Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

17
i Iw *h,f, 4*rn 1 ( r (,rf + I44tr^,) o -v lntli 1 WIL : T'- h,& 5 T*, = ^,I \ -[r^u = ws,^ 0,@ 6,@ (*^ g =) Iant ' S,a,P = y* v4, ,+ two -- -L r M- (-z lw-*w- v(" =g\ - -\ M> Wq L 0 I ffi_d .-- l. J 4, _ H, ?^^ 0 ') (/- ( l'4 + trn,+ t'rt']1 wt,4 : ) ^,'' w, ^

Transcript of Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

Page 1: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

i Iw *h,f, 4*rn 1 ( r (,rf + I44tr^,) o -vlntli 1

WIL :

T'- h,&

5 T*, = ^,I

\ -[r^u = ws,^

0,@

6,@

(*^ g =) Iant '

S,a,P = y*v4,,+

two -- -LrM-

(-zlw-*w-v("

=g\-

-\

M>

WqL

0Iffi_d

.--l.J 4, _ H,

?^^ 0 ') (/-( l'4 + trn,+ t'rt']1 wt,4:

) ^,'' w,

^

Page 2: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

z.l)

(W,^ un \n(/rT,.a' obwrw:

| (r, t'{

i WX - a*, n = ]^Act*e -{E

-?r*, 59

-r= Wa-gos 0

i^/'

)ry-\ar"f i t- '*-'(, @ l,^A 0s9 D 6,/

{r.* I

1.- awg"nf, I = qcik'?

c"tr DL

frt{**tir- fttu't'^"{ '

Crhs{ dw a^^ obswvw D.lb {odgs 0 r\ p* .r"t.1y-,tf viav,r w'fin *rfd fu fl"" "bry,rrrtr . ( At

-+

-\

tr^" ;"[l Je #wr,rt,^tfti*(. a(t wr vtf)

T

L

0-T - hrq f,e,l E

\ - ----'--:--' t9" a(

e a wo,s'".v +

I ,..,";? )

(ur,rf )

M0L0a89 W( d. A1t"tn*

(e F-)Itr 0-

F",u rf .

?

",rtA

:) k(AV c,at X .U

:\ crtx = -$-4('{0) A"ceS| y

lvuXwsft-_ (sr^x = o

ta6s,nt + (*se- ^fl =e

il1xr

r\_t-J

Page 3: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

-) BrW +{^ \-s'( is bu*g "'t

= 0o * ^Eo Mr) l

fus"^.)gwt+T

I Tr

-7,

ru4-- ( tnt

hg =2kl

nrfnt

J,,tt n&* {* ,r"'t, is 'J

^uL +

^uI +

.7{ =--o

Ao Aa

b*I

TA MA* _

^^% (,q + MFt ^r)I wt 4n

qA ( mur w.)1

W4

= rnr[\,g

('lq

(]g

,

C

-)

^r1

^rT

Ae 4s

:)

-)

w.fl =

u'c

h" 4.

VAok c

'()

*'l

(n^s * ^ ,)I

-(l

v^b

Page 4: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

(,

it* [ k'{a kM r^A L*;,k^]\,*l, ynai,o^ ) Ai is vu1;c,*Q

:, NJ - ^*t

wfi"

=) N /- w( uX) *

t,v

t̂1

{a

Page 5: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

duWu L't)

.-)^q

t Fu,

ry* lc,t"f,,.,t

Eu'^f ) .

, uf=o-jI

(tr^t V<";^l) ewPt:) i^ = tt

: 3'^

t.r- - t' (udfu I

(+ *t^+)1^t,6+= tut

^o/

'?' hr't

r*=) it\

)V CC't

by-- dy,{rt I oAI

9.- -@:y\X \ w\/Ju/ €. G J

Dul+ l.,y oY\

I

4

uy

-La^

-7(/\

-3tLY^

--c.'4-\-/

I4/^X i'tt

(<

,l I cg^t IYk

tr,

-)-/

. t*1. Vv,

^I

4A,

(wvr^ t=, , ,7-- ,,t^l)

=)

:)

AI

U"t^4I

\=I

I

ry

-)

Page 6: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

. " t4, y = 4+- #L 'n !a( \t ftc^t')

i-f f \c,^dl-'.il

^-rf.q

t"t ?r A. H 6n,n

^-v t : 4y elF L-

\.rc, d'Lk+ e * tr.l

dP

d^*.1't*1 -, o = ,*'^-f -1t

=) + - vxs'^-t''L----T

4x

Page 7: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

L,

(a,) It* [.,t;"n/ frr* .q /ry w5 { , {rts ^^(f,^tt.t

, rnoowJ-

(0 W(5, bu)wnr +l,ry d*n {o"^t- fur* a^A i\' Mf *"t'"\

eq k(3 7r $" f\* @^twl' "Au"'"

Tt^, y*yJl1n '(-u e'tvry kv ir F , wLe{L

j @rn,,sv')-- (ry'^t)

1,,Wq I I,lc"t-rt s,J

",,dcr / nfrtuA

( *hrX +B )

(C

t-I

(b)

&tll.

