DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Dr. H.S. Gour … classifications of fungi 6. Fungal systematics : Different...

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

Dr. H.S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar

Ph.D - I Semester

S.No. Course Code Name of the Course Credit

1. BOT-C-141 Ecology and Environment 03

2. BOT-C-142 Ecology and Environment (Practical) 01

3. BOT-C-143 Plant Breeding and Biostatistics 03

4. BOT-C-144 Plant Breeding and Biostatistics (Practical) 01

5. BOT-C-145 Molecular Biology 03

6. BOT-C-146 Molecular Biology (Practical) 01

7. BOT-C-147 Seed Technology 03

8. BOT-C-148 Seed Technology (Practical) 01

9. BOT-C-149 Project / Seminar / Field Work / Viva 08

Ph.D. Course – 2011

I Semester – (Botany) -

BOT-C-141 : Paper – I – Ecology and Environment Credit : 03

Ecology – Definition and Terminology, Environment : Definition and Terminology.

Ecological Systems – (Eco-system) – Concepts, types – Terrestrial, (Forest, Grassland,

Cropland and Desert etc.) and Aquatic (Marine and fresh water), Components of

ecosystems – Biotic and Abiotic, Functions of ecosystems – Cycling of materials and

Flow of energy. Food Chain, Food web, Ecological Pyramids.

Ecological succession – Concepts, Primary and secondary succession, Terrestrial and

Aquatic, Heterotrophic succession, concept of climax.

Ecological (Environmental) factors – Climate, Topographic and Edaphic. Gaseous

composition of Atmosphere, Global warming, Carbon Cycle, Sequestration, Carbon-

credits, foot points trading, Climatic change.

Environmental pollution : Air, Water, Soil, Noise, Radio-active etc.

Population Ecology : Growth curves inter-specific and intra-specific relationships.

Autecology of species

Synecology – Concept of community Qualitative and Quantitative characters.

Inventories : GIS, Remote sensing.

BOT-C-142 : Ecology and Environment Credit : 01

Practicals

Finding out structure and composition of a vegetational area – Forest. Grassland, Pond.

Environmental Assessment – Atmospheric temperature, Light Intensity, Relative

Humidity.

Study of Physico-chemical characteristics of soil and water.

Books Recommended

(1) Meuller – Dombois & Ellenberg (1974) Methods in Vegetation Ecology.

(2) J.S. Singh, S.P. Singh and S.R. Gupta (2006) Ecology, Environment & Resource

conservation, Anamaja Pub. New Delhi.

(3) Misra, R. (1968) Worybook of Ecology.

(4) Odum, E.P. (1971) Fundamentals of Ecology, Saunders Philadelphia.

(5) Smith, R.L. (2003) Ecology and field Biology.


Department of Botany

Ph.D. Course - 2011

I Semester – (Botany) -

BOT-C-143 :– Plant Breeding and Biostatistics Credit : 03

Breeding system : Aims and objectives of plant breeding. Breeding methods;

Introduction; Selection - mass selection, pureline or pedigree selection, clonal selection;

Hybridization : Technique of hybridization – anthesis, emasculation, pollution;

Incompatibility.

Methods for breeding self pollinated crops, cross pollinated crops, asexually propagated

crops; breeding for high yield, resistance to disease, pest and drought; somatic

hybridization.

Heterosis and Hybrid vigour : Theories on causes of heterosis.

Biostatistics : Central tendency – measures of central lendency,

Dispersion – variance, standard deviation and standard error.

Significance test : Student t test,

Chisquare (X2) Test, f test

Co-relation and Regression

Recommended Books :

1. Cytogenetics and plant breeding

by Chandrasekharan and Parthasarthy revised by Krishna Swamy and

Chandra Sekharan Varachary & Co. Madras.

2. Cytogeneties, Plant Breeding and Evolution

by Sinha & Sinha. Vikash Publishing house Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

3. Plant breeding and Genetics in India

by R.H. Richharia, Scientific Book Company Patna – 4.

4. Introductory Practical Biostatistics

by B.N. Mishra & M.K. Mishra, Naya Prakash Calcutta.

