DEFINING THE PATHWAY TO THE CALIFORNIA SMART GRID OF 2020CALIFORNIA SMART GRID OF 2020

GMichael GravelyManager

Energy Systems Research OfficeCalifornia Energy Commission

1

California Energy Commissionmgravely@energy.state.ca.us / 916-651-0316

Overview

• Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) ProgramPublic Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program

• What is a Smart Grid?

• Why Smart Grid?

• What is a Smart Grid for California?

• Ongoing R&D that Supports Smart Grid Implementationin California

2

Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program

• IOU Ratepayer-funded program launched in 1997 by AB1890

• Addresses electricity, natural gas, and transportation sectors

• $80M annual budget; over $400M in active projects• $80M annual budget; over $400M in active projects

• A leader in no/low-carbon science and technology programsgy p g

• Strong emphasis on collaborations

3

The PIER Program Operates in the Context of Public and Private Programs

RD&D Projects Range from Early Research & ojects a ge o a y esea cthrough Small-Scale Demonstrations

Large corp. R&D

Universities & Labs Venture Capital

Large Corporations

undin

g CEC – PIER

Utilit P

Net Cash Flow

BasicResearch

Proof of

CommercialSales

Fupm

ent

CEC Incentives Programs

Utility Programs

Net Cash FlowProof of Concept

Prototype ProductDefinition

ProductPrototype and Buisness Plan

Β unit and

Early adoptersUtility sponsoredDemonstartion

e of

Deve

lop

4

Β unit andRevised

Business PlanProduct

Introduction

Sta

ge

PIER Smart Grid Research

RenewablesEnergy Systems Integration• Transmission

• Implementing RPS• Renewable energy management• Renewable participation accounting• Advanced communications and control• Rapid grid response to renewable energy• Intelligent Agent integration and application

• Distribution• Demand Response• DER Integration• Grid Security• Energy Storage• Grid Infrastructure Integration• Intelligent Agent integration and application

IntegratedSmart Grid

Buildings--End Use EfficiencyTransportation

• AMI systems and implementation• Implementation of DR (PCT/AutoDR)

Intelligent Agent integration and application• Advanced communications and control

• PHEV charging infrastructure• PHEV as a load serving device (V2G, V2H)• Communications/transactions

ConsiderationsEnvironmental

• Implementation of DR (PCT/AutoDR)• Advanced communications and control• GHG emission reductions• DR as an Ancillary Services• Home area networks (HAN) interfaces• Smart in-home device interfaces• Energy efficiency M&E

• System automation • AMI

• GHG emission reductions• Energy efficiency M&E

IAW—End Use Efficiency

• TOU and DR metering

gy yEnergy efficiency M&E• Environmentally friendly grid• Sustainable Communities

Environmentally Preferred Advanced Generation• Energy efficiency from CHP• GHC emission reduction

5

• DR as an Ancillary Services• GHG emission reductions• Energy efficiency M&E• Advanced communications and control

• GHC emission reduction• Reduced grid congestion• High quality power for specific end users• Advanced communications and control• Local reliable, base-load generation• Rapid grid DR without end user load reductions

PIER Smart Grid Research Ongoing at all Levels

Distribution ConsumerTransmission Integration

•Automating DemandResponse

•AMI•Dynamic Rates

•Phasor Measurement•Advanced displays•Advanced comm &controls

•Renewables•Standards•Protocols•Reference designs

•DistributionAutomation

•AMI•Advanced C&C

•Home Area Networks•Plug in Hybrids•Renewables•Energy Storage

•MRTU interface•Energy Storage•Renewables

•Micro Grids•Automation

•MRTU•Energy Storage•Renewables

6

•Energy Storage

What is a Smart Grid?What is a Smart Grid?

7

Merging Two Infrastructures

Electrical Infrastructure

“Intelligence” Infrastructure

8

The Energy Independence and SecurityAct of 2007: Extracts from Title XIII

The Smart Grid includes:– Optimizing grid operations and resources to reflect the changing dynamics of

the physical infrastructure and economic markets– Cybersecurity– Using and integrating distributed resources, demand side resources, and

energy efficiency resourcesenergy efficiency resources– Deploying smart technologies for metering– Communications of grid operations and status– Distribution automation– Integrating “smart” appliances and other consumer devices– Deploying and integrating advanced electricity storage and peak-shaving

technologiesT f i i f ti t i ti l t ll t l– Transferring information to consumers in a timely manner to allow control decisions

– Developing standards for the communication and interoperability of appliances and equipment connected to the electric grid

9

q p g– Identifying and lowering barriers to adoption of smart grid technologies,

practices, and services

Smart Grid Collaborations

FERCEEI

GridWiseAlliance

EPACT05Hearings

T24

EISA2007

-SG

DOE-OEGrid 2030 G

WA

C

NERC(FM) Galvin

Initiative

WG

’s

Alliance

CC

CEC psgy P

rogr

am -

AS R

EPRIIntelligrid se

rs G

roup

W

NETL ModernGrid Initiative

IEEE

IG

CECPIER

dard

s G

roup

n Te

chno

log

LBN

L D

RA

AU

TO D

R

GridWiseProgram

GridWorks

NW GridWise Testbed

CERTS NYSERDA

CPUCAMI U

CA

Us

MEMS

Stan

d

Euro

pean

ZigB

ee

GridWorks

GridApps

CERTS

DOE-OE

NYSERDAPSERC DV 2010

Why Smart Grid?Why Smart Grid?

