Guide to energy and publicly-accessible transport

in rural areas

REPUTERENEWABLE ENERGY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE

IntroductionApproachResults Conclusions

GUIDE TO ENERGY AND PUBLICLY-ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT IN RURAL AREAS

MOTIVATION

The ‘Atlantic Arc Regions’ of Europe all share similar experiences of geographical difficulties remote populations large distances between centres of population problems keeping up with advances in technology inter-modality issues

The REPUTE Guide explores how the regions could learn from each otherkeep up with the pace of development within larger, more populated,

regionsprovides examples of innovative large-and small-scale transport

schemes from different regionsintroduces the REPUTE pilot projects.

MODAL SPLITCARS BUSES &

COACHESRAILWAYS POWERED

2-WHEELERSTRAM & METRO

80.5 9 7 2 1.5

Passenger transport in EU-27 in 2010

Passenger transport in EU27 in 2010 (%)

EU27 GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR

SUSTAINABILITY IN TRANSPORT

Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

GUIDE TO ENERGY AND PUBLICLY-ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT IN RURAL AREAS

PROBLEMThe transport sector is the fastest growing source of GHG emissions. People in rural areas typically travel 50% further than those in urban

areas-most by bus or car.

SOLUTIONLocally generated energyInitiatives to connect people to rural public transport hubs through community-

run schemesShared ownership of transport resources and bespoke on-demand services.

This is known as Total Transport.Transfer of best practice from cities

DRIVERS FOR CHANGEThese include community engagement, fund-raising at a local level, local

energy initiatives and policiesThe introduction of cost-effective, energy-saving, technologies.

Joining Technology

Publicly-accessibletransport*

Renewable energy

Financial viability

*Publicly-accessible transport solutions include buses, taxis, cars in car-share schemes, bicycles and pedelecs in bike-share schemes, trams and trains

Communityengagement

GUIDE TO ENERGY AND PUBLICLY-ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT IN RURAL AREAS

SUGGESTIONS AND DIRECTIONS

• Modal shift• Socio-technical transitions• Alternative and renewable energy• Accessible and intelligent transport of

people and goods• Financial considerations

CASE STUDIES OF GOOD PRACTICE

• Within the partners’ regions• Outside the partners’ regions• REPUTE pilot projects

CONCLUSIONS

SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT

• Policy context• Renewable energy in transport• Intelligent transport systems• Behaviour change and modal shift

CURRENT SITUATION IN THE PARTNERS’ ATLANTIC AREA REGIONS

• Regional descriptions• Energy and transport• Regional economics• Social mobility in the Atlantic Arc area

REGIONAL MOBILITY CHALLENGES AND INITIATIVES

• Rural issues, community and finance• Transport context• Rural transport schemes and projects• Car clubs• Energy context

ENERGY PERSPECTIVE

Vehicle type Pedelec Twike Renault Twizy

Mitsbishi iMiEV

Nissan Leaf

Tesla S

Energy usedkWh/100km

(claimed)0.5 5 6 11 12 20

(our data) 0.5 20 20-24 24-36

CURRENT SITUATION IN THE PARTNERS’ REGIONS

Partner and Stakeholder Questionnaire April 2014

Energy sources Urban density Transport

availability Vehicle

ownership Cycle ways Air quality Economics

MAIN ENERGY SOURCES FOR GRID MIX

EXAMPLE DATA ON AIR QUALITY

Average daily concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide (micro g/m3)

Average daily concentrations of PM10 (micro g/m3)

PUBLICLY-ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT MODES

REGIONAL MOBILITY CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

IssuesPeople living in rural areas travel ~50% further than their city

counterparts and a large proportion of their total mileage is made by car or bus

Lack of access to public transport hubsLack of integration of different modes of transportLack of coherent local policyLack of real-time information

Total Transport solutions integrate transport services provided by different agencies and operators, eg combining a local bus service with hospital transport

