DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGYjournals.uop.edu.pk/papers/AP_v17_43to74.pdf · founding Chairman...

Proceedings of the First International Symposium on

Latest Discoveries in the Cultural Heritage of Ancient Gandhara and Other Parts of Pakistan

Main Stupa at Najigram, Swat Valley

September 4 - 6, 2005 Swat

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY

University of Peshawar

Ancient Pakistan, Vol. XVII - 2006 Symposium

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CONTENTS

Title Page

Introduction, Aims and Objective and other related Information (Pre-scheduled programme) .......................................................................................................................

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Ethnic Profile of Gandhara ……..................................................................................... Abdur Rehman and Shah Nazar Khan 75

Terracotta Female Figurines from Protohistoric Swat …………….........................… Arundhati Banerji

83

Monsoon Preparation Work at DK-G Area Moenjodaro During 2005 ……………… Muhammad Safdar Khan

91

The Darel Valley: the Chinese Sources and the Field Research (1998-2004)……….. Haruko Tsuchiya

101

Fascinating Discoveries from Buddhist Sanctuary of Badalpur, District Haripur, Taxila Valley …………………………………………………………………………… Muhammad Arif and M.H.Khan Khattak

119

Kaka Khel Ancestor Adam Baba and his Tomb at Karboga (Kohat) N.W.F.P ……… Shakirullah and Gul Rahim Khan 127

Ghaligai Hill Engravings Reveal a Personification of “Uttarasena” (King of Uddiyana): A New Thought …………………………………………………………… Badshah Sardar

133

A Copper Hoard of the Great Kusanas ……………………………………………… Gul Rahim Khan

139

Lower Palaeolithic in the Soan Valley, Rawalpindi, Pakistan …………………….. Muhammad Salim 159

Glimpses of the International Symposium in Pictures ……………….…………….. 167

Note: Out of thirty two presentations (see pp.70-72), only the above nine papers were received for publication.


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INTRODUCTION

Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar

The Department of Archaeology was established in 1962 by the University of Peshawar under the founding Chairman Professor Ahmad Hasan Dani, an archaeologist of international repute. Apart from regular M.A., M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees awarding programme, the Department is thoroughly engaged in field oriented research throughout the Province. Its graduates are now occupying key positions in various administrative and teaching institutions in and abroad. Some of them have been awarded medals like Sitara-e-Imtiaz and fellowships at universities in abroad due to their solid contributions in their respective field of research. Graduates of this Department have founded teaching departments at the universities of Khairpur, Karachi and the Punjab. The sitting directors of the Punjab and the North West Frontier Provinces are trained here, while several others occupy important positions in the Federal and Provincial institutions in the Country.

Research activities of the Department have not only increased awareness among the people, but also have strengthened the process of preservation of our tangible heritage and indirectly helped in enhancing the economy of the country. Since its inception the discoveries of the Department in various fields have crowned the University of Peshawar with a good name nationally as well as internationally. The first stunning discovery was that of Sanghao Cave which was excavated by Professor Dani in 1963 and is the first ever and earliest evidence of the Middle Stone Age settlements in South Asia. The next important discovery was Shaikhan Dheri in Charsadda, so far the oldest Buddhist site of the Peshawar Valley. Simultaneously in 1964 Gandhara Grave Culture at Thana, Timar Gara and Balambat in Malakand Division was discovered and the sites excavated. It was A.H. Dani who named this culture as such for the first time, prior to which the Italians referred it to Assakenoi and dated it to the time of Alexander of Macedonia. Radio carbon (C14) dating confirmed Dani’s theory who had already suggested chronological sequence of the graves from 1750 – 500 BC, dividing it in three periods.

Another important achievement of the Department was excavation of different Buddhist sites of Andhan Dheri, Chatpat, Bambolai, Damkot and others in the Adinzai valley that ultimately led to the establishment of Chakdara Museum in District Dir. On the basis of systematic excavations over here, Professor A. H. Dani developed his theory of the origin of Gandhara Art.

In early seventies late Professor Farzand Ali Durrani of the Department explored some Neolithic and Protohistoric sites like Gumla, Hathala and the famous site of Rehman Dheri in the Gomal Valley that has a far reaching impact on the history of archaeology of the subcontinent. Also in the early seventies under the supervision of Professor Farid Khan important discoveries of Pre and Protohistoric sites such as Islam Chawki, Sheri Khan Tarakai, Lak Largai, Lewan and others were made in the Bannu Basin.

In 1981 and 1982 two grand international symposia in the Pearl Continental Hotel Peshawar were held solely by the Department in which more than 120 delegates including 40 foreigners participated at each event. Apart from this a number of national conferences, workshops and extension lectures have been organised periodically.

In early 1980s a salvage operation under Gandhara Archaeological Project was conducted on a large scale in the Swat valley to explore and excavate potential Buddhist sites. The most important sites excavated under this project are Loebanr, Parrai, Chargpatai, Butkara III and Shnaisha. Making the excavated Buddhist art pieces in relation to their archaeological context as a base, Professor Muhammad Farooq Swati conducted an intensive research on the origin of Buddhist Art (Gandhara


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Art) that led to Ph.D. dissertation of the University of Cambridge. According to the new hypothesis he presented, the origin of the Gandhara Art took place on the soil of Swat valley sometime in the 3rd Century BC that ultimately evolved into the emergence of Gandhara Art and Civilisation at the end of the 1st Century AD. Sharing some broad characteristic features, the Buddhist art extending from the Indus Valley to that of the Oxus in the Northwest is termed as the Indus Oxus School of Buddhist Art. This vast peace of land, due to regional and bio-cultural diversity, can be divided into various art styles akin to specific regions such as Udiyana, Gandhara, Kapisa and Bactria. He also discovered zonal artistic workshops, each active in its respective zone furnishing and refurbishing religious sites throughout the life time of Buddhism in the valley.

While active in executing the Gandhara Archaeological Project, Professor Abdur Rahman and Professor Farid Khan of the Department conducted exploration in the nearby regions of Dir, Bajaur, and Buner enlisting a number of Buddhist sites over there.

Professor Abdur Rahman also conducted archaeological surveys in the Peshawar valley and the districts of Chitral, Kohat and D.I.Khan and discovered a number of new Buddhist, prehistoric and historic period sites.

Professor Taj Ali an authority on Muslim Art, Architecture and archaeology of Pakistan conducted his research on the origin of early Muslim architecture in the sub-continent and was awarded Ph.D. degree by the University of Bonn, Germany, in 1986. Presently on deputation to Berlin in Germany he is working as Professor on Iqbal Chair.

The Ancient land routs of the Peshawar Valley have been traced by Professor Ihsan Ali through an intensive survey of the valley discovering hundreds of settlement and religious sites. He is awarded a Ph.D. degree by the University of Cambridge on his prime work. Presently on deputation to the provincial Directorate of Archaeology, he is engaged in strengthening the foundation of Archaeology by constructing museums in various districts and conducting exploratory, documentary and research activities in the Province.

Dr. M. Nasim Khan an energetic staff member of the Department has been conducting research on diverse fields such as rock art and painting, ancient writing, numismatics and archaeology of the NWFP. Recently his most important work at Kashmir Smast in District Mardan has completely changed a century long concept of the British, Japanese, Italian and Pakistani scholars. All of them assigned the ruins and artefacts from the site to the Buddhist period. Contrary to them, the wisdom of his experience, knowledge and hard work, Nasim Khan declared it a Hindu religious site. The distinguished features of the site and artefacts disclose them among the earliest of their kind ante dating similar Hindu cultural remains by a couple of centuries anywhere in South Asia. On his quality research, he has been awarded with several fellowships by various institutions, including the Royal Asiatic Society.

Currently, the Department is engaged at least in 40 different individual projects most of them leading to Ph.D. and M.Phil. degrees. Research conducted by the faculty is regularly published in its bulletin, Ancient Pakistan, which is widely known for its quality work.

