Denis Caromel Institut universitaire de France (IUF) OASIS Team

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Denis CaromelInstitut universitaire de France (IUF)

OASIS Team INRIA -- CNRS - I3S -- Univ. of Nice Sophia-Antipolis

JAOO, Cannes, May 2004

Programming, Composing, Deployingfor the GRID

1. Grid principles2. Distributed Objects and Components:

ObjectWeb ProActive LGPL environment3. Application: 3D Electromagnetism4. Towards Peer-To-Peer (P2P)

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The GRIDPCs : 1 Milliard in 2002 (25 years) Forecast: 2 Milliards in 2008

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The Grid idea

GRID = Electric Network

Computer Power (CPU cycles) <==> Electricity • Can hardly be stored, if not used --> Lost

But CPU cycles much harder to share than electricity:• Production cannot be adjusted!• Cannot really be delivered where needed! • Not yet interoperability: Multiple Administrative Domains

2 important aspects : Computational + Data Grid

Global management, Mutual sharing of the resource

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Example

50 Machines, 1.5 year of computation

5000 Machines, with only 50 % Efficiency==> 10 days

Applications:• Simulate the stock market evolution• Research for an urgent vaccine • Forecast a bush-fire path• Forecast in real time a flooding consequences ...

• etc.

Challenge: Scale up

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Ubiquitous: some numbers

PCs in my lab (INRIA Sophia) : ~ 1500 French Riviera : 1.3 Millions

France : 25 Millions Europe : 108 Millions USA : 400 Millions

World : 1 Milliard in 2002 (25 ans) Forecast: 2 Milliards in 2008

France :

• 36 Millions of cellular phones

• 2.2 Millions of laptops

• 630 Thousand PDA

(sources: ITU, Gartner Dataquest, IDC, 02-03, )

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The multiple GRIDs

Scientific Grids :• Parallel machines, Clusters

• Large equipments: Telescopes, Particle accelerators, etc.

Enterprise Grids :• Data, Integration: Web Services

• Remote connection, Security

Intranet and Internet Grids, (miscalled P2P grid):• Desktop office PCs: Desktop Intranet Grid

• Home PC: Internet Grid (e.g. SETI@HOME)

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Enterprise Grids

Internet

EJBServletsApache Databases

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Scientific Grids

Internet

Clusters

ParallelMachine

LargeEquipment

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Internet Grids

Internet

Job management forembarrassingly parallel application (e.g. SETI)

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The multiple GRIDs

• Scientific Grids

• Enterprise Grids

• Intranet and Internet Grids

Strong convergence in process!At least at the infrastructure level, i.e. WS

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Grid: from enterprise ... to regional

Very hard deployment problems … right from the beginning

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Grid: from regional ... to worldwide Communication Cannes-Los Angeles: 70 ms Light Speed

Challenge: Hide the latency !

Define adequate programming model

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Distributed Objects and Components

ProActiveProgramming

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Model:• Remote Objects (Active Objects vs. Java RMI)• Asynchronous Communications, with automatic Futures • Group Communications, Migration (computation mobility)Environment:• XML Deployment, dynamic class-loading• Various protocols: rsh, ssh, LSF, Globus, BPS, ...• Graphical Visualization and monitoring: IC2D

ProActive: A Java API + Tools for the GRIDParallel, Distributed, Mobile, Activities, across the world !

SMP ClustersLANDesktop

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A

Creating AO and Groups

Typed Group Java or Active Object

A ag = newActiveGroup (“A”, […], VirtualNode)V v = ag.foo(param);...v.bar(); //Wait-by-necessity

V

Group, Type, and Asynchrony

are crucial for Cpt. and GRID

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Mobility

Same semantics guaranteed (RDV, FIFO order point to point, asynchronous)

Safe migration (no agent in the air!)

Local references if possible when arriving within a VM

Tensionning (removal of forwarder)

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Mobility





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Mobility





direct

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Mobility





direct

direct

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Mobility





direct

direct

forwarder

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Mobility





direct

direct

forwarder

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Mobility





direct

direct

forwarder

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Mobility





direct

direct

forwarder

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Parallel, Distributed, Hierarchical

Componentsfor the Grid

Composing

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A CORBA Component

MyBusiness

Component

Component interface

Facets

Eventsources

Eventsinks

Attributes

Receptacles

OF

FE

RE

DR

EQ

UIR

ED

Courtesy of Philippe Merle, Lille, OpenCCM platform

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Building CCM Applications =Assembling CORBA Component Instances