13

What is a Smart Grid

for California?for California?

18

California Energy Policy Targets

Greenhouse gas 11% reduction fromcurrent levels

Greenhouse gas emission

Energy Efficiency

30% reduction fromprojected levels

Zero net energy homes

Zero net energy commercial buildings

12,000 MW peak reduction

40 000 GWh/year

17,000 MW peak reduction

63 000 GWh/year Energy Efficiencyenergy homes commercial buildings40,000 GWh/year 63,000 GWh/year

Demand ResponseEconomic DR at 5% of peak *

Achieve 100% of economic potential

2000 2010 203020202008 20162013

Renewable Energy11% penetration

20% penetration

33% penetration

19(*): 1,777 MW emergency DR - 1,106 MW price-triggered DR

Ongoing R&D that Supports

Smart Grid Implementation

in California

Applications at all levels will be enabled

Distribution ConsumerTransmission Substation

Condition Monitoring

Distribution Automation Demand Response

Phasor Measurement

Communication Enabled Power InfrastructureCommunication Enabled Power Infrastructure

25

Synchrophasor Measurement –The Heart of the Smart Grid Transmission

PEACE CANYONPRINCE RUPERT

jfh01/24/95

PSM

SUNDANCE

FT. PECK

KEMANOMICA

VANCOUVER

SEATTLE

AREA

AREA

COLSTRIP

PORTLANDAREA

HOT SPRINGS

HELLSCANYON

JOSEPH GRANDCOULEE

WILLISTON

LANGDON

CHIEF

PPSM

PPSM

PPSM*

PPSM

PPSM

PPSM

PPSM

PPSM

PPSM

PPSM

DSM

DSM

DSM

DSM

DSM

DSM

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PSAM

GPS Satellite

BOISE

MALIN

TABLE MTN

ROUND MTN

SALT LAKECITY AREA

SAN FRANCISCOAREA

MIDPOINT

NAVAJO

DENVERAREA

HOOVER

PHOENIX

BURNS

PINTO

FOURCORNERS

SHASTA

DELTA

MONTROSE

LANDINGMOSS

MIDWAY

PPSM

PPSM*

PPSM

PPSM*

PPSM*

PPSM*

DSM

DSM

DSM

PMU

PMUPMU

PMUPMU

PMU

PMU

PMU

PMU*

PMU*

PMU*PMU PMU

PMU*

PMU*

PSM

PSM

PSM

WECC

JohnDay Malin Summer L Slatt McNary

Time-StampTime-StampUseful

Real-Time

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HVDC TerminalMEXICO

EL PASOAREA

PALO

DEVERSLUGO

LOS ANGELESAREA ALBUQUERQUE

AREA

VERDE

MOJAVE

PHOENIXAREA

CORONADO

Projected WSCC Monitors, 1995

Power System Analysis Monitor (BPA)

Power System Monitor

Phase-Angle Measurement Unit (Macrodyne)

Dynamic System Monitor (PTI/Hathaway)

Portable Power System Monitor (BPA)

*Proposed installation

PMU

DSM

PSMPPSM

PPSM*

PPSM

DSM

DSMDSM

DSM

PMU

PMUPMU

PSAM

500

525

550

575

age

- kV

John Day Malin Summer L Slatt McNary

Gi l t #2

Ashe reactor

Information

PMUs (Phasor Measurement

Data 425

450

475

30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

Time - seconds

Volta Grizzly reactor #2

Grizzly reactor #3

Time Synchronous

Control Center

C t f EPRIMeasurement Units)

yData

Courtesy of EPRI

Ultimately, Smart Grid required for maximum renewables deployment.

New Technologies to Accommodate Unique Renewable Generator Behaviors…

• Energy Storage & Intelligent Agent

…through a smarter Agent

• Solar and Wind Forecasting Tools

• SynchrophasorTehachapi Wind Generation - April 2005

and more flexible grid.

Synchrophasor Measurement

• Power Flow Control (spatial)• Demand Response Intermittency p• Distributed Generation • Generator and Load

Modeling

y

• Statistical and Probabilistic Forecasting Tools

• Advanced Intelligent P t ti S tProtection Systems

New Technologies for Increased Transmission Capacity…

… by optimizing the grid for greater power flow.