Artefacts from Prehistoric, Protohistoric and Historic period sites down to the Muslim Period retrieved through excavations from all over the Province are housed in the newly constructed University Museum (Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology). Although the establishment of the Museum goes back to 1963, the construction of its new building (completed in 1998) is a precious gift of late Professor Farzand Ali Durrani to the University of Peshawar. It not only provides recreation and education to the general public but also has become the hub of various academic and social activities on the Campus. Scholars and researchers from in


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and abroad do pay their visit once they reach Peshawar. This university museum, the first of its kind in South Asia, presents the entire cultural profile of the Province under a single roof. There is great potential of establishing conservation and radio carbon dating laboratories at the museum. The development of its auditorium into a video conferencing hall is under process. A well furnished conference hall with sound system accommodating 80 people round the table is located on its first floor. To the back of the hall is situated the seminar library of the Department shelving 5000 books and journals.

The Department has successfully accomplished a number of collaborative projects with different universities like Cambridge, Institute of Archaeology, British Museum and Bradford University in UK, Temple and Pennsylvania Universities in USA and Heidelberg in Germany. Currently work under the link programme established with Freie University in Berlin has been started that will be further extended with the passage of time. Links with Cambridge University, British Museum and the Institute of Archaeology, University College London, underway, for which members of the concerned institutions are expected to visit Peshawar shortly. The present symposium is also the outcome of a link programme the Department has signed with the Gandhara Art and Culture Association, Lahore.


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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

• To highlight the latest discoveries made in the cultural heritage ⎯ art, architecture, epigraphy,numismatics and archaeology of ancient Gandhara and other parts of Pakistan, and discussrelated problems.

• Discuss various academic problems and issues in the concerned areas of research.

• Establish and strengthen links between national and international institutions for enhancing thequantity and quality of research.

• Take steps for conservation, preservation and restoration of cultural heritage sites, monumentsand artefacts assisting world heritage programme of UNESCO.

• Promote cultural tourism in the country.

• Disseminating knowledge by passing on the latest information and achievements in differentfields to the university and college teachers.

• Contribute to the national integrity by inviting scholars and researchers from different parts ofthe country.

• Publicise the efforts and works of various institutions and individuals in promotion of nationalheritage.

• Create awareness among the people of value added approach to tangible national heritage.

Benefits to Pakistan

• The Symposium will bring long term economic benefits to country by encouraging andpromoting tourism of tangible heritage, both cultural and natural.

• Strengthen research potential of academic institutions in Pakistan.

• Promote confidence in advancing mutual relationship with participating countries in thechanging perspective of new world order.

• Open vistas to promising youth for seeking higher education and job opportunities in abroad.

• Project the positive and bright image of Pakistan among the international community.


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PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

04-09-2005 Inaugural Session (09:00-10:15)

08:45 Guests take seats

09:00 Recitation from the Holy Quran

09:05 Welcome and Introduction: Prof. (Dr.) M. Farooq Swati, Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar

09:15 Comments by M. Farrukh Irfan Khan, Chairman, Gandhara Art and Culture Association, Lahore

09:25 Views by Maj. Gen. (Retd.) Sayeed-ul-Hassan Zaidi, President, Gandhara Art and Culture Association, Lahore

09:35 Keynote Lecture by Dr. M. Nasim Khan Recent Discoveries at Kashmir Smast, Gandhara

09:55 Inaugural Address: Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Mumtaz Gul, Vice Chancellor, University of Peshawar

10:05 Vote of Thanks: Prof. (Dr.) Ghulam Taqi Bangash, Dean, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Peshawar

10:15 Tea Break

Paper Reading Sessions

04-09-2005 Morning Session (11:00-13:15)

Chair: Prof. Harald Hauptmann

Time (Hours) Speaker Title

11:00-11:20 Prof. Rita Wright Imagery in the Indus Civilisation

11:20-11:40 Prof. Nilofer Shaikh Mature Indus Period Sites in the Thar Desert: Their Distribution and Complexity.

11:40-12:00 Dr. Qasid Hussain Mallah Kot Dijian Sites in Thar Desert.

12:00-12:20 Mr. G. Mohiuddin Veesar An Advance Lithic Technology in Indus period in Thar Desert, Sindh-Pakistan.

12:20-12:40

Prof. Farid Khan, Mr. Robert Knox and

Prof. Ken Thomas

The Anthropomorphic Terracotta Figurines from Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Sites in Bannu and the Gomal Plain.


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12:40-13:00 Mr. Zakirullah Jan Some Newly Discovered Bronze Age Sites in the Gomal Plain, Pakistan.

13:00-13:15 Discussion

13:15-14:15 Lunch

Afternoon session (14:15-16:35)

Chair: Prof. Dr. Abdur Rahman


14:15-14:35 Prof. Harald Hauptmann Foreigners along the Upper Indus. Archaeological Research in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.

14:35-14:55 Prof. Harry Falk New Techniques in Kharo thi Palaeography.

14:55-15:15 Dr. Arundhati Banerji Terracotta female forms from the proto historic Swat.

15:15-15:35

Dr. Massimo Vidale

Dr. Luca M. Olivieri

Dr. Roberto Micheli

Dr. Emanuele Morigi

Mr. Tahir Saeed

Mr. Abdul Nasir

Latest Discoveries in Swat: Archaeological Campaign 2004-2005

15:35-15:55 Mr. Altaf Hussain Mangi Buddhist Votive Tablets from Gul Muhammad Jamro site.

15:55-16:15 Mr. Nidaullah Sehrai Inscribed Relic Casket from Marjane Swat.


16:35-17:05 Tea Break

18:30 Visit to Marghuzar.

Dinner at White Palace (19:30)


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05-09-2005 Morning Session (08:30-12:15)

Chair: Professor Farid Khan


08:30-08:50 Prof. Abdur Rahman Ethnic Profile of Gandhara.

08:50-09:10 Dr. Tigran K. Mkrtychev Gandhara – Bactria: In aspect of development of Buddhist Art

09:10-09:30 Dr. Ikuko Nakagawara A Study on the Buddha and the Black Serpent in the Fire Temple at Urvilva in Kizil, Yungang, Ajanta and Gandhara.

09:30-09:50 Dr. Madhuvanti Ghose Nana: The ‘Original’ Goddess on the Lion

09:50-10:10 Ms. Mastoor Fatima Lotus in the Buddhist Art of Pakistan

10:10-10:30 Ms. Esther Park

Korean Ancient Buddhism Art, the religious and philosophical background of the decorations on the stupas and the design of the monuments


10:40-11:00 Tea Break

11:00-11:20 Mr. Ibrahim Shah The Pa cav ra Cult and its continuity in Northwest Pakistan.

11:20-11:40 Mr. Tauqir Ahmed Waraich

Pre-Islamic Architectural Traditions in Pakistan

11:40-12:00 Mr. Gul Rahim Khan New & Unique Fraction of Kujula Coins from Taxila, Pakistan


12:20 Visit to Malamjaba

Lunch (14:00)

15:00 Tracking at Malamjaba

17:00 Tea at Malamjaba and return


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06-09-2005 Morning Session I (08:30-10:45) Chair: Prof. Dr. Harry Falk


08:30-08:50 Mr. Masaya Masui/ Prof. Setsuko Cornish

Excavation and Preservation at Ranigat, District Buner

08:50-09:10 Prof. Haruko Tscuchiya Topic to be conveyed

09:10-09:30 Mr. Saeed ur Rehman Ranigat: UNESCO Contribution

09:30-09:50 Ms. Nargis Rashid Post-Modern Innovative Technologies and the Cultural Heritage of Gandhara.

09:50-10:10 Mr. Badshah Sardar New Discovery of Buddhist engravings from Ghaligai hill, district Swat.

10:10-10:30 Mr. Safdar Khan Conservation of Cultural Property


10:45-11:15 Tea Break

Morning Session II (11:15-13:10) Chair: Prof. Dr. Nilofer Shaikh


11:15-11:35 Dr. Muhammad Salim The Palaeolithic of Pakistan; Recent Researches

11:35-11:55 Dr. Anjum Rahmani Cholistan, the desert palaces.

11:55-12:15 Mr. Shahbaz Khan Recent Archaeological Discovery in District Chakwal of Salt Range

12:15-12:35 Dr. Farzand Masih Tomb of Shaikh Sadan Shaheed: Connectivity and Continuity.

12:35-12:55 Mr. Shakirullah Kaka Khel Ancestor Adam Baba and His Tomb Karbogha (Kohat) NWFP.