Provide + Use, but flat assembly

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Content

Controller

The Fractal model:Hierarchical Component

Defined by E. Bruneton, T. Coupaye, J.B. Stefani, INRIA & FT

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Content

Controller

Interface = access point

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Content

Controller

Hierarchical model : composites encapsulate primitives, which encapsulates Java code

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Content

Controller

Binding = interaction

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Binding = interaction

Content

Controller

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Controllers : non-functional properties

ComponentIdentity

BindingController

LifeCycleController

ContentController

Content

Controller

Component = runtime entity

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3. Parallel and composite component

1. Primitive component Java + Legacy

2. Composite component

ProActive Components for the GRID An activity, a process, …potentially in its own JVM

C D

Composite: Hierarchical, and

Distributed over machines

Parallel: Composite

+ Broadcast (group)

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Composing: XML ADLPrimitive-component "cd-player”

implementation = "CdPlayer” // Java class with functional code

Provides interface "input” …

Requires …

VirtualNode = VNa // Virtual Node name

Composite-component ”stereo”

VirtualNode = VNc, vn ... // Virtual Node

Provides … Requires …

Primitive-component ”cd-player”

Primitive-component ”speaker”

Bindings bind "cd-player.output" to "speaker.input"

Merging VNa, VNb, ---> VNc // Co-allocation in that case

Example of

an XML

component

file:

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A

A

B

C

P

Group proxyGroup proxy

A

B

C

D

Groups in Components

Broadcast at binding, on client interface

At composition, on composite inner server interface

A parallel component!

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Migration Capabilityof composites

Migrate sets of components, including composites

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Migration Capabilityof composites

Migrate sets of components, including composites

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Co-allocation, Re-distribution

e.g. upon communication intensive phase

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EnvironmentDeploying

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How to deploy on the Various Kind of Grids ?

Internet


Internet

ClustersParallelMachine

LargeEquipment

Internet

Job management forembarrassingly parallel application (e.g. SETI)

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Abstract Deployment Model

Problem:• Difficulties and lack of flexibility in deployment

• Avoid scripting for: configuration, getting nodes, connecting, etc.

A key principle: Virtual Node (VN) + XML deployment file • Abstract Away from source code:

• Machines

• Creation Protocols

• Lookup and Registry Protocols

Protocols and infrastructures:

• Globus, ssh, rsh, LSF, PBS, … Web Services, WSRF, ...

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Mapping Virtual Nodes: example (1)<processDefinition id="linuxJVM">

<jvmProcess class="org.objectweb.proactive.core.process.JVMNodeProcess"/>

</processDefinition>

<processDefinition id=”sshProcess">

<sshProcess class="org.objectweb.proactive.core.process.ssh.SSHJVMProcess"

hostname="sea.inria.fr">

<processReference refid="linuxJVM"/>

</sshProcess>


Infrastructure

informations

JVM on the current Host

JVM started using SSH

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<processDefinition id=" clusterProcess ">

<bsubProcess class="org.objectweb.proactive.core.process.lsf.LSFBSubProcess"

hostname=”cluster.inria.fr">

<processReference refid=”singleJVM"/>

<bsubOption>

<processor>12</processor>

</bsubOption>

</bsubProcess>


Mapping Virtual Nodes: example (2)

Infrastructureinformations

Definition of LSF deployment, … Globus

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C A B

VNa VNb

C A B

VNc = VN(a,b)

XML Deployment (Not in source)

Separate or Co-allocation

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IC2D: Interactive Control and Debugging of Distribution

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Monitoring of RMI, Globus, Jini, LSF cluster Nice -- Baltimore

ProActive IC2D:

Width of links

proportional

to the number

of com-

munications

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Application

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A Parallel Object-Oriented Application for 3D Electromagnetism

Visualize the radar reflection of a plane, medicine on head, etc.• Pre-existing Fortran MPI version: EM3D

Jem3D:• Sequential object-oriented design, modular and extensible (in Java)

• Sequential version can be smoothly distributed:

--> keeping structuring and object abstractions

• Efficient distributed version, large domains, Grid environment

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The interface

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Some ResultsSeq. Java/Fortran: 2

Comparison:

Jem3D over

- ProActive/RMI Sun

- ProActive/RMI Ibis

Em3D in

- Fortran/MPI

On 16 machines:

Fortran: 13.8

ProActive/Ibis: 12

ProActive/RMI: 8.8

Grid experiment on 5 clusters (DAS 2): Speed up of 100 on 150 machines

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Perspective:

P2P

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Architectures: Server to Peer-To-Peer (P2P)

Internet


SOA: Service Oriented Architectures

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Pure P2P: Definition

Only PEERs, no above everything, top level, server(s)

Every peer is, somehow, also a server

No master … No slave !

