Describing Quitting Behaviour Amongst NZ Youth

Sharon Ponniah BSc (Hons) PGDip Sci

Ministry of Health

Public Health Intelligence

Sharon.ponniah@quit.org.nz

Outline

• New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey (NZTUS) 2006

• Describe youth who smoke in NZ

• Present evidence that youth smokers want to quit smoking

NZTUS 2006

• National face to face survey (CAPI)

• NZ population (15-64 years)

• Over sampling (Māori, Pacific, Asian, 15-19 years)

• Stratified, cluster sampling

• 5,782 completed interviews

• Response rate 75%

Describe Youth Who Smoke in New Zealand

Are there socio-demographic differences between youth who are ever smokers and

youth who are never smokers?

Youth Smoking Prevalence

• The rate of smoking among 15-19 year olds is 26.8

• The average age of initiation is 14.6• Rates of smoking among youth are

highest for Māori (46%) and Pacific (36%)• Smoking rate among European/Other

ethnic groups is 23.1%

Current Smokers vs Never Smokers

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Male

Prevalence (%) current never

Female Female Male Female Male

European/Other Māori Pacific

Ever Smokers vs. Never Smokers

• Ever Smokers were compared to Never Smokers across the following socio-demographics:

• Gender• Ethnicity• NZDep01 Quintile• Household Income

Never Smokers(never and experimental

smokers)

Ever Smokers(current and ex-smokers)100 cigs < <

Risk Factors – Ever Smoker

Independent Variables

Odds Ratio Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value

Intercept 0.99 0.77 1.27 0.9281 GENDER Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Female 0.85 0.75 0.97 0.0123 ETHNICITY Maori 2.08 1.70 2.54 0.0000 Non-Maori 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref NZDEP01 QUINTILE Quintile 1 0.98 0.78 1.23 0.8586 Quintile 2 1.00 0.77 1.29 0.9857 Quintile 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Quintile 4 1.38 1.13 1.67 0.0016 Quintile 5 1.24 1.02 1.50 0.0336 HOUSEHOLD INCOME < $20,000 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref $20-$40,000 0.99 0.77 1.28 0.9473 $40-$60,000 0.89 0.68 1.15 0.3674 >$60,000 0.77 0.60 0.97 0.0284 NR 0.99 0.67 1.46 0.9530

Female 0.85 0.75 0.97 0.0123

Gender

EthnicityIndependent Variables

Odds Ratio Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value

Intercept 0.99 0.77 1.27 0.9281 GENDER Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Female 0.85 0.75 0.97 0.0123 ETHNICITY Maori 2.08 1.70 2.54 0.0000 Non-Maori 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref NZDEP01 QUINTILE Quintile 1 0.98 0.78 1.23 0.8586 Quintile 2 1.00 0.77 1.29 0.9857 Quintile 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Quintile 4 1.38 1.13 1.67 0.0016 Quintile 5 1.24 1.02 1.50 0.0336 HOUSEHOLD INCOME < $20,000 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref $20-$40,000 0.99 0.77 1.28 0.9473 $40-$60,000 0.89 0.68 1.15 0.3674 >$60,000 0.77 0.60 0.97 0.0284 NR 0.99 0.67 1.46 0.9530

Māori 2.08 1.70 2.54 0.0000

Socio-economic Status

Independent Variables

Odds Ratio Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value

Intercept 0.99 0.77 1.27 0.9281 GENDER Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Female 0.85 0.75 0.97 0.0123 ETHNICITY Maori 2.08 1.70 2.54 0.0000 Non-Maori 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref NZDEP01 QUINTILE Quintile 1 0.98 0.78 1.23 0.8586 Quintile 2 1.00 0.77 1.29 0.9857 Quintile 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Quintile 4 1.38 1.13 1.67 0.0016 Quintile 5 1.24 1.02 1.50 0.0336 HOUSEHOLD INCOME < $20,000 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref $20-$40,000 0.99 0.77 1.28 0.9473 $40-$60,000 0.89 0.68 1.15 0.3674 >$60,000 0.77 0.60 0.97 0.0284 NR 0.99 0.67 1.46 0.9530

Quintile 4 1.38 1.13 1.67 0.0016Quintile 5 1.24 1.02 1.50 0.0336

Household IncomeIndependent Variables

Odds Ratio Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value

Intercept 0.99 0.77 1.27 0.9281 GENDER Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Female 0.85 0.75 0.97 0.0123 ETHNICITY Maori 2.08 1.70 2.54 0.0000 Non-Maori 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref NZDEP01 QUINTILE Quintile 1 0.98 0.78 1.23 0.8586 Quintile 2 1.00 0.77 1.29 0.9857 Quintile 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Quintile 4 1.38 1.13 1.67 0.0016 Quintile 5 1.24 1.02 1.50 0.0336 HOUSEHOLD INCOME < $20,000 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref $20-$40,000 0.99 0.77 1.28 0.9473 $40-$60,000 0.89 0.68 1.15 0.3674 >$60,000 0.77 0.60 0.97 0.0284 NR 0.99 0.67 1.46 0.9530

>$60,000 0.77 0.60 0.97 0.0284

Describing Youth Quitting Behaviour

Is there evidence that youth smokers in New Zealand want to quit smoking?

Short Answer – YES!

• 75% of youth smokers would not smoke again if they had their lives over

• Almost half (50%) of youth smokers are thinking about quitting

• 35% of youth made at least one quit attempt in the last 12 months

Youth who have “Ever Quit”

• Current smokers (n=178) were asked

“Have you ever quit for more than a week?”

• Yes responses (n=113) defined as ever quit and compared against no responses (n=65)

0

510

15

20

2530

35

Quintile 1 Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5

NZDep01 Quintile

Percentage (%) yes no

Socio-economic Deprivation

Household Income

05

1015202530354045

<$20,000 $20-$40,000 $40-$60,000 >$60,000

Household Income

Percentage (%) yes no

010

203040

5060

7080

yes noEver Quit

Percentage (%) Māori non-Māori

Ethnicity

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

yes noEver Quit

Percentage (%) male female

Gender

Likelihood – Ever quit

Summary

• There are clear factors that influence the likelihood of youth being ever smokers

• There is minimal variation across indicators and their effect on the likelihood of having ever quit

• Indicates that the risk factors observed for youth being smokers are not barriers for making a quit attempt

Where To…

• Further analysis to come

• Look more in depth at attitudes to quitting and self-efficacy on having ever made a quit attempt

Youth smokers want to quit!

What can we do to help?

Describing Quitting Behaviour Amongst NZ Youth

Sharon Ponniah BSc (Hons) PGDip Sci

Ministry of Health

Public Health Intelligence

Sharon.ponniah@quit.org.nz