North-South COI • Dynamic Thermal Ratings• Real-Time System

Operations (synchrophasors & applications)

• Power Flow Control (spatial)E St• Energy Storage

• Advanced Transmission Line Conductors

• High Voltage Direct Current• High Voltage Direct Current • Distributed Generation• Statistical & Probabilistic

Analysis & Planning ToolsCalifornia –Desert Southwest

Analysis & Planning Tools• Advanced Intelligent

Protection Systems

Energy Storage Technologies Applying Smart Grid Technologies

Distribution System Applications

What applications are possible when we have a REAL TIME database of system conditions based on metering i f ti f EVERY t th t ?

• Fault Location• Outage Management

information from EVERY customer on the system?

• Optimize efficiency, voltage control, var management, power quality

• Demand control at the distribution level (optimize investment)

• Support system reconfiguration – reliability improvementy p

• Asset management support (accurate loading information, operations information)

• Support Integration of

31

Support Integration of distributed resources

Utility Grid of the Future (Smart Grid)

32Source: 2007 Integrated Energy Policy Report

California’s Electricity Demand is Dynamic

33

California’s Highest Peak Loads Occur Less Than 60 Hours Per Year

34

Demand Response Automation by Sector

Programmable Communicating Thermostat

Demand Response Automation Client

Demand Response Automation Client

InternetInternet

Automation of Demand Response

Auto-DR 2007 Results

2006 2007*PG&E AutoDR Test Day – All AutoDR

Participants – 8/30/0745000(k

W)

Total Participants 13 CPP

37 CPP53 DBP62 CBP

152 Total 30000

35000

40000

e Bui

ldin

g Pow

er (k

8-30-07 Loads

AutoDR saves

Capacity

Total Base load 8 MW 80 MW15000

20000

25000

12:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00Noon

3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00W

hole 3-10 Baseline

3-10 MABaselineOAT Baseline

AutoDR saves Energy

Total Peak Load Reduced 1 MW 25 MW

Average Peak 13 % 34%

Noon

36

Load Reduction 13 % 34%

* Includes large industrial loads.

AutoDR Customer CPP Performance

C/I Customers on CPP With and Without AutoDR

30%

40%

Average CCP

Peak Load Reduction

8% w/AutoDR

1% w/o AutoDR

0%

10%

20%

30%

erag

e Sh

ed

-1% w/o AutoDR

-20%

-10%

0%

nd ey st nd st nd nd nd

Ave

Retail-I

nland

Retail-V

alley

Retail-C

oast

Office-I

nland

Biotec

h-Coas

tPubli

c-Inlan

dInd

us-In

land

School-

Inlan

d

Auto CPP Non-Auto CPP

DR as Spinning Reserve or Ancillary Service

38

Emerging Technologies--Communications

39

Key Concept for Smart Grid Architecture: Use a Common Language for Communications

C12 22 DeviceANSI Standard

Revenue MeterData Packet

Network CommunicationsInformation

C12.22 Device

Address 135.35.5.2

Communications “Envelope”

MeterInc. Model 12b2 Phase, 120VAC, 200AUCAUCATM

End Device (Meter)

0 - Identification...Meter Data

Message 2 - Registers

6 - LoadProfile

7 - Events

...

...

Message

“Letter”

...

42

Recommendation: Develop Designs thatMake Use of Layered Communications…

Brand X“Wireless”

“Master Station”’ Computer

MeterInc. Model 12b

2 Phase, 120VAC,

200A

UUCCAA

TM

X

Brand

“Fiber Optic”

MeterInc. Model 12b

2 Phase, 120VAC,

200A

UUCCAA

TM

Brand Y

Brand Z

“Wired”

43

MeterInc. Model 12b

2 Phase, 120VAC,

200A

UUCCAA

TM

Smart Grid Infrastructure: Example of Logical Components

ons

eMeter Data C ll ti d

Com

mun

icat

ioIn

terfa

ce

Algorithm for control

Collection and Management System

Algorithm for control

nica

tions

fa

ceField Device Management

Algorithm

Com

mun

Inte

rf

Algorithm for control

Management System

44

Upcoming Smart Grid Activities

• PIER Request for Proposal:

• Defining the Pathway to the California Smart Grid of 2020

• PIER Funded RD&D Activities:

• Micro-Grid demonstrations of Smart Grid technologies

• White Paper on defining the Smart Grid standards, codes and protocols

• White Paper on the Smart Grid technologies that will accelerate the fielding or increase the penetration of renewables in California

• White Paper on how Smart Grid technologies will make electricity energy storage more useful in meeting California’s goals

Upcoming CPUC R lemaking on Smart Grid

45

• Upcoming CPUC Rulemaking on Smart Grid

Initial Research Indicates that Smart Grid Standards, Codes and Protocols Fall in Pockets

46

Follow-up Questions

Michael GravelyMichael GravelyCalifornia Energy Commissionmgravely@energy state ca usmgravely@energy.state.ca.us

916-651-0316

47