,{,= t-; /=

Lo-t

=) t+Wlwt--

J 9l /'wtn - si^'4

#

Page 8: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

7,

/\(\,l flr

/ t'-:.t'/

/ flrerr*'*-li,trr , 'i:ffU,rwu

zct.o*^\ \r

8/vt" qJff,f

I

r.

?. r.

T{tt l, n,t av\ n* > r^*U. v'rl,nun< , (

/tLPJ*

it/\as5

7lw

7Dwt

\'u^"1Vr)

-':-9 ; ..' K-L --i' ----ni7-1Tta/,/7-;\

| "

r'Wt 1"/r r)

'--*--__'4 i+d,hdx

'-****-*-.---JrXI

( Jx

vtl",

\o.Jx)

t,\

L+ l^)r/,\/( t'Jvl \ v"\t t<\,

)-

D t.+){:"

Lt" r., L Lf'

l"

?.

h)

t

h'1

t VL( Lf'h)#

Page 9: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

>A-/ 48= -/1."ryf =,r^l

A "" t^t= Ma* f -=,tt^gffi

tq

LJ<--

g,

tr) fr: -/ ^1

*(

*qA)t

€x

)

l'ou' au) r.-L

+_

3ts1

t

+

a-YA

ts

A

r

,)

:

^

q

t)

J-\

)

o)

t

^

-r

.6

'.4

A

11

-hI

t[l

4'

I

J

uI

t

h

4v^rt

,t,t

D

(tsl

t

t

l-'g

\sa

Alf.

Lvt

qAt

-%

vt

t.,+

.ra

t(B

(rt

r

t

(..t

t+

z) 6.6 =-

(b> lvr. vs+1

LU^ = vA{

=) vsn

f s,, = ilB

1\fo

4 9\e't =

=) {ao =

tGa\EA

zT

Lt

tJv

Vr*.n LX/ -*) t,---^

,gA

Gd=) e,oSuVrt.*

*

L4 W; = ni^" r\os',*^

Page 10: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

cc)r.' '

t**A)

1 (gu = 1k- t#+ = */,(rt ff)pl.:-!\ 'pn : .

vI gn

{ &*,0 = -flr+#)II

[&n

,'. ,; = vo'*,t /(,*#)fl(+)) "ul = ,J-.[(\rft)*,

(a)

Page 11: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

,-..q

A

/11\'' I jtu C.n_

(C^o

AT A. T:At B' {

tl* c,{'q,-^ lnlxvri

feurlu*t ^tt f'ft

*,.F"^

't^^4 BYT

{r.|,r

Tv\__/r4.

&s&

,,'l$

F.l,ttI;^".1..40'--

'ty| + y(fl

F+ hqZ

ulWe ?

hts*rz tu svotrL W ,4 oh,.q. ^1-

<( bY= (uX(v'-u)

---a

-ofFLF,

\aaru|

({, )

. tt)

(a

<(

T'* I = (o,!-''AL ad

o

tp/ (u,

( +l

?*^ a,@ +

F

Q+

A/* yvLo

Y(t =

r=4 f

f^ ,Kr-\, lrn ttn" at I

( f )

('i + wV.

(t'x l1-t ':J

Page 12: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

.la

/\r^q*,(*

tu 1"

lrr';

W wt'{ryt

1,,,,v', ? -

Iuw,7K

trt t"^;

N"r I r IJt', '0

r*)

(x*)

*wLy n)

ar

'{

Page 13: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

o{ ( r* [r,,t i, e 'to, ,rnn v edtle )

rMa.4lt.;rA, L: Pa{{'."'g c\' t1tu4- iu"'ut; *{ /"*tv u e,r

!I

d.cul.,vq-{,r,h

o-f+".1, wuiquJ

t4) Cvws^d,e+' rn"^ L[o "t'

{X

&.