13:10-14:10 Lunch Break

Business and Concluding Session (14:10-15:40) Chair: Prof. Farid Khan

15:45 Site seeing Butkara I,III (16:00-17:45); Tea at Swat Museum (18:00) Museum Visit (18:15-19:00)

19:15 Back to Hotel

21:00 Entertainment


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CONTRIBUTORS

Dr. M. Nasim Khan

Recent Discoveries at Kashmir Smast, Gandhara

Prof. Rita Wright

Imagery in the Indus Civilisation

Prof. Nilofer Shaikh

Mature Indus Period Sites in the Thar Desert: Their Distribution and Complexity.

Dr. Qasid Hussain Mallah

Kot Dijian Sites in Thar Desert

Mr. G. Mohiuddin Veesar

An Advance Lithic Technology in Indus period in Thar Desert, Sindh-Pakistan

Prof. Farid Khan, Mr. Robert Knox and Prof. Ken Thomas

The Anthropomorphic Terracotta Figurines from Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age Sites in Bannu and the Gomal Plain

Zakirullah Jan

Some Newly Discovered Bronze Age Sites in the Gomal Valley, NWFP, Pakistan

Abstract

Gomal Valley, comprising of Districts D.I. Khan and Tank, has great archaeological and cultural potential due to its ideal geographical location. A flood plain of Indus River and its tributaries, it is surrounded on three sides by the mountains of Wazirstan, Suleman, Khisor, Bittani and Marwat Ranges, which linked it to Afghanistan and Central Asia through hospitable passes. Since 1878–79 archaeological investigations were carried out and have revealed the region to be a melting pot of various cultures and civilizations. The University of Peshawar, under Dr. Dani and Durrani, played a leading role in unearthing the Bronze Age cultures in the area. The present author, on behalf of the Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of NWFP, further broadened the cultural horizon of the Gomal Valley and discovered some new and important sites, classified into Neolithic, early Bronze Age, Kot Dijian and mature Harappan periods. The sites are Gulgai Kot I (Neolithic); Darazinda (early bronze age); Maddi, Kot Musa (Kot Dijian) and Kauri Hot, Rohri II, akw a, Umar Daraz Theri I & II and Lal Mahra (Harappan). The discovery of the Harappan settlements extended its frontiers to the Gomal valley, which were previously confined to the main Indus land. These settlements were equally important as the Kot Dijian’s. The presence of all these cultures in the Gomal Valley indicates the importance of the area in the 3rd and 4th millennium BC and the role it played in the origin and development of the Indus Valley Civilization.


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Prof. Dr. Harald Hauptmann

Foreigners along the Upper Indus Archaeological Research in the Northern Areas of Pakistan

Abstract

In the high mountain range of Northern Pakistan, where the Himalayas, the Karakorum, and the Hindukush are blocking the lowlands against the highlands of Central Asia like a barrier, the upper Indus with its tributaries has opened break-throughs. Since prehistoric times they served also gateways to the south for peaceful migrations or hostile invasions, and also as routes for traders and Buddhist pilgrims. Branches of the "Silk Roads" were leading from the Tarim basin and Khotan over the main mountain passes into the gorges of the Indus with the "suspended crosses" as described by the Chinese monk Fa Hsien around 400 A.D. The history of the Northern Areas is known from Chinese records only since the time of the Western Han Dynasty, i.e. since the second century A.D. There have been small principalities in this region, like Great Palur (Bolor) and Little Palur (Bruza), encompassing Baltistan including Astor and the plain of Gilgit including the upper valley up to Yasin. During the 7/8th century the Buddhist rulers of these principalities were caught up in conflicts between Tibet and the Chinese empire. A third power, the lands of the Darada(s), was dominating the southern part of the upper Indus at a stretch from Shatial as far as the gorges beyond Nanga Parbat, but with its political centre in the Kaghan valley. The historical and cultural background of this area during the Buddhist time has been illuminated by numerous rock carvings and inscriptions in Kharosthi, Brahmi, Sogdian, Chinese, and Tibetan. Their importance for future archaeological exploration has been recognized as early as 1884 by K.E. von Ujfalvy and 1902 by A. H. Francke for Baltistan and Ladakh, and 1905 by Ghulam Mohammad for the region of Gilgit and Chilas. A systematic documentation of these monuments around Chilas and Gilgit was started by Ahmad Hasan Dani and the late Karl Jettmar in 1980. Since then as a result of a joint Pak-German research project by the Heidelberg Academy of Humanities and Sciences more than 50.000 petroglyphs and 5.000 inscriptions in the rock art galleries in the gorges of the upper Indus between Shatial in Indus-Kohistan and the bridge of Raikot, along the Gilgit and Hunza valleys and in Baltistan have been registered. During this field work ancient routes, settlements, and graveyards are also documented. The survey of the sites along the southern side of the Indus between Shatial and Chilas has been accomplished. The documentation of sites on the northern side of the Indus valley is still in progress. From the results of the field research the reconstruction of the early history of this region – where the empires were to meet – is obtaining clearer contours. This history since prehistoric times is determined by different waves of foreign invasions and cultural influences.

Definite links between the upper Indus region and the cultural sphere of Central Asia during the third millenium B. C. are witnessed by a group of anthropomorphic pictures related to the Siberian Okunev culture. Since the end of the 2nd millenium B.C. the upper Indus valley in Ladakh and in the Northern Areas is clearly a passage for nomadic groups originating from the central Asian steppes. This early wave of northern nomads is indicated by images of animals, which seem to be "standing on tip-toes". There are dozens of engravings of this style found around Chilas, but also in Ladakh and Western Tibet. They recall representations from Kazakhstan and in the Altai, as on the so-called stag stones from the Altai. Another large group of engravings in the characteristic Eurasian animal style show clear analogies to representations of the 9th-6th century B.C. This new nomadic population may be connected with the spread of the Saka. Some of the ancient settlements and large graveyards, sometimes containing round megalithic structures, may be remnants of this foreign invasion. These carvings and Bronze ornaments as from Kandia show, besides local varieties, direct connections to the Pamir region. The golden ring of Pattan, which has been compared with similar objects from the treasure of Peter the Great and from the recently excavated Kurgan Arzan II, is the most famous witness of one of the different waves of northern nomads. Another group of elegantly carved kneeling animals may recall Achaemenid art. Some of them seem to be related to bronzes of


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Western Zhou China. But, at Thalpan warriors as in the goat sacrifice had been depicted in truly Achaemenid style, thus representing the easternmost influence of the Persian empire in the “Countries of Hindus” since the reign of king Darius I. During the reign of Buddhism Sogdian inscriptions, the engraving of fire altars, tamgas, and even Nestorian crosses are documenting the presence of another important ethnic group. This evidence reveals the eminent role of the Sogdians in the international relations within the inter-Asian network of the Silk-Road. Other inscriptions show the occurrence of foreign names belonging to noble families of Hephtalites, i.e. the Huns. The future systematic archaeological exploration of the valleys along the upper Indus and its tributaries will enrich our knowledge of the ethnic and cultural variety in the Northern Areas since the prehistory.

Prof. Harry Falk

New Techniques in Kharo thi Palaeography

Dr. Arundhati Banerji

Terracotta female forms from the proto historic Swat

Dr. Massimo Vidale, Dr. Luca, M. Olivieri, Dr. Roberto Micheli, Dr. Emanuele Morigi, Mr. Tahir Saeed and Mr. Abdul Nasir

Latest Discoveries in Swat: Archaeological Campaign 2004-2005

Mr. Altaf Hussain Mangi

Buddhist Votive Tablets from Gul Muhammad Jamro site

Mr. Nidaullah Sehrai

Inscribed Relic Casket from Marjane Swat

Abstract

Marjanai is situated at a distance of 21 km northwest of Mingora city in Tehsil Kabal, District Swat in the Amluk Tangi area of the Swagali valley. Marjanai site stand on a terraced field and therefore remained under cultivation for many years sculptures were reported by the owner of the land. The site was excavated under Gandhara Archaeological Project under the supervision of Dr. Abdur Rehman and Mr. Shah Nazar Khan in 1982. Besides structural remains large number of sculptures and few relic caskets were recovered from the sites. Two relic caskets were found inside stupa No. 3. the large one is made of soapstone and is faintly inscribed on the inner side of the lid. The smallone is made of Green Phyllite. Both are having carved lotus flower decoration. The large casket hasa hole in the center which was covered with the lid of the small relic casket and it body was keptinside the large relic casket. In the small relic casket is a tiny pear shape bronze relic casket andwhile shaking it we clearly determine that inside it is either containing a small metal box or scrolls.