5. Statistics by O.N. Bishop.

BOT-C-144 Plant Breeding and Biostatistics Credit : 01

Practicals :

1. Dolermination of mean, Median & Mode.

2. Determination of standard deviation, standard error.

3. X2 test, t test & f test

4. Emasculation procedure.

5. Hybridization technique



Ph.D. Course - 2011

I Semester – (Botany)

BOT-C-145 : Paper III- Molecular Biology Credit : 03

i. Classical concept of gene

ii. Premendalian and Mendalian theories of heredity.

iii. Modern concept of gene

iv. Protein vs. DNA debate

v. Deciphering the nature of gene : Role of Physicists and chemists

vi. Genetic code and its Elucidation

vii. DNA Replication, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotic systems.

viii. Transcription: Biosynthesis of RNA, Different types of RNAs.

ix. Translation: biosynthesis of proteins.

x. DNA Damage and Repair

xi. Transposition and Mutation.

xii. Genetic Regulation: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic systems.

xiii. RNA as enzyme and in gene Regulation.

xiv. Histone code Hypothesis and Epigenetics

BOT-C-146 : - Molecular Biology ( PRACTICALS) Credit : 01

6. Acquaintance with the instrument used in molecular biology

7. Demonstration of the first law of inheritance.

8. Demonstration of the Second law of inheritance.

9. Different exercises on biostatistics and their application.

10. Study of model organism Pisum sativum and Drosophila melanogaster.

Literature :

1. Molecular Biology of the Gene IV Edition

by . J.D. Watson etal.

2. Genes VIII ed.

by Lewin.

3. Genomes

by T.A. Brown

4. History of Molecular Biology

by Michel Morange



Ph.D. Course - 2011


BOT-C-147 : Paper – IV – Seed Technology Credit: 03

1. Definition, External and Internal structure of Seed, Seed-variability –

Dicotyledonous, Mono-cotyledonom, Endospermic, Non-Endospermics

Perispermic, Unitegmic, Bitegmic, Radiospermic and Platyspermic seeds.

Orthodox/Recalcitrant Seeds.

2. Importance of seed in the life of a plant and afforestation and reforestation

programs, Basic properties of seed – Vitality, Viability, Vigour, Seed Germination

– Epigeal, Hypogeal, semi-hypogeal and Viviparous; Photoblastism in seeds,

factors affecting seeds germination.

3. Primary Seed Dormancy – External, Internal Physical, Chemical, Mechanical

Biological and Physiological, Combined Morpho-Physiological, Induced or

secondary Dormancy, Methods to break seed dormancy, physical / chemical /

mechanical scarification.

4. Seed Germination Test : Germination potential, Germination Energy, Germination

Velocity Index, Germination Vigour, Field Tests Cutting / Floating Test,

Biochemical test – catalase activity Test, Electrical conductivity test, Tetrazolium

Staining Test, X-ray radiographic test.

5. Seed storage – short term, long term, Microbiotic, Mesobiotic and Macrobiotic

seeds, Seed Longevity, Production of High Quality Seeds with sustainability, Seed

Banking and Trading Seed certification, protection of seeds from insect and fungal

diseases.

BOT-C-148:Paper – IV – Seed Technology ( Practical) Credit: 01

1. External and Internal details of various types of seeds.

2. Study of seed dimension – Weight, Length, Width, Colour.

3. Study of germination behavior of seeds, Germination capacity, seedling Mortality,

Plant Percent, Reproductive capacity of a plant.

4. Seed storage containers and conditions.

Books Recommended

Prasad, R. and A.K. Kandya (1992). Handling of forestry seeds in India. Associated

Publishing Co. Karol Bagh, New Delhi, P. 420.

Barton, L.V. (1961). Seed preservation and longvity. Leonard Hill Publication, London, P.

216

Justice, O. L. and L. N. Bass (1979) Principles and practices of seed storage. Castle

House Publication Ltd. London, P. 275.

Kozlowski, T.T. (1972) Seed Biology Vol. I, II and III, Academic Press, New York .

P.317.

Hyedecker, W. (Ed.) (1973) Seed Ecology, Butterworth Publication, London, P. 462

ISTA (1985). International rules for seed testing. Seed Sci. and Technology, 13 (2) : 299-

520

Thompson, J.R. (Ed) (1981) Recent advances in research and technology of seeds Vol. 1-

6 Centre for agricultural publishing and documentation. Wageningen, Holland.

Khan, A.A. (1982) The Physiology and biochemistry of seed dormancy, development and

germination. Elsevier Bio-medical Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, P. 579.





