Derivational and Inflection

Present by :Siti nurhayati147052018Derivational and Inflection Derivation and inflection are two functional categories of change in morphology (suffix, prefix)

Derivation and inflection involved in morphological constructions. According Kridalaksana (1983, 92) morphological construction is the formative constructive in the world. It means that the formation or unit word may be a single morpheme or combination of morphemes with each other.

Bauer (1988:80) states that morphology can be divided by two branches, derivational, and inflectional morphology.

Inflection is a part of syntax because it completes lexeme forms.Derivation is a part of lexis because it provides new lexemes. The differences between derivational and inflectional formation described by Nida (1985 : 269)Derivational formation includes the same type with singular word, such as : singer (N) (penyanyi) sing (V) (menyanyi). Inflectional formation is not in the same type of singular word.Statistically, derivational affixes are more diverse, for example, in English there are affixes to form nouns: -er, -ment, -ion, -ation, -ness, etc. inflectional affixes in English are less diverse (-s) 3) Derivational affixes can change the word class, while inflectional affixes cannot4) Derivational affixes have a limited distribution (e.g derivational affix er is not always found in the base verbs to form nouns), while inflectional affixes have a wider distribution. 5) Derivational formation can be the foundation for the subsequent words formation : sing (V) singer (N) Singers (N), while inflectional formation cannot. NoDerivational Morpheme Inflectional Morpheme 1. Can change part of speech or meaning. Do not change part of speech or meaning.2. Typically indicate semantic relations within the word. Typically indicate syntactic or semantic relations between 3.Typically occur with only some members of a class of morphemes. Typically occur with all members of a of some large class of morphemes. 4.Typically occur before inflectional suffixes (and after inflectional prefixes, though not in English).Typically occur at the margins of words.5.Instantiate a single category, which may be complex , but never occurs in paradigm.Can instantiate categories that occur in paradigmatic sets. Table of Inflection Suffixes in English NoSuffixGrammatical ChangeExample of Base Word Result1-sPlural dogDogs2-enPlural (Irregular)oxOxen3-s3rd person singular present likeHe likes4-edPast tense / past participleworkHe worked He has worked 5-enPast participle (Irregular) eatHe has eaten6-ingContinous / ProgressivesleepHe is sleeping7-erComparativebigBigger8-estSuperlativeBig The biggest Derivational Suffixes in English NOUN -ary, -aire : secretary-an, ian, ician : electrician-ance, ence : distance-ee : employee-hood : childhood -er, ar, or : teacher-ic : logic-ion : action , relation -ist : artist -ment : enjoyment -ness : happiness-ship : friendship -ty :activity

ADJECTIVE -full / -less : beautiful -al / cal : chemical, electrical, -ive : selective, productive-able : capable-ent : different -ous : dangerous-ish : childish, selfish-y / -ly : sunny, windy-like : boylike VERB -ate : graduate-en : lengthen -ed : worked -ze / yze : realizeen- : enlarge

ADVERB -ly Adjectve of quality + ly = adverb Example : careful + ly : carefullySubroto (1985 : 268) argues that reveals the separation between derivation and inflection is a classic problem for Indo- European language. Derivation is a construction which its distribution different from its base form, while inflection is a construction which has same distribution from its base form (Samsuri, 1982 : 198)

Anak itu menggunting kain Anak itu gunting kain Makanan itu sudah basiMakan itu sudah basi Kami mendengar suara ituKami dengar suara itu

It is categorized as derivational when an affix reforms it base form, whereas it is categorized as inflectional when an affix does not change its base form of the word. For example: form is a noun, formal is an adjective; suffix al has changed the class word so that its called as derivational affix. Formalise is a verb, formalizes is a verb as well ; suffix s does not change the word class so that it is called as inflectional affix .

Inflectional affixes always reveal the regular meaning or predictable meaning; on the contrary, the meaning of derivational affixes are unpredictable. For example, inflectional affix s indicates the plural meaning in English, such as dogs, bicycles, shoes, trees. The example of derivational are bandage ( pembalut), cleavage (perpecahan), mileage ( jarak)

There is a common rule that when inflectional affixes are added to one member of a word class, it will be able to add inflectional affixes to all other class members. While derivational affixes can not be added to each class member. That is why, it can be determined that the inflectional affix is productive, whereas derivational affix is unproductive.

Conclusion In connection with inflectional and derivational affix, it can be classified into two fields of morphology: inflectional morphology which concentrates on the word and its paradigm, and derivational or lexical morphology.