Prof. Abdur Rahman

Ethnic Profile of Gandhara

Dr. Tigran K. Mkrtychev

Gandhara – Bactria: In aspect of development of Buddhist Art


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Ikuko Nakagawara

A Study on the Buddha and the Black serpent in the Fire Temple at Urvilva in Kizil, Yungang, Ajanta and Gandhara

Abstract

The story of the Buddha and the black serpent in the fire temple at Uruvilva is the first miracle performed by Buddha in order to convert the influential Kaśyapa brothers and their disciples. This episode was represented in Sanci, Amaravati, Gandhara, Ajanta, Kizil, and Yungang.

Firstly, I will focus on analyzing examples of Kizil Caves in Xinjiang of China, because I find out the fact that a particular type spread out to extensive area at a limited period through the research of Kizil’¯s instances.

Kizil Caves have 9 examples of this episode, that is, Cave 205 (Maya Höhle 2. Anlage), Cave 192, Cave 175 (Versuhungshöhle), Cave 63(Kaśyapahöhle), Cave 110 (Treppenhöhle), Cave 80(Hollentopshöhle), Cave 186, Cave 189(2. Höhle von vorn), and Cave 196(Nagarjahöhle). Among those, Cave 205, Cave 192, Cave 175 and Cave 63 have iconographical common features. The following is:

(1) The Buddha sits in the fire temple in meditating pose.

(2) The Buddha is bound by a venomous serpent with several rolls. The serpent threw up venomoussmokes and flames.

(3) In fire temple is enveloped in flames and smokes.

(4) By the side of the Buddha, Brahman ascetics draw water with a water pot from a pond.

(5) The disciples of Uruvilva Kaśyapa climb up ladders and try to put out the fire.

(6) Uruvilva Kaśyapa stands with a stick by the side of the Buddha.

These paintings are represented on the side wall of aisle, the front wall of main room, or the back wall of the pillar in large screen. Other examples are represented on the ceiling of vault and dome in small size. Because those paintings in this case are limited in space, and those representations are simplified to minimum, that is, the Buddha is bound by a venomous serpent with several rolls and Uruvilva Kaśyapa with a stick and a disciple with a water pot on his shoulder stand on both sides of the Buddha.

Secondly, I will parallel between Kizil and Gandhara, Ajanta, Yungang.

The most characteristic feature of the miracle of fire temple in Kizil is second and the fifth representations, especially disciples climbing up ladders. It goes without saying that there are a close relationship between the bas-reliefs of Gandhara and the wall paintings of Kizil representing Buddha’s life story. In Gandhara, there are several types in the scene of ¡°the miracle of the fire temple¡±. I find out two instances which disciples are climbing up ladders and putting out the fire in the bas-reliefs of Gandhara. One is in Lahore Museum, another one is in Crambrook Museum, Brooklyn of USA. The date of this bas-relief is suspicious about the last period of Gandhara by Ingholt.

In Ajanta Caves, we can find out this theme in the back wall of Cave 9. According to German scholar Dr. Schlingloff, this painting consists of 8 scenes. Among these scenes, second scene has the


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representation of a ladder and a fire-fighting. This painting, which have some retouching, originally is guessed belonging to about the mid- to the last 5th century.

In Yungang Caves, we can find out 5 instances. Among them, only one instance, that is, the Cave 35 has the representation of ladders and fire-fighting. There are small niches of entrance side wall in Cave 35 of Yungang Caves. This niche, in which a cross-legged Maitreya bodhisattva is deified, one of them have the date of 515 ( ), so we can guess that Cave 35 was constructed before 515 year.

This unusual iconography is narrated in only the ( ) fo ben xing ji jing (the last 6th century AD) translated by ( ) She na jue duo.

The mentioned above, I conclude that the iconography depicting the ladders and fire-fighting spread abroad from Gandhara as starting point to Ajanta, Kizil, and Yungang about 5th -6th . This currency is a one-time phenomenon, but no doubt, we can say that one iconographical type of this story was accepted in those districts.

Dr. Madhuvanti Ghose

Nana: The ‘Original’ Goddess on the Lion

Ms. Mastoor Fatima

Lotus in the Buddhist Art of Pakistan

Ms. Esther Park

Korean Ancient Buddhism Art, the religious and philosophical background of the decorations on the stupas and the design of the monuments

Ibrahim Shah

The Pancavira Cult and Its Continuity in Northwest Pakistan

Abstract

Little attention has so far been paid to the study of Hindu art and cult objects in Pakistan. There is dire need to bring forth the ancient cults worshipped here. One among these cults is the Pancavira (or the Five Heroes of the Vrsni clan) greatly honoured and widely adored particularly in the Northwest Pakistan. Apart from literary sources, archaeological evidences abound to substantiate the view. The Pancavira cult, mainly based on Vasudeva-Krsna (an early form of Visnu) in the guise of Bhagavatism attracted some alien rulers of ancient Gandhara to adopt it as part of their religio-political and socio-cultural policy to make room in the hearts of their new subjects for safer and stronger governance.

The cult seems to have flourished here right since 2nd century BCE (in the light of archaeological evidences; although literary references to this effect go back to 5th/4th centuries BCE as recorded by Panini himself) down at least to 2nd century CE; but the evolved Vaisnavism existed side by side Buddhism up to the time of the Hindu Sahi dynasty in 9/10th centuries CE. From this time on till the colonial period we have scanty material evidence when the cult reappeared in disguise. This time the meanings of the cult were transformed from Hinduism to the Muslim adherents who took the five Vrsni viras for the Muslim saints and men of high religious calibre who played a dominant role in the spread of Islam on this soil. The cult spread far and wide in different parts of the Indian


59

subcontinent as far east as modern Bangladesh where a shrine is reported with the same ideology in the minds of the neighbouring inhabitants

The present paper aims at highlighting the archaeological potential of the cult and its new face among the Muslim dwellers of Northwest Pakistan with the main emphasis on the Panj Pir shrines in the Peshawar valley or ancient Gandhara. The main objective of the paper is to invite attention of the scholars to help solve the problem of the chronological hiatus that hinders the ideology associated with the Panjpir shrines from the ancient and the medieval Pancavira cult.

Mr. Tauqir Ahmed Waraich

Pre-Islamic Architectural Traditions in Pakistan

Mr. Gul Rahim Khan

New & Unique Fraction of Kujula Coins from Taxila, Pakistan

Abstract

Kujula Kadphises the first recognised king of the Kushans who had founded the Kushan empire in Afghanistan in the mid of first century AD and then was able to extend it up to the Punjab (Pakistan). The coins of this ruler are common and all struck in copper are normally found in Uzbekistan, Tadzikistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan. In Pakistan, Taxila in general, Sirkap in particular yielded a great treasure of coins of the king.

While Kujula Kadphises was the first ruler of the dynasty therefore no appropriate patron was developed to which the Kushan coins could be identified. Before him the chiefs of the Yue-chi to which his family Kuei-shuang was also belonged, settled in the Bactria region, always imitated the Greek coins for the purpose. Taking into consideration Kujula also followed the same practice hence the basic pattern of his coins was based on the Hermaeus, the last Indo-Greek king in Kabul Valley and Gandhara. Besides this his coins also show the various features of other contemporary dynasties and regional traditions. In this way the coins of Kujula are interesting and important for understanding the early history of the Kushans and their coinage. Some of the coins of Kujula are also known for their debatable nature like the ‘Heraus issues’ which the scholars normally consider for a separate king, the predecessor of Kujula. In this regards the Joe’s explanation is convincible and now widely accepted that the issues of these coins was Kujula Kadphises. Here the fractional coins confirm this concept as such the half coin (chiselled coin 1.1) of ‘Heraus’ is included in the group of subject coins. The Taxila coins prove that the fractional (chiselled coins) was the practice of king Kujula and not of his successors or predecessors. Hence this piece of evidence obviously supports the opinion of Joe Cribb.

These arrangements of groups are known to represent different mints in the certain localities, e.g. the Augustus portrait type coins were issued from the eastern mint located in central Chach and the Heraus coins in Bactria.