System get organized dynamically, without static configuration

Coherent, desired behavior, dynamically emerges

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P2P Examples (1)

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P2P can be difficult:need to be fault-tolerant, self healing

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Not a P2P system

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Neither a P2P system

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P2P Examples (2)

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P2P Examples (2bis)

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A P2P system at work

Credit: from the movie Atlantis, Luc Besson

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Conclusion

• GRIDs: - Scientific - Enterprise - Internet Strong convergence in process (infrastructure): WS, WSRF

• Challenge: adequate and precise programming+composing model• Asynchronous distributed objects, Mobility, Components • High-level of abstraction, still Open and flexible • Modern languages: Java, or others

not Fortran, MPI, C++, … not the answer

Perspectives:• Real P2P• Interactive, Graphical, Deployment and Control:

Content

http://ProActive.ObjectWeb.org

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Interactive Composition in IC2D

Content

Composition ViewInstead of

XML ADL

<processDefinition id="linuxJVM">

<jvmProcess class="org.objectweb.proactive.core.process.JVMNodeProcess"/>


<processDefinition id=”sshProcess">

<sshProcess class="org.objectweb.proactive.core.process.ssh.SSHJVMProcess"

hostname="sea.inria.fr">

<processReference refid="linuxJVM"/>

</sshProcess>


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Merging Component + Activity / JVM Views:Component Monitoring

Content

Dynamic View

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Content

Dynamic View

Merging Component + Activity / JVM Views:Component Monitoring

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Conclusion (2)Infrastructure and Deployment

• Virtual Nodes and XML • Protocols: ssh, Globus, LSF, PBS, …• Transport: RMI, Ibis (Amsterdam)• Web Services: XML, WSDL, SOAP (ongoing)• OSGi (future work)

Available in LGPL with ProActive http://ProActive.ObjectWeb.org in

The freedom your applications deserve!

Currently: a single application on 300 machinesGoal: towards a few 1000s !

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ProActive Component DefinitionA component is:

• Formed from one (or several) Active Object

• Executing on one (or several) JVM

• Provides a set of server ports: Java Interfaces

• Uses a set of client ports: Java Attributes

• Point-to-point or Group communication between components

Hierarchical:• Primitive component: define with Java code and a descriptor

• Composite component: composition of primitive + composite

• Parallel component: multicast of calls in composites

Descriptor:• XML definition of primitive and composite (ADL)

• Virtual nodes capture the deployment capacities and needs

Virtual Node is a very important abstraction for GRID components

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Virtual Nodes in Programs (1)

Load the descriptor file

Descriptor pad = ProActive.getDescriptor ("file://ProActiveDescriptor.xml");

Activate the mapping

VirtualNode vn = pad.activateMapping ("Dispatcher");

// Triggers the JVMs

Use nodes

Node node = vn.getNode(); ... C3D c3d = ProActive.newActive("C3D", param, node);

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Descriptors: Virtual Nodes in Programs (2)

Descriptor pad = ProActive.getDescriptor ("file:.ProActiveDescriptor.xml");

VirtualNode vn = pad.activateMapping ("Dispatcher"); // Triggers the JVMs


log ( ... "created at: " + node.name() + node.JVM() + node.host() );

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Descriptors: Virtual Nodes in Programs (3)

Descriptor pad = ProActive.getDescriptor ("file:.ProActiveDescriptor.xml");

VirtualNode vn = pad.activateMapping ("Dispatcher"); // Triggers the JVMs


log ( ... "created at: " + node.name() + node.JVM() + node.host() );

// Cyclic mapping: set of nodes VirtualNode vn = pad.activateMapping ("RendererSet");

while ( … vn.getNbNodes … ) {

Node node = vn.getNode();

Renderer re = ProActive.newActive(”Renderer", param, node);

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Component Orientedness

• Level 1: Instantiate - Deploy - Configure• Simple Pattern

• Meta-information (file, XML, etc.) JavaBeans, EJB

• Level 2: Assembly (flat)• Server and client interfaces CCM

• Level 3: Hierarchic• Composite Fractal, ProActive, ...

• Level 4: Distributed + Reconfiguration• Binding, Inclusion, Location ProActive + On going work

Interactions / Communications:Functional Calls: service, event, streamNon-Functional: instantiate, deploy, start/stop, inner/outer, re-bind

This talk

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C3D: distributed-//-collaborative

Denis Caromel Institut universitaire de France (IUF) OASIS Team

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