)-tr' rtj *.-{ o.cr Y,,(e ur"1 t*

"+ tt. htoc-{c

NS.^x = f.[g.rLtss't -t^) O-)ua *,1

J" i --ItAi- *r, h "

r / 'h

lr +o

-Y. L /-':,

^ /\ , si,"r ;(

-@fl'tl>

1

.+ M lc<,xf at)

we*- A) = Mrt

t - \(61wsl =

(mt rn) aInrc':Y'l

f (Mji! t-^'o<L c,^t o<

4 iew,L ,>"51

tt*t 4'^"^ t'< ) N sia ; ri< )

t ,b N *t * : frt 21, S)'^ o1 (,

-i.)aA/f-

( Mt rr) ci f t^ '1

t,

,\4 t lttt Cot" .d

( t) f-e-co'ti

O, ry)

(9 , tx) :)

.z_t WSt,o Jq

@,@ 4

) k--

f-

th-!(

iVt- t ,\-il''N (-\'l:^r* ,

Page 14: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

e{lu,u{ r , REi'"4u'q $ Yt* *u'lale I(4r ,lrso"un 11,.1 ^

i^W1io'/ al'1sc'vvO'V \

a.

<<-

I 1" 'tt^. i^c(irur

'w\^ (. EF )

LFor ri+-t"l "^ fu *"rt1* )

Wf;{rr,' /' = t*rA r

lvr rtSi^t cl- : o

#&.J itio"s .[-o'-.-o

Ni 5i,",' l. = N(^ (x)

(a ) Onns'oieu

ll h 'ft

L,\"'v /v.

l4nr1. LoJ o( t

t. t;+-"^t &"u

Nl - W,c;ws a'

tt*

irno[ir,.-"

I

(r) Re l,l *t*X 8^* t* )

@=)

O(D+

&=

fta,o.^ r \d e- lrune

vwT L+C x i i+' xu)

M, + * sl.l-,1

c4-

t

t

kcot"t + JxxX

=

M a. ^1*ta (i,"oa t

a,

O\=i

tbServvv

-,LI4^^s?h d =

f

I r"t* r^) a1 .c i rT ,:(iJ

,zlV\ + fnsu.4 ,(

8

Page 15: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

\,*rVgWl

-M,, t

+ k:

U,"X c,- t q, , ,,,,t0

R""t(,\ t

&:

)

{^,=t

M* t'r4

kXx) 4),t1 r.lrrn\ '1i-rD4

yugLS^"^J wSA

1fv\ + lA S,rnt"(

l"n\r{r

Q"U*r,^,\,-^ ,{ Ii^orrv ',^Eu!-;f'^"44 .A 'fl-e

f \=W\ (V, uro('ot V ) = c

v MV,c${ <

Mt t4n

iln e', w9 A

i^c lzufiv.r "l-o

=-=ry weatqe

J_f =

d4.

Page 16: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

Ir. M,at,o, c't 'i{n , -*to{ge r0 tdtvr to t1^, hi",.l"

#rca\au"4;,an

&l "L s-e,r.tgo4

.+ fu"t**, ilt^

\rlo"tr

;^?^*i^,t &"r "

Gftt $rte+ +'" a.c*^{ f{*-

*t"+,"," ttt q't*^ "i +tu rNelon

MQ,

3L* ia..(v^c

M^, t M^,,x r

// +"

\si^ x

Rs t,n x = Mr.

)tJ

t+'l!t

9tn o< t Mro. c.,sx Rsr^ '/ = o

r-(9

€ (. a"rf;""tJ $ia +l^r- " eil,f

M\\------t

*^

$t.vlw*\L.^qg la'>rcr, y ef,

u{ {l*n7 $t

vtedf

["(." b

Nqtf

{'*,4-.o'.t 't*"*ti,

Forc i^"(r,"e' :

Mq *s o^ i\4-q s"ra r( k--s '*t _____\r____,

$.{if*,ns .F*,o

Page 17: Department of Physics, HKU · 2012-11-10 · Created Date: 10/29/2012 12:10:33 PM

r'fy d.

Nl .-

-rt^ C.f,v c(' f,s cxvv'a-ct'r'E,i

F,rr* 6.i t-* ,,'* i \r'^*;

o{ t"'t'q o\*.;tt,4

l.,ttl it4zr 5y' r tt'"(!),-#V\ I1 L

tAi r l,t-\r t""l{h A(

/)"'t

i^4 Mq Dd5 'l--_----J4--- ,L

fv1-t l,tf'r r.t ."{

il) - Nio,(r"t*^)i\' ,l-ft + Lnsi^rg

I M+ t'.,'.) ltio<lI

M f Ir"9^ 4(