Studying the Kushan coins of Taxila excavated by J. Marshall in the first half of the 20th century, the Sirkap coins found interesting for the research of Early Kushan coinage and history. This site presents a massive number of coins of Kujula Kadphises and luckily containing all the main types mentioned above. These fractioned are found in cut pieces of the actual coins. They were by means executed in half (1/2), quarter (1/4) and three-fourth (3/4) where the last group is little bit suspicious because the cut edge is not much conspicuous and the number of such coins also limited.


60

Kujula struck his coins in different range of weight but the small denomination was not a common practice except the nature of types such as king seated cross-legged with standing Zeus reduced weight. It was probably due to the shortage of small denominations once its need was felt then the intact and ordinary coins of all types were allowed and turned to be broken and legally accepted for circulation.

My thanks to DG Archaeology Fazal Dad Kakar and the Department of Archaeology, Govt. of Pakistan who granted me permission for the study of Taxila coins. I have my gratitude to the staff members of the Taxila Museum and specially Dr. M. Ashraf for their kind cooperation and hospitality.

Dr. Masaya Masui and Setsuko Cornish

Excavation and Preservation at Ranigat, District Buner

Abstract

Located in the present Buner District, N.W.F.P, in a hilly area, Ranigat is one of the largest Buddhist sites in Gandhara. A core area of the site was excavated by the Kyoto University missions, led by Prof. Nishikawa, carried out between 1983 and 1992, as a result of which more than ninety stupas and another structures were discovered. Much of remains were looted to a large extent due to the illegal diggings. However, the lower part of structural remains had often remained untouched and the several precious objects were discovered, though in a fragmented condition, such as the lower part of Kushan aristocrat in stone. Also, a large number of pieces of pottery are discovered from the soil carried to the site for the land development and several trenches, which provided the chronology of pottery and the dating of the Ranigat temple itself; the first stage of the site should be some time later than the last period of the 1st century A. D. and the latest period of the Buddhist temple should be in the 6 century A. D.

After the excavation, the preservation work has been carried out thanks to the combined effort of Pakistani and Japanese experts since 1996 as a pilot project of the UNESCO/Japan Fund in Trust Project for the Preservation of Gandhara Monuments.

This paper reports the summary of the excavation result and the progress of the preservation of the site. Prof. Haruko Tscuchiya

Topic to be conveyed

Mr. Saeed ur Rehman

Ranigat: UNESCO Contribution

Nargis Rashid

Information & Communication Technologies and the Cultural Heritage of Gandhara

Abstract Information Science, Information Technology, Advanced Technologies or Information & Communication Technology all are the various names of 21st century post-modern Innovative Technologies (PMIT) describes as the sciences concerned with gathering and manipulating and storing and retrieving and classifying recorded information.


61

In the short span of a few years, we have witnessed enormous progression in our ability to provide access to multi-media documents in a distributed information environment. The revolution in the information access and dissemination resulting from digitization and networking is creating new opportunities on both the production and consumption side of information and knowledge. The changes bring with them the opportunity for individuals to create and publish multimedia documents and to share cultural heritage materials with a world-wide audience. Now diverse communities are becoming enabled to capture and share their culture in integrated media formats (text, image, animation, video, audio, hyper linking, and computer codes). At the same time Higher Educational Institutions and organizations can draw more attention to make available primary sources over the Internet to enrich learning and cultural appreciation. With advances in the creation, dissemination, display and retrieval of network and digital information, there is now enormous potential to increase the accessibility of cultural heritage information. Digital technologies make information independent of distance and time, and it is also possible for any one person or group of persons to have access to a large body of cultural heritage materials or ideas, to study them, combine them in new ways, and make their results available to anyone else.

The Advanced world has made the application of information technology in the heritage sector as well such as libraries, archives, and museums etc. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) are playing an increasingly central role in the work of organizations which act to conserve, preserve, and improve access to our cultural and natural heritage. The use of above mentioned technologies allows achieving goals of important cultural value which are beyond the reach of traditional tools and certainly provides the links to the world outside to renowned art, archaeology, and history museums; inside online museum galleries for special exhibitions; and to electronic journals, image collections; and artists' works in progress.

This paper will describe an initiative which seeks to expand the reach of Cultural Heritage of Gandhara materials through the use of digital Information and Communication Technology. The need for educating professionals in cultural outreach has become apparent with the recent exponential developments in information technology and the wide-spread dissemination of "anytime/anyplace" information. The dissemination and fruition of cultural heritage benefits from the use of these technologies. Moreover synergies can be obtained from connecting museums, libraries, and archives; and this will no doubt open up our cultural heritage of Gandhara to new avenues of exploration.

Mr. Badshah Sardar

New Discovery of Buddhist engravings from Ghaligai hill, district Swat

Mr. Safdar Khan

Conservation of Cultural Property

Dr. Muhammad Salim

The Palaeolithic of Pakistan; recent researches

Abstract We have discovered now stratified Palaeolithic sites. The earliest of 2.2 my one pebble tools from the Pinjor. Overlying upper Siwalik Conglomerate has Acheulian handaxe-cleaver-picles. Later after 4 lakh years we discover hand axes on Lei conglomerate. Middle palaeolithic is found in the Loess. Late Palaeolithic is at Rohri Hills. The Mesolithic tools, hearths are found on surface of loess.


62

Dr. Anjum Rahmani

Cholistan, the desert palaces

Mr. Shahbaz Khan

Recent Archaeological Discovery in District Chakwal of Salt Range

Dr. Farzand Masih

Tomb of Shaikh Sadan Shaheed: Connectivity and Continuity

Shakirullah

Kaka Khel ancestor Adam Baba and his Tomb at Karbogha (Kohat) N.W.F.P

Abstract

Kohat is the divisional headquarter, situated about 64 km in south of Peshawar, comprises on three districts Huangu, Kohat and Karak. It is sandwiched between Bannu and Peshawar. Its western boundary is marked by the Tribal area and the eastern by the river Indus. The word Kohat, probably meaning "Hill Market Town" (Koh-hat) is occasionally mentioned in historical literature particularly of the time of the Mughals.

Hadrat Adam, the ancestor of the present KakaKhel,s in NWFP, was born at Khost (Afghanistan) in 806.H/A.D.1403. He studied under the Mulana Qasim Allah and Shaikh Wajih al-Din, well knownscholars of his time. Then he came to Hindustan and became the follower of Hadrat Shaikh Nur al-Din Qutub-i Alam Bangali. He was under their surveillance for a few years and then came backhome (Khost). Most of the time he kept himself busy in teaching and preaching of Islam. After thedeath of his father, he came to Karbogha (Kohat) and settled there at a place know as MamanroGundai ( ), where in 872.H/A.D.1467, he died at the age of 64. He is buried there on top ofthe same low mound. Every year thousands of people from different areas visit his last resting place.It is located 9km south of Doaba on the main Kohat-Hango road and may be reached by a metalledroad.

The tom building is square in plan externally marked by sunk pointed tall arches, one on each side. In the middle of the east side is an entrance having wooden frame of a wooden door. This square chamber has four round minarets one in each corner, while the dome is missing. This tomb building is now in a very poor state of preservation and needs immediate attention of the authorities. The under discussion may be dated some where in the last quarter of 18th century or the first quarter of 19th century.

Dr. M. Rafique Mughal

Impact of Discoveries in the Frontier Region on the Archaeology of South Asia


63

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

International Delegates

1. Prof. Dr. Harald Hauptmann

Heidelberg Academy for the Humanities and Sciences

Karlstrasse 4, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Email: [email protected]

Germany

2. Mrs. Harald Hauptmann

C/O Prof. Harald Hauptmann, Heidelberg Academy for the Humanities and Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany

Germany

3. Prof. Dr. Harry Falk Freie Universitat Berlin, Institut fur Indische Philologie und Kunstgeschichte, Konigin-Luise-Str. 34AD Berlin


Germany

4. Dr. Arundhati Banerji Archaeological Survey of India, Janpath New Delhi – 110011, India


India

5. Dr. E. Morigi IsIAO Centro Scavi e Ricerche Archeologiche in Asia, Via Merulana, 248-00185 Roma, Italy

Italy

6. Dr. Luca M. Olivieri IsIAO Centro Scavi e Ricerche Archeologiche in Asia, Via Merulana, 248-00185 Roma, Italy

Italy

7. Dr. Massimo Vidale IsIAO Centro Scavi e Ricerche Archeologiche in Asia, Via Merulana, 248-00185 Roma, Italy

Italy

8. Dr. Roberto Micheli IsIAO Centro Scavi e Ricerche Archeologiche in Asia, Via Merulana, 248-00185 Roma, Italy

Italy

9. Dr. Ikuko Nakagawara

Research Associate, Dept. of Aesthetics and Art History

School of Letters, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, Email: [email protected]