Credit: 08

BOT-C-149 : Paper – V : Project / Seminar / Field work / Viva

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY


Ph.D - II Semester

S.No. Course Code Name of the Course Credit

1. BOT-C-241 Taxonomy and Biology of Microbes 03

2. BOT-C-242 Taxonomy and Biology of Microbes (Practical) 01

3. BOT-C-243 Mushroom Biology 03

4. BOT-C-244 Mushroom Biology (Practical) 01

5. BOT-C-245 Biotechnology 03

6. BOT-C-246 Biotechnology (Practical) 01

7. BOT-C-247 Advances in Plant Biochemistry 03

8. BOT-C-248 Advances in Plant Biochemistry (Practical) 01

9. BOT-C-249 Project / Seminar / Field Work / Viva 08

Ph.D - II Semester



Ph.D. Course - 2011

II Semester – (Botany)

BOT-C-241 : Paper – I - Taxonomy and Biology of Microbes Credit : 03

1. Classification of Plant diseases

2. General Symptomatology

3. Control measures : 1. Cultural practices

2. Physical practices

3. Chemical control

4. Biological control

4. Plant diseases : Some important bacterial, viral, fungal and

phyto plasmal diseases

5. Different classifications of fungi

6. Fungal systematics : Different institutions,

Dried reference collections and its importance

Recent terminology,

Recent literature

7. Nutrition of fungi

8. General account : Mastigomycotina,

Zygomycotina,

Ascomycotina

Basidiomyotina,

Deuteromycotina

9. Classification of Algae - Different Criteria :

Photo-synthetic pigments,

Researve food,

Flagella.

10. General account of different orders of Algae :

Chlorophyta

Phaeophyta

Rhodophyta

Cyanophyta

Bacillariophyta

11. Uses of algae & their products

Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar


Ph.D. Course - 2011 II Semester

BOT-C-242-Paper – I : Taxonomy and Biology of Microbes (Practicals)

Credit : 01

Laboratory Exercises :

(1) Preparation of different media for the isolation purification, identification and

maintenance of fungi from soil and diseased materials

(2) Bacterial staining

(3) Mycological techniques

(4) Drawing of fungi with the help of Camera Lucida and to determine the scale of

magnification.

(5) Measurement of conidia of fungi with the help of occular micrometer.

(6) Survey, collection and study of plant diseases from local and nearby areas /

fields. Each student will submit a herbarium of 25 disease samples.

The collection should comprise of :-

Rust diseases, Blight diseases, Powdery mildews, Black mildews, Downy

mildews, Wilt diseases, Die bark diseases

(7) Other important diseases of Viruses, Bacteria and Mycoplasma.

(8) Culture and study of some common microbes.

(9) Survey for different types of algal forms.

(10) Collection of algal forms from different habitats.

(11) Preparation of different culture media, culturing techniques

(12) Study of some other important techniques use in algal research.

Suggested Literature :

- Lee, R.E. Phycology, Cambridge University Press, London (1973).

- Palmer, C.M. Algae and Water pollution, Castel House Publications, London

(1980).

- Kumar, H.D. Introductory Phycology, Affiliated East-West-Press Private

limited New Delhi (1988).

- Kumar, H.D. Phycotalk, Vols., I and II Rastogi Publications, Meerut (1989,

1990).

- Desikachary, T.V. Cyanophyta. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New

Delhi (1959).




BOT-C-243 : Paper – II : Mushroom Biology Credit:03

Paper 1: Mushroom Science: Mushroom definition, characteristics of mushrooms, magnitude

of mushroom species, collection and classification of mushrooms, structural biology of

mushrooms: Biotechnology of mushrooms; mushroom conservation.

Paper 2: Tools and Techniques: Mushroom cultivation techniques; phases of mushroom

cultivation technology; fermentation; environmental engineering and waste management;

instrumentation. Biostatistics: Mean, mode, median, ANOVA, MANOVA, correlation,

regression, SD, LSD, CD.

Paper 3: Nutritional and Medicinal Properties: Mushroom composition: proteins, essential

aminoacids, fats, vitamins, carbohydrates, fibres, minerals, and nucleic acids. Medicinal

properties, pharmacognosy.

Dissertation

BOT-C-244:Paper–II:MushroomBiology(Practicals) Credit:01

Suggested Lab Exercises � Field survey and collection methods of mushrooms

� Identification for different types of mushrooms

� Ecological exercises

� Soil analyses, physico-chemical analysis of water and soil

� Isolation of fungi, gram staining

� Preparation of culture media

� Crystallization of media

� Serological test, measurement of fungal growth

� DNA isolation, characterization

� Enzyme activity(laccase, cellulose, lipase)

� Solid state fermentation, liquid state fermentation.