MODAL SHIFT

SUGGESTIONS AND DIRECTIONS

EnergyBiofuelsWindSolarTidalHydro

MobilityInteresting e-mobility and e-

transport schemesJourney planningIntegrated ticketingEnergy saving devices

Freight transport by bus

Oxford buses fitted with Formula 1-style kinetic energy recover systems – KERS provide ~20% fuel saving at 25% of the cost of a hybrid bus

SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS

Pilot projects start here

PEDELECS

Only 0.5 kWh/100km

CASE STUDIES

Examples of community-run local transport schemes

TALYBONT ZERO ENERGY CARBON CAR SHARE SCHEME (2011-)Talybont is a small rural village in

South WalesTalybont on Usk Energy Ltd runs

two vehicles:• An electric van powered by the

group’s solar panels• A car powered by bio-diesel

The vehicles are funded by the Talybont Energy and Sustainable Development Fund. Talybont Energy earns ~30,000 Euro/year from its community hydro-electric scheme

The project has twin environmental aims of replacing fossil fuel miles with zero carbon miles and encouraging less cars on the road through car sharing.

ECO TRAVEL NETWORK EV RENTAL, BRECON BEACONS NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH WALES (2012-)

The Eco Travel Network runs an EV rental and charging network for tourists to the Brecon Beacons national park.

7 Renault Twizys with 40 charging points installed throughout the national park at cafes, hotels and shops.

The Eco Travel Network is run as a not-for-profit organisation. They obtained a 30,000 Euro Start up Grant from the Brecon Beacons National Park Sustainable Development Fund. This was used to cover set up costs and subsidise the first set of vehicles. All costs in future will be covered by members.

CASE STUDY -BIOFUEL

Biofuels derived from waste represent a promising alternative to fossil fuels

Liquid biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel) already meet around 3% of global transport demand

Gaseous biofuels (biomethane or biogas) – second generation biofuels - meet a much smaller demand currently, but they can also be used in road transport applications

GENeco Bio-Bus, Bristol-Bath, UK

Bath-Bristol Airport commuter routeBiomethane, produced at the

Bristol Sewage Works at Avonmouth, converts food waste and human waste into biomethane by the anaerobic digestion route

The 40-seater bus has a range of 300 km on a full tank which is equivalent to the waste per year from five people. These buses produce approximately 30% less greenhouse gases than their diesel equivalents and improve the air quality in city centres

Lille has over 10 years’ experience of using biofuels in buses. There are ~130 biogas buses currently.

Cycle hire, Torres Vedras

Wirelessly-charged E-bus, Milton Keynes

Community hydro energy scheme, Oxfordshire

Dedicated cycle route, Copenhagen Solar canopies for EVs, Poitou-Charentes

OXFORD – INTEGRATED TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS - MobOx

REPUTE PILOT PROJECTS

PortugalRenewable energy for publicly-available cars (EV charging stations powered by solar panels)

ScotlandRenewable energy for public transport signs

ScotlandSaving energy using Personal Travel Planning

SUMMARY

Future transport will use more energy derived from natural resources – solar, wind, tidal, hydro, biomass, etc.

Renewable energy sources can be owned, operated and controlled in rural areas through community actions and local partnerships. The energy generated can be used directly or indirectly in local transport

Rural public transport hubs need to be built and connected by express services to major destinations

Total transport solutions are required for rural communities where pooling of resources and voluntary actions can provide a service

Financing mechanisms, such as crowd-funding and local share schemes, can integrate community energy schemes with transport solutions, providing a strong sense of local involvement

Joining Technology

Publicly-accessibletransport*

Renewable energy

Financial viability

*Publicly-accessible transport solutions include buses, taxis, cars in car-share schemes, bicycles and pedelecs in bike-share schemes, trams and trains

Communityengagement

AVAILABILITY OF GUIDE

English, French,

Spanish, Portuguese

Download from

www.reputeproject.eu