• Before
• ds• 1xxx
• ds• 1xxx
• sd
53