Japan

10. Dr. Masaya Masui Associate Professor of Architectural History & Conservation, School of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women’s University, Nara, 630 Japan


Japan


64

11. Prof. Haruko Tsuchiya

1-13-6 Omachi Kamakura 248-0007, Japan


Japan

12. Dr. Tigran K. Mkrtychev

Chief of Sector Central Asia, State Museum of Oriental Art, Research Institute, 119019, Moscow, Russia


Russian

13. Dr. Madhuvanti Ghose

Lecturer, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London


UK

14. Dr. Setsuko Cornish Email: [email protected] UK

15. Prof. Ken Thomas Institute of Archaeology, University College London.


UK

16. Dr. Robert Knox Keeper, Asian Departments,

The British Museum


UK

17. Prof. Rita Wright Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Archaeologist, New York University, New York, USA


USA

National Delegates

1. Dr. Fazal Dad Kakar Director General, Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad

Islamabad

2. Mr. Badshah Sardar Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.

Islamabad

3. Mr. Hiroshi Azuma Deputy Chief of the Mission, Japanese Embassy, Blue Area. Email: [email protected]

Islamabad

4. Mr. Khalid Saeed Haroon

23, St. 11, Sector F 6/3, Islamabad Islamabad

5. Mr. Raja Tridiv Roy House No. 277, Chakma House, Gomal Road, E-7, Islamabad

Islamabad

6. Ms. Musarrat Nahid Imam

Curator, National Art Gallery, # 77, St. 48, F-7/4, Islamabad

Islamabad

7. Ms. Tahira Tanveer Deputy Director, National Archives, Islamabad. Islamabad 8. Mr. Saeed ur Rehman Former DG Archaeology, Apartment No. 38-B, Karachi


65

Askari III, School Road, Karachi Cantt., Tel: 9202941

9. Prof. Nargis Rashid Chairperson, Department of General History and Archaeology, University of Karachi, Karachi Email: [email protected]

Karachi

10. Dr. Qasid Hussain Mallah

Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh. Email: [email protected]

Khairpur

11. Mr. Altaf Hussain Mangi

Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh.

Khairpur

12. Mr. G. Mohiuddin Veesar

Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh. Email: [email protected]

Khairpur

13. Ms. Tasleem Alam Abro

Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Sindh.

Khairpur

14. Prof. Mastoor Fatima Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh. Email: [email protected]

Khairpur

15. Prof. Nilofer Shaikh Chairperson, Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh. Email: [email protected]

Khairpur

16. Dr. Anjum Rahmani Former Director, Lahore Museum, Lahore. Lahore

17. Dr. Farzand Masih Chairman, Department of Archaeology, Punjab University, Lahore

Lahore

18. Dr. M. Rafique Mughal

Former Director General, Department of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Pakistan. Email: [email protected]

Lahore

19. Mr. Javed Masud Managing Director, The Pakistan Credit Rating Agency (Pvt) Ltd. Awami Complex, FB-1, Usman Block, New Garden Town, Lahore

Lahore

20. Mr. M. Farrukh Irfan Khan

United Trade Mark & Patent Services, West End Building, 61-The Mall, Lahore

Lahore

21. Mr. Mohsin M. Syed Chairman, Punjab Industrial Estates, 1st Floor, Saudi Pak House, 14-Egerton Road, Lahore

Lahore

22. Mr. Muhammad Farooq Naseem

12-C, Block-K, Main Boulevard, Gulberg II,Lahore

Lahore

23. Mr. Nayyar A, Ilyas House No. 18-C, Model Town Lahore Lahore

24. Mr. Orya Maqbool Jan Abbasi

Director General, Department of Archaeology & Museums, Govt. of the Punjab, Lahore

Lahore

25. Mr. Shahbaz Khan Director, Directorate of Archaeology & Museums, Govt. of the Punjab, Lahore Email: [email protected]

Lahore

26. Mr. Talib Hussain Deputy Director, Department of Archaeology & Museums, Govt. of the Punjab, Lahore

Lahore

27. Mr. Tauqeer Ahmed Waraich

Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Punjab University, Lahore

Lahore


66

28. Mr. Zulfiqar Rahim 73-W, Defence Housing Authority.Email: [email protected]

Lahore

29. Mrs. Farrukh Irfan Khan

C/O United Trade Mark & Patent Services, West End Building, 61-The Mall, Lahore

Lahore

30. Mrs. Nayyar A. Ilyas C/O House No. 18-C, Model Town, Lahore Lahore 31. Ms. Humera Alam Keeper, Lahore Museum, Lahore Lahore

32. Ms. Kyosoon Park (Esther)

73-W, Defence Housing Authority, Lahore Lahore

33. Professor Saeed Akhtar

House No. 41-D, Valencia Housing Society, Lahore

Lahore

34. Mr. Safdar Khan

Archaeological Chemist, Department of Archaeology and Museums, Govt. of Pakistan, Mohenjodaro Email: [email protected]

Mohenjo-daro

35. Dr. Ihsan Ali Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

36. Dr. M. F. Swati Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

37. Dr. M. Nasim Khan Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

38. Dr. Taj Ali Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

39. Mr. Asad Ali Photo Superintendent, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

40. Mr. Asim Amin Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

41. Mr. Bahadar Khan Deputy Director, Sub-Regional Office, Department of Archaeology and Museums, Govt. of Pakistan, Peshawar.

Peshawar

42. Mr. Gul Rahim Assistant Curator, SSAQ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

43. Mr. Ibrahim Shah Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

44. Mr. M. A. Durrani Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar

Peshawar

45. Mr. Naeem Bacha Surveyor-cum-Draftsman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

46. Mr. Naeem Qazi Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar

Peshawar


67

47. Mr. Nidaullah Sehrai Assistant Curator, SSAQ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

48. Mr. Shakirullah

Assistant Research Officer, SSAQ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

49. Mr. Zakirullah Jan Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

50. Prof. Dr. Abdur Rehman

Former Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar

Peshawar

51. Prof. Farid Khan Former Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Email: [email protected]

Peshawar

52. Prof. Fidaullah Sehrai Former Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar

Peshawar

53. Maj. Gen. (Retd.) Sayeed-ul-Hassan Zaidi

House No. 55, St. 27, Valley Road, West Ridge, Rawalpindi

Rawalpindi

54. Maj. Gen. (Retd.) Sikandar Hayat

House No. 706, St/No. 3, Chaklala Scheme-3, Rawalpindi.

Rawalpindi

55. Mrs. Sayeed-ul-Hassan Zaidi

C/O House No. 55, St/No. 27, Valley Road, West Ridge, Rawalpindi

Rawalpindi

56. Mr. M. Iqbal Chawla Chawala Soap Factory, St. 1, Block-1, Sargodha Sargodha


68

ORGANISING COMMITTEES

Executing Committee

1. Prof. (Dr.) M. Farooq Swati2. Dr. M. Nasim Khan3. Mr. Ibrahim Shah4. Mr. Shakirullah5. Mr. Asim Amin

Proceedings & Publication Committee

1. Prof. (Dr.) M. Farooq Swati2. Dr. M. Nasim Khan3. Mr. Ibrahim Shah

Accounts Management Committee

1. Mr. Ibrahim Shah2. Mr. M. Naeem

Reception & Facilitation Committee

1. Mr. Gul Rahim Khan2. Mr. M. Naeem3. Mr. Shakirullah

Media Coverage Committee

1. Mr. Ibrahim Shah2. Mr. Asad Ali3. Mr. Shakirullah

Ancient P

akistan, Vol. X

VII - 2006

Symposium

69

S.tfa

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Presentation of Papers by Scholars at 'First International Sympol'lium on Latest Discoveries in th.e Cultural Heritage of Ancient Gandh.ara and Other Parts of Pakistan' HeJd in Swat from 4th to 61h September 2005

Autb<tr Article / Prcscntation Add=,• Co1111try

PoreigDe.is along lhe Upper I.Dd1Js. Archaeolo&ical Reseaa:b in Heidelber8 Academy fol lhe Hwwu,ities WJd Sciences

Pror. Harald Ha11ptmann the Northern Areas of Pakismn. Karl,tra"'c 4, D-69117 Hcifolberg, Gm:nany Gemrany

Email; wlJ!l:,lkh{i!! ~rrur:,w:

P.reie Uoive.illi1at Berlin Gcrmimy

1:nstitut fur l:ndisclm Philologie und Kun:,tgcschichlc Prof. Harry flalk Ne.w Techmques in Kharo~tbi Palaeo8raphy.