� Estimation of protein

� Estimation of carbohydrates, lipids

� Estimation of K, Na, Ca

� Amino acid separation(Chromatographic methods-TLC, open column chromatography, low

pressure liquid chromatography

� Spectrophotmetric analysis

� Effect of pH, relative humidity, salt concentration, different wavelengths of light on growth

of mushrooms

� Preparation of spawn mushrooms

� Cultivation of mushrooms

Suggested Readings

• Introduction to Mushroom Science (Systematics) by T.N. Kaul (1997).

• Mushroom Biology– Concise Basics and Current Developments by P.G. Miles and S.T.

Chang (1997).

• Handbook of Mushroom Cultivation, Processing and Packaging by Eiri (2007).

• Mushroom Production and Production Technology – Yadav, Pathak and Gour (1998).

• Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology by Aneja (2005).

• Mushrooms- Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Properties and Environmental Impact

by S.T. Chang and P.G. Miles (1997).

• Edible Mushrooms- Nutritional and Medicinal Values by Dr. Memuna Haque (1985).

• Statistical Analysis by Gupta and Kapoor (1997).

• SYSTAT Software

• Advances in Mushroom Biology and Production by Rai, Dhar and Verma

• Advances in Mushroom Biotechnology by MC Nair, C. Gokulapalan, Lulu, Das

• Pharmaceutical Biology by SP Vyas and BK Dixit



Ph.D. Course - 2011

II Semester – (Botany) -

BOT-C-245 : Paper – III – Biotechnology Credit :03

I. Gene Cloning: Tools and Techniques

II. Cloning Vectors, different kinds of Enzymes involved.

III. Purification and manipulation of DNA

IV. Introduction of DNA into cells

V. Gel Electrophoresis

VI. Spectrophotometry

VII. Centrifugation

VIII. DNA Sequencing

IX. PCR, Microarrays and other relevant techniques used in Gene cloning

X. Gene Cloning in Research and in Biotechnological applications

XI.

BOT-C-246 :PaperIII– Biotechnology (Practicals) Credit :03

:

I. To learn the basic techniques of SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel electrophoresis

(SDS-PAGE).

II. To learn the basic technique of Agarose gel electrophoresis.

III. Isolation of Genomic DNA from various sources such as Bacterial Cells,

Fungal Cells and from leaves.

IV. Isolation of Plasmid DNA from bacterial Cells using MINI & MAXI

Preparations.

V. Restriction mapping – Endonuclease digestion of plasmid DNA and analysis of

the DNA fragment to prepare a Restriction Map.

VI. Transformation of DNA – In-vitro DNA ligation & transformation to E. coli

cells.

Literature :

I. Molecular Biology of the Gene IV Edition

by . J.D. Watson etal.

II. Genes VIII ed.

by Lewin.

III. An Introduction to genetic analysis VI ed.

by Griffiths etal.

IV. Molecular Biotechnology

by Glick & Pasternok

V. Genomes

by T.A. Brown

VI. History of Molecular Biology

by Michel Morange




BOT-C-247 : Paper – IV : Advances in Plant Biochemistry Credit : 03

Unit I : Molecular Components of cells

Chemistry as the logic of biological Phenomenon

Water: The Medium of life

Thermodynamics and its Relevance to life .

Protein: structure and biological functions

Lipids: structure and function

Carbohydrates: structure and function

Biomembranes: structure and function

Nucleic acid: structure and function

Unit II: Enzymes

Kinetics and specificity

Mechanism of action

Enzyme regulation

Molecular motors

Unit III :Metabolism

Fatty acids

Lipids

Nitrogen acquisition and amino acid metabolism

Carbohydrates

Unit IV: Secondary Metabolites :-

Flavinoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, strigolactones steroids , Phenolic compounds,

Polyketides.

BOT-C-248 : Paper – IV : Advances in Plant Biochemistry Credit : 01

Suggested laboratory exercise

1 Carbohydrates analysis

2 Protein estimation

3 Amino acid separation and profiling

4 Enzyme Isolation: Cellulases, Lipases, Ligases, Nitrate reductase, Acid and

alkaline Phosphate,

5 Extraction pf Secondary metabolites: alkaloids, terpenes, flavenoids, polyketides.

6 Assessment of secondary metabolites : I biocontrol agents, II Medicinal product

7 Instrumentation

Suggested Reading

Biochemistry: Leninger New Edition

Biochemistry: Garret and Grisham

Molecular Biology : Karp




II Semester – (Botany)

BOT-C-249 : Paper – V : Project / Seminar / Field work / Viva Credit : 08

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY Dr. H.S. Gour … classifications of fungi 6. Fungal systematics : Different...

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