Demand-Driven Acquisitions: New Tools and Strategies for Long-Term

Management

Bryan Keane – ebraryRobin Champieux – EBL

Michael Levine-Clark – University of DenverMatt Nauman - YBP

Patron Driven Acquisition: Early Trends

Bryan KeaneDirector of Sales – ARL & Consortia

bkeane@ebrary.com

Brief history of ebrary PDA

• Pilot PDA: September 2009 to September 2010• Research: Surveys, focus groups, data analysis• Production PDA: Launched October 15th

– Additional content: currently 155,000+ titles– New profiling system– Greatly improved title ‘triggering’– Fund management to better control spending

Caveats

• Data: Not enough data is available to declare long-term trends with any certainty

• Mix: Adoption is accelerating, which could quickly alter emerging trends

• Features/Content: New features and content could also impact early trends

Preconceived notions

1. PDA will lead to ‘acquisition anarchy’2. PDA will replace selectors3. PDA is best suited to STEM subjects4. PDA will change usage patterns5. PDA will break the budget

Acquisition anarchy?

• If only appropriate titles are included…

Non-owned titles selected

Free MARC records Provided

Titles enabled on Library ‘channel’

Patrons ‘trigger’ some titles

Library is invoiced for triggered titles

Days since trigger Average Page Views

Median Page Views

>400 days 153 33

300 to 399 113 39

200 to 299 64 28

100 to 199 83 33

50 to 99 69 35

0 to 49 62 34

• Average page views for purchased titles have been at least 6x the ebrary trigger threshold

Replace selectors?

Taiga Forum 2006: “…collection development as we now know it will cease to exist as selection of library materials will be entirely patron-initiated...”

ebrary survey January 2010:• 80% view PDA as fitting in the CD strategy. Few believe it will

replace selectors• 30% see PDA as a means to save selector time

The reality:PDA is a tool to help selectors improve accuracy and responsiveness (not replace them)•Duke PDA pilot: 90 of 148 titles purchased were previously rejected by selectors.

PDA for STEM subjects?

BISAC% of PDA Purchases

BUSINESS & ECONOMICS 13.14%

PSYCHOLOGY 8.86%

SOCIAL SCIENCE 8.76%

POLITICAL SCIENCE 7.43%

SCIENCE 7.28%

MEDICAL 5.98%

COMPUTERS 5.03%

HISTORY 4.83%

EDUCATION 4.63%

RELIGION 4.08%

TECHNOLOGY 3.96%

LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES 3.75%

LITERARY CRITICISM 3.72%

PHILOSOPHY 3.05%

MATHEMATICS 2.75%

Change in usage patterns?

Rank BISAC Subject

1 BUSINESS & ECONOMICS2 SOCIAL SCIENCE3 STUDY AIDS4 POLITICAL SCIENCE5 HISTORY6 MEDICAL7 EDUCATION8 PSYCHOLOGY9 COMPUTERS10 SCIENCE

Usage of all ebrary titlesPDA triggering by subjectRank BISAC Subject

1 BUSINESS & ECONOMICS2 PSYCHOLOGY3 SOCIAL SCIENCE4 POLITICAL SCIENCE5 SCIENCE6 MEDICAL7 COMPUTERS8 HISTORY9 EDUCATION10 RELIGION

Conclusion: 9 of the top 10 subject areas overlap between PDA triggering and usage of all ebrary titles

Break the budget?

• University of Iowa PDA pilot spending (Oct 09 to Sept 10)– Average $ week = $1,848– Average titles /week = 72– Average cost/book = $103

Data copyright 2010 by Hope Barton, Kit Clatanoff, Karen Fischer, and Michael Wright under the Creative Commons 3.0 License [link]. [ Full presentation]

• Full control of spending down to the the subject level with funds

Questions?

Bryan KeaneDirector of Sales – ARL & Consortia

bkeane@ebrary.com

Demand Driven Acquisitions: New Tools and Strategies for Longterm

Management

Patterns, Predictability, and Outcomes

Robin Champieux

robin.champieux@eblib.com

Vice President, Business Development

Patterns of Expenditure and Usage

The Averages

•Percentage of visible list accessed = 15%

•Percentage of visible titles with a short-term loan = 8%

•Percentage of visible titles with an autopurchase = 1.41%

•Average number of short term loans per title = 1.39

•Percentage of list price paid to facilitate access: 14.23%

Patterns of Content: Usage

Upfront Purchases

• Publishers• 100% overlap between DDA

purchasing

• Subjects• Business• Social Science• Education• Medicine• Language/Linguistics

Demand Driven

• Publishers• 100% overlap between upfront

purchasing

• Subjects• Business• Social Science• Literature• Medicine• Language/Linguistics

Patterns of Content: Expenditures

Upfront Purchases

• Publishers• 80% overlap between DDA

purchasing

• Subjects• Business• Social Science• Education• Medicine• Fine Arts

Demand Driven

• Publishers• 80% overlap between upfront purchasing

• Subjects• Business• Social Science• Medicine• Education• Literature

Predictability: It’s Important…..Is It Possible?

•Library resources are finite, shrinking, and unstable

• Increased need for control and effectiveness

•Publishers and Traditional Approval Vendors

• Usage is a new value criteria…..calling for new business models

• Established acquisition models offer some certainty

Predictability: It’s Important…..Is It Possible?

From historical stats and experience we can build models…..