K.onigin-Llli$1l-S1r. 34A D-14195 Berlin, Go,rn111y

Archaeological Smvey of India

Dr. Aru:ndhati B,rnerji Terracotta female form, from the ]Jroto historic. ."iwat. JaDpathNe.w Delhi- 110011

India India Em:ril: mashi!il!rmLnet, nrnbi!!!Jlf.!l:l!!:!oo.com

Dr. M,as,.;mo Vidale Latest Di11CC1Yi:-.tie& in Swat: Atchaeological Campaign 2004-IsIAO Centro &avi e Ticerche Aroheologiche ill Asia, via. Merulana. 24&-0018S Roma I1aly

W05 lraly

Chief of Seclllr Central Asia, Stale Mlllleum of Oriental Art, Research Institute, 119019, Moscow

D.c. Ti,gran K. Mkrtychev Gandhw:o - Boctri11: [n aspect of developmeot ofBuddhist Art RUB.io, Nilihly bi,d. 12-A Rw.iilo


Research Associate. Department of Aesthetic~ and Art Hirstory,

A Swdy on the B11ddba and the Black Serpent in the Fire School of Letters, Nagoya Univmiry

Dr. Ilrnko Nakagawara Furo-cho, Chikllia-lru. Nagoya, 464-8601 Japa11 Temple at Ui:v.ilva in K.izil, YllDgang, Ajanta !l.!1d GaJ:i(lliam.

Japan. Email: nakasaww:[email protected]. inog~g~IJ.l:11,!ll: ~Ill! 1.2!!!

Lecturer. School of Orienta.I and Afi:icait Stu.Ji..,, University Dr. M.adl:ruvonti Ghose Nano: 1be 'Original' Goddess on the Um College Loodon. lJK UK

Elllll'il: [email protected]

KOREAN ANCIBNTBUDDHISM ART. the reli$ioUB and Mli. E!tbe.r Pock pbi]Ollopbiclll. bacl:grollDd of the c\ecocatiOJlll oo lhe ilDpos Md 73-W. Defence Hous.ic_g Authwity, Wore South Korea

1be desigD llf 1be IJlllJll!JDenls

Associate Professor of Arcb:il>:cturol Hi,lory & Conso,vation, Depntrnent c,f Residential llaviromnont & Dosign, SchoDl of

Mr. MasayaMasu:i Excavation and Preservation .at Ranigat, District Bun& Hum811Life andE11.vironment, Nara Women's University Japa11 Kira Uoya Ni,himacbi, Nara, 630 Japa11


Remarks

Paper for publication :not ,ocoivod

Poper fur publication not received

Paper received fur publication

Paper for publication :not ,ocoivod

Paperilr publication not received

Paperfor publication not rocoivod

Paper for publication not rocoivod

Paper fer publication not received

Paper for Jlllblication not received

Ancient P

akistan, Vol. X

VII - 2006

Symposium

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10. Prof. Haruko Tscuchiya The Darel Valley: the Chinese sources and the field research 1-13-6 Omachi Kamakura 248-0007 Paper received for (1998-2004) Japan, Email: [email protected]

Japan publication

Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology Paper for Archaeologist, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New 11. Prof. Rita Wright lmagery in the Indus Civilisation

York, N.Y. 10003, USA USA publi.cation not

received Email: [email protected]

5 - Park View, St. No. 3, Morgah Mor, P.O. Attock oil

12. Dr. Muhammad Salim The Palaeolithic of Pakistan; Recent Researches company, House at the back of PSO Petrol Pump and NJ

Islamabad Paper received for College, Rawalpindi. publication Mobile:0300-5305443

13. Mr. Badshab Sardar New Discovery ofBuddhist engravings from Gbaligai hill, Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, AJlama Islamabad Paper received for

district Swat. Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. publication

Apartment No. 38-B, Askari ill, School Road, Karachi Cantt., Paper for

14. Mr. Saeed ur Rebman Ranigat: UNESCO Contribution Tel: 021-9202941 Karachi publication not

received

Post-Modem Innovative Technologies and the Cultural Assistant Professor, Department of General History and Paper for

15. Ms. Nargis Rashid Archaeology, University of Karachi, Karachi. Karachi publication not Heritage of Gandbara. Email: [email protected]. [email protected] received

Mature Indus Period Sites in the Thar Desert: Their Professor/ Chairperson, Department of Archaeology, Shah Paper for

16. Prof. Nilofer Shaikh Distribution and Comple:itity.

Abdul Latif University Kbairpur publication not Kbairpur Sindb, Email: [email protected] received

Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Paper for 17. Dr. Qasid Hussain Mallah Kot Dijian Sites in Thar Desert. Kbairpur Sindh. Kbairpur publication not

Email: [email protected] received

An Advance Llthic Technology in Indus period in Thar Desert, Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology Paper for

18. Mr. G. Mohiuddin Veesar Sindb-Pakistan. Shah Abdul Latif University, Kbairpur Sindb Khairpur publication not Email: [email protected] received

Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology Paper for 19. Ms. Mastoor Fatima Lotus in the Buddhist Art of Pakistan Shah Abdul Latif University, Kbairpur Sindb. Kbairpur publication not

Email: [email protected] received

Mr. Tauqir Ahmed Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology Paper for 20. Pre-ls.lamic Architectural Traditions in Pakistan Labore publication not

Waraicb Punjab University, Labore received

House No-3, Street No. 14, Barkat Town Paper for 21. Dr. Anjum Rahmani Cbolistan: The Desert Palaces.

G.T. Road, Sbabdara, Labore Labore publication not

received

Recent Archaeological Discovery in District Chakwal of Salt Director, Directorate of Archaeology (Nizamat-e--Aa!!i,ar), I" Paper for

22. Mr. Shahbaz Khan Floor, Aiwan-i-Awqaf, Sbabrab-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Labore Labore publication not Range

Email: ~l!ah~zkbang@l!o!ml!i!.com received

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Symposium

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Lahore Paper for 23. Dr. Farzand Masib Tomb of Shaikh Sadan Shaheed: Connectivity and Continuily.

Chairman, Department of Archaeology, Punjab University, publication not

Lahore, Tel: 042-9231285 received

24. Mr. Safdar Khan Conservation of Cultural Property Archaeological Chemist, Tax:ila Museum

Mohenjodaro Paper received for

Taxila, Email: [email protected] publication

Prof. Farid Khan, House No. 3, Street No. 1 Sector J-3 Paper for 25. Mr. Robert Kno:x and The Anthropomorphic Terracotta Figurines from Neolithic

Phase-II Hayat Abad Peshawar Peshawar publication not Sites in Bannu and the Gomal Plain. Prof. Keo Thomas Email: [email protected] received

Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Paper for

26. Mr. Zakirullah Jan Some Newly Broore Age Sites in the Gomal Plain, Pakistan. Peshawar

Peshawar publication not received

SSAQ Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology Paper for 27. Mr. Nidau!Jab Sebrai loscribed Relic Casket from Marjane Swat. Peshawar publication not

University of Peshawar, Peshawar received

28. Prof. Abdur Rahman Ethnic Profile of Gandhira. House No. SB-7, University Campus, Peshawar University,

Peshawar Paper received for

Tel: 840639 publication

The Panjpi.r Shrines in the Peshawar Valley: Significance of Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, Paper for 29. Mr. Cbrahim Shah the Pancavira Cult and Its Transference into the Muslim Peshawar Peshawar publication not

Traditions of the Indian Subcontinent. Email: [email protected] received

30. Mr. Gui Rahim Khan New & Unique Fraction of Kujula Coins from Tax:ila, Pakistan SSAQ Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology

Peshawar University of Peshawar, Peshawar

31. Mr. Sbakirullab Kaka Khel Ancestor Adam Baba and His Tomb Karbogha SSAQ Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology

