Denis Choinière, ing. M.Sc. Environmental Division Consumaj inc. Consumaj.
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Transcript of Denis Choinière, ing. M.Sc. Environmental Division Consumaj inc. Consumaj.
Denis Choinière, ing. M.Sc.
Environmental Division
Consumaj inc.
ConsumajConsumaj
IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction
Livestock activity Produces odor
Impact on the cohabitation with the neighborhood
Natural windbreaks were identified as a potential measure to reduce the present problem
The implantation of natural windbreaks around buildings is promoted by different organisations such as FPPQ, MAPAQ.
Method that is welcomed by producers and their neighborhood
Introduction…Introduction… Odor Windbreaks Odor WindbreaksIntroduction…Introduction… Odor Windbreaks Odor Windbreaks
Windbreaks may reduce odors in many ways
By facilitationg dust deposits By physically intercepting dust
By diluting odorous gases with increased turbulence By absorbing certain componants of the odor
Phase 1 of the projet
Phase 3 of the projet
ProblematicProblematicProblematicProblematic
Many hypotheses few are scientifically validated Tyndall and Collecti (2000) propose the hypothesis that
farms would almost become inodorous if all dust was removed.
It is demonstrated that windbreaks facilitate dust deposits (like they do for snow or sand)
So if dust contributes largely to odor transportation, windbreaks should reduce odors from livestock operations.
This is a hypothesis which has not yet been validated scientifically with direct odor measurements.
The Project: « Influence of The Project: « Influence of Windbreaks on Odors » Windbreaks on Odors »
The Project: « Influence of The Project: « Influence of Windbreaks on Odors » Windbreaks on Odors »
Initiated by Consumaj and their research team from Consumaj/ McGill University
Completed with the following teams• l’UPA St-Jean Valleyfield• ITA de la Pocatière André Vézina
Financial Partners• LEI (Livestock Environmental Initiative)
• CDAQ (Conseil pour le développement de l’agriculture du Québec)
• MAPAQ (Ministère de l’Agriculture et des pêcheries et de l’alimentation
du Québec)
ObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectives
Quantify the influence of natural windbreaks on odor dispersion/reduction
Evaluate the tree species influence on odor dispersion/reduction
Evaluate the influence of the distance between the windbreaks and the odor emission source
Quantify the impact of odor windbreaks on separating distances, that is, to estimate new seperating distances according to the odor windbreaks established.
The PhasesThe PhasesThe PhasesThe Phases
Phase 1 Validate the impact of dust on the sampling
protocol and odor measurement
Phase 2
Develop a mobile odor generator
Phase 3
Experiment the influence of windbreaks on odor
Phase 1 - DustPhase 1 - DustPhase 1 - DustPhase 1 - Dust
4 growing finishing piggeries
2 filtered samples and 2 non-filtered samples
Measure odor concentration
Farm A Farm B Farm C Farm D All
Without Filter
261 ou/m³
195 ou/m³
272 ou/m³
478 ou/m³
306 ou/m³
With Filter
180 ou/m³
219 ou/m³
368 ou/m³
303 ou/m³
274 ou/m³
Conclusion
Non-significant impact of dust on the sampling protocol
Phase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor Generator
Degasser principle, maximises the contact between manure and air
Uses fattening pigs’ manure
Built for a regular size truck box
Produces 500 to 1000 odor units/sec
Air flow of 3600 CFM
Odor production adjusted as needed
Phase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor Generator
Manure tank
Ventilator Variable speed
Recirculationpump
Dilution duct
Air - manure contact338 m²/m³
8 degasser cubes
Phase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor GeneratorPhase 2- Odor Generator
Phase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- Windbreaks
Do tests on existing mature windbreaks
Site with little interference with odors from animals
2 deciduous windbreaks
2 evergreen windbreaks
3 distances - odor source / windbreak (15m; 30m; 60m)
5 replicas (high density)
1 low density
1 high density
1 low density
1 high density
Site 1Site 1Site 1Site 1
Deciduous, low density
Site 2Site 2Site 2Site 2
Deciduous, high density
Site 3Site 3Site 3Site 3
Evergreens, low density
Site 4Site 4Site 4Site 4
Evergreens, high density
Phase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- Windbreaks
Field Methodology
Phase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- WindbreaksPhase 3- Windbreaks
Odor nuisance scale
Data InterpretationData InterpretationData InterpretationData Interpretation
Analyse odor generator samples with the dynamic olfactometer to measure the odor concentration and the odor nuisance.
Define the relation for each panellist
Odor nuisance Odor concentration
Transform the odor nuisance field data to an odor concentration for each position in the field
Data InterpretationData InterpretationData InterpretationData Interpretation
Combine those field odor concentrations with:
Odor source emission rate
Number of dilutions from source to field point
Wind direction
UTM coordinate
Absolute distance from source Distance from source - parallel and perpendicular to wind direction
Make a large spreadsheet with all this information and use it for the analysis
Effect on Plume LengthEffect on Plume LengthEffect on Plume LengthEffect on Plume Length
Without Windbreak
300m
350m
400m
450m
500m
550m
600m
0m 15m 30m 45m 60mWindbreak / Odor Source (m)
Plu
me
Leng
th (m
)
Erro
r
Windbreak
25% Reduction
23% Reduction
19% Reduction
Effect on Plume AreaEffect on Plume AreaEffect on Plume AreaEffect on Plume Area
0m 15m 30m 45m 60mWindbreak / Odor Source (m)
Plu
me
Are
a (h
a)
Err
or Without
Windbreak
37% Reduction
Windbreak33% Reduction
30% Reduction
Effect on Average Odor Effect on Average Odor DilutionDilution
Effect on Average Odor Effect on Average Odor DilutionDilution
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0m 15m 30m 45m 60mWindbreak / Odor Source (m)
Ave
rage
Odo
r D
ilutio
n
Deciduous WindbreakEvergreen Windbreak
Without Windbreak
Windbreak performance to reduce odors is better when windbreak is at 15m from the source then at 30m or 60m
Windbreaks can reduce separation distance from livestock operations and neighbors by 19% to 25%
Windbreaks can reduce the area affected by the odor by 30% to 37%
Windbreaks can also reduce the odor concentration within the odor plume
Low porosity (below 30%) windbreak is needed to have a measurable effect on the odor
ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements CDAQ
IESE
MAPAQ
McGill University
UPA St-Jean Valleyfield
André Vézina Site Owners
Question PeriodQuestion PeriodQuestion PeriodQuestion Period
Thank-you for your attention!