•Percentage of visible list accessed = 15%

•Percentage of visible titles with a short-term loan = 8%

•Percentage of visible titles with an autopurchase = 1.41%

•Average number of short term loans per title = 1.39

•Percentage of list price paid to facilitate access: 14.23%

…..that work!

Outcomes: Does DDA Deliver?

Goals:

• Save money

Offer access to a larger universe of content

Spend money more effectively – content is used

Build relevant, permanent collections based on demand

Outcomes: Does DDA Deliver?

Results:

Demand Driven

• On average, pay 14.23% of list price to facilitate access to content

• Size of average collection = 63,833 titles

• % of purchased titles with no use = 0%

• 2 X unique title coverage

• 1.4 X unique publisher coverage

Upfront Purchasing

• On average, pay 247% of list price to facilitate access to content

• Size of average collection = 2,171 titles

• % of purchased titles with no use = 50%

• 50% less unique titles

• 29% less unique publisher coverage

?Questions?

Demand Driven Acquisitions: New Tools and Strategies for Longterm

Management

Patterns, Predictability, and Outcomes

Robin Champieux

robin.champieux@eblib.com

Vice President, Business Development

S

Long-Term Management of Demand-Driven Acquisitions

Electronic Resources & LibrariesAustin, Texas

March 2, 2011

Michael Levine-ClarkCollections Library, University of Denver

michael.levine-clark@du.edu

Demand-Driven Acquisition Goals

Broaden the collection More titles More publishers More subjects

Match acquisitions to immediate demand Short-term loans Purchase-on-demand

Redefining the Collection

Everything we can provide in a timely manner

Ultimately, bounded only by budget

The Consideration Pool

Titles available for purchase

Must keep at optimal size relative to budget

Filling the Pool

Approval process Broader criteria Inclusion rather than exclusion

Pool Maintenance

Rules for Length of time in pool Removal Replacement

Removal of Titles

Removal because of content, quality

Removal because of financial risk

Rules for temporary removal

Rules for permanent removal

Use Shapes the Pool

Titles that are used get to swim a bit longer Removing titles = unhappy users

A Permanent Collection

Some titles are core Establish criteria for

permanent/longer-term availability Title-by-title Series Publisher Subject

Role for Vendors

Fill the pool

Provide discovery tools

Remove/replace content

Thank You

Michael Levine-Clark

Collections Librarian

University of Denver

michael.levine-clark@du.edu

Demand Driven AcquisitionsVendor Management Issues

Electronic Resources & LibrariesMarch 2, 2011

Presented by: Matt Nauman

Launching a Demand Driven Acquisitions Service

• General themes: development, cooperation, adaptability, flexibility• Integrated service implemented and launched • Integration means that YBP and aggregators are linked • Launch Features - simplified:

• Weekly batch of digital titles based on library profile• Discovery records created and placed in FTP site• Library places records in OPAC or other discovery layer• Patrons have access to free browse, Short Term Loan and/or purchase

• Approval profiling methodology ensures appropriate titles• YBP provides invoicing for purchases and STLs• Duplication control across P and E purchases• Retro collections available

Long Term Intentions – and Considerations

•Our intent is an end-to-end management system for DDA•DDA is relatively undeveloped so we opted to work in stages

•Stage 1 with pilot libraries and these aggregator partners•Stage 2 development has started but can be adjusted as required by developments

Development Issues

• Adapted existing systems to DDA • We couldn’t start from scratch to develop this system• We adapted the Approval Profiling system to meet DDA needs

• Adjusted to varying library needs• Worked with IT & aggregators on a hurry-up schedule• Intense pressure from customers to go live• Probability of change – we can’t complete a finished system right now

or we run the risk of not being flexible• DDA will continue to evolve

How YBP Approached the Issues

• Digital team worked with internal and external contacts• Schedule and budget for each phase• We worked out new levels of cooperation with partners• Alliance of libraries, aggregators and a book vendor

developed the first stage • We thrashed around a bit but finally got this going

• In a relatively short time

Launching DDA with Pilot Libraries

• The pilot libraries all had different ideas about DDA • They had different needs for the launch

• This required close work with customers to match expectations with deliverables

• YBP developed a questionnaire and checklist to make sure everything was covered

• Cataloging records created some issues• Each customer had different needs and workflows

• The original libraries are now live• The process for the next group of customers has already started

• Phased process so we are not overwhelmed

• The launch is only the start - many new features will be added:• An updated retro service • New GOBI features• Multi vendor support• Print component – rife with problems• Billing service that allows a subscription fee• A removal service based on a customer profile• Direct to consumer – no dead ends

• We will review progress after each development round • There are as many ideas about DDA development as there are interested

customers• The final product must meet needs without being different for every library

The Next Phases of Development

• This is what the end-to-end system could be• Remember – it is a work in progress• Management components include:

• A pool of titles that will include much more than Approvals• Print and digital content• Management tools such as a dashboard, new reports & analysis• Business rules maintained by YBP• Again – the removal service based on profile• Ongoing development based on customer needs

An Early Look at Longer Term Management of DDA

Conclusions

• Personal note – this is a rewarding project• The old way of doing business does not match up with technological

development• Collections don’t need to be built on a “Just in Case” basis

• We can do better by offering efficiency and better use of budgets• We can offer a growing database of discoverable and acquirable content

• Providing access to more content than a library could be expected to purchase