Peshawar Paper received for

(Kohat) NWFP. University of Peshawar, Peshawar publication

32. Mr. M. Habiballah Khan

Recent Discovery Badal Pur Buddhist Sancruary: an overview Deputy Di.rector, Department of Archaeology & Museums,

Taxila Paper received for

Khattak Government of Pakistan, Taxila publication


72

LIST OF DELIGATES

S# Name Address/Country Country

1. Prof. Dr. Harry Falk Freie Universitat Berlin, Institut fur Indische Philologie und Kunstgeschichte, Konigin-Luise-Str. 34AD Berlin, Germany

Germany

2. Dr. Arundhati Banerji Archaeological Survey of India, Janpath New Delhi – 110011, India India

3. Dr. Ikuko Nakagawara Research Associate, Dept. of Aesthetics and Art History, School of Letters, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Japan

4. Prof. Haruko Tsuchiya 1-13-6 Omachi Kamakura 248-0007, Japan Japan

5. Dr. Tigran K. Mkrtychev Chief of Sector Central Asia, State Museum of Oriental Art, Research Institute, 119019, Moscow, Russia

Russia

6. Dr. Madhuvanti Ghosh Lecturer, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, UK

UK

7. Dr. Setsuko Cornish Email: [email protected]

UK UK

8. Mr. Hiroshi Azuma Deputy Chief of the Mission, Japanese Embassy, Blue Area, Islamabad. Pakistan

9. Prof. Ghulam Taqi Bangash Dean, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Peshawar Pakistan

10. Prof. M. Farooq Swati Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

11. Dr. M. Nasim Khan Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

12. Dr. Fazal Dad Kakar Director General, Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad Pakistan

13. Mr. Saeed ur Rehman Former DG, Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan.

Pakistan

14. Prof. Nilofer Shaikh Chairperson, Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh.

Pakistan

15. Prof. Nargis Rashid Chairperson, Department of General History and Archaeology, University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan

16. Dr. Taj Ali Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

17. Dr. Farzand Masih Chairman, Department of Archaeology, Punjab University, Lahore Pakistan

18. Prof. Farid Khan Former Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

19. Prof. Dr. Abdur Rehman Former Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

20. Prof. Fidaullah Sehrai Former Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

21. Dr. Ihsan Ali Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

22. Prof. Dr. Harald Hauptmann Heidelberg Academy for the Humanities and Sciences, Karlstrasse 4, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Pakistan

23. Mrs. Harald Hauptmann Heidelberg Academy for the Humanities and Sciences, Karlstrasse 4, D- Pakistan


73

69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

24. Prof. Mastoor Fatima Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh.

Pakistan

25. Ms. Tahira Tanveer Deputy Director, National Archives, Islamabad. Pakistan

26. Mr. Shakirullah Assistant Research Officer, SSAQ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

27. Mr. Ibrahim Shah Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

28. Mr. Asim Amin KPO, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

29. Mr. Zakirullah Jan Lecturer, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

30. Mr. Asad Ali Photo Superintendent, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

31. Mr. Gul Rahim Assistant Curator, SSAQ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of Peshawar

Pakistan

32. Mr. Nidaullah Sehrai Assistant Curator, SSAQ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of Peshawar Pakistan

33. Mr. Muhammad Naeem Surveyor-cum-Draftsman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar

Pakistan

34. Mr. Tauqeer Ahmed Waraich

Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Punjab University, Lahore

Pakistan

35. Dr. Anjum Rahmani Former Director, Lahore Museum, Lahore. Pakistan

36. Ms. Tasleem Alam Abro Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh. Pakistan

37. Ms. Susanne Cicha Department of South Asian History, vonboldt University, Berlin. Pakistan

38. Mr. Altaf Hussain Mangi Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh. Pakistan

39. Dr. Qasid Hussain Mallah Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh. Pakistan

40. Mr. G. M. Veesar Assistant Professor, Department of Archaeology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh.

Pakistan

41. Mr. Badshah Sardar Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. Pakistan

42. Mr. Safdar Khan Archaeological Chemist, Department of Archaeology and Museums, Govt. of Pakistan, Mohenjodaro

Pakistan

43. Mr. Bahadar Khan Deputy Director, Sub-Regional Office, Department of Archaeology and Museums, Govt. of Pakistan, Peshawar.

Pakistan

44. Mr. M. Ilyas Bhatti Curator, Taxila Museum, Taxila. Pakistan

45. Mr. Habibullah Khattak Department of Archaeology & Museums, Govt. of Pakistan, Islamabad Pakistan

46. Mr. Suleman Shah Assistant Director, NFCH, Islamabad Pakistan

47. Ms. Susanne Cicha Department South Asian History, Hamboldt University, Berlin. Germany

48. Dr. M. Ashraf Department of Archaeology & Museums, Govt. of Pakistan, Islamabad Pakistan

49. Dr. M. Arif Department of Archaeology & Museums, Govt. of Pakistan, Islamabad Pakistan


74

50. Mr. M. Farrukh Irfan Khan United Trade Mark & Patent Services, West End Building, 61-The Mall, Lahore

Pakistan

51. Mrs. Farrukh Irfan Khan Do Pakistan

52. Mr. Muhammad Farooq Naseem 12-C, Block-K, Main Boulevard, Gulberg II, Lahore Pakistan

53. Maj. Gen. (R) Sayeed-ul-Hassan Zaidi

House No. 55, St/No. 27, Valley Road, West Ridge, Rawalpindi Pakistan

54. Mrs. S. H. Zaidi House No. 55, St/No. 27, Valley Road, West Ridge, Rawalpindi Pakistan

55. Ms. Kyosoon Park (Esther) 73-W, Defence Housing Authority, Lahore South Korea

56. Mr. Zulfiqar Rahim 73-W, Defence Housing Authority, Lahore Pakistan

57. Mr. Nayyar A. Ilyas House No. 18-C, Model Town Lahore Pakistan

58. Mrs. Nayyar A. Ilyas House No. 18-C, Model Town Lahore Pakistan

59. Mr. M. Iqbal Chawla Chawala Soap Factory, St/No. 1, Block-1, Sargodha Pakistan

60. Professor Saeed Akhtar House No. 41-D, Valencia Housing Society, Lahore Pakistan

61. Maj. Gen. (R) Sikandar Hayat House No. 706, St/No. 3, Chaklala Scheme-3, Rawalpindi. Pakistan

62. Mr. Javed Masud Managing Director, The Pakistan Credit Rating Agency (Pvt) Ltd. Awami Complex, FB-1, Usman Block, New Garden Town, Lahore

Pakistan

63. Mr. Mohsin M. Syed Chairman, Punjab Industrial Estates, 1st Floor, Saudi Pak House, 14-Egerton Road, Lahore

Pakistan

64. Ms. Mussarrat Nahid Imam Curator, National Art Gallery, # 77, St/No. 48, F-7/4, Islamabad Pakistan

65. Mr. Raja Tridiv Roy House No. 277, Chakma House, Gomal Road, E-7, Islamabad Sri Lanka

66. Mr. Khalid Saeed Haroon 23 St. 11, Sector F 6/3, Islamabad Pakistan

67. Mrs. Qamar Abbas Gandhara Art and Culture Association, Lahore. Pakistan

• f -= - -. .-

Managerial staff of the Rock City Hotel welcome the deligates

Participants of the Symposium

.

• •

RECERriiION, REGIST!RA'IiION AND ~LCOME mo iEHE DELIGATES

1 INAUGURATION AND REGULAR SESSIONS OF THE SYMPOSIUM

REGULAR SESSION OF THE SYMPOSIUM

A;;i �h;�a and Other Parts of PaK1stan4 lh-6th Sept 2005 at Rock City Hotel.Swat

L uvv Jl nut,;� \.,fly no Lei, JVYdl

, dhara and Other Parts of Pakistan pt. 2005 at Rock City Hotel. Swat

Puh,,.., Jnd C,odh,ra Ari and Cull1111

REGULAR SESSION OF THE SYMPOSIUM

!f"a c2flU VLllvl I (II L.;) VI I UROVHOO

2005 al Rock City Hotel. Swat

�CURSION TO,�f\MJ�i\. AND VISIT TO ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES--- ' J�·,\,.,. • .. , • • \

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGYjournals.uop.edu.pk/papers/AP_v17_43to74.pdf · founding Chairman...

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Transcript of DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGYjournals.uop.edu.pk/papers/AP_v17_43to74.pdf · founding Chairman...