MEP IST 2014

DEEPER IN THE OCEAN

Oil Production, Processing

& Offloading

Manuel PUNGO

AGENDA

KEY WORDS AND CONCEPTS

FIELD DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURE

SPS AND SURF SYSTEMS

FLOW ASSURANCE

GIR FIELD: MAIN FEATURES

WELL STREAMS PROCESSING

OFFLOADING

Looking beyond the horizon

KEY WORDS & CONCEPTS

DEEP / ULTRA DEEP OFFSHORE

PRODUCTION: Process of extracting the hydrocarbons in controlled manner from the reservoir through well & XT and

convey it to processing or storage plant via pipelines. Extraction or recovery can be called

Primary or natural drive.

Secondary or artificial lift (WI, GI, GL, pumps, etc)

Tertiary or enhanced recovery (Steam, Surfactants – tension reducers, Detergents, etc)

PROCESSING: Combination of physical and chemical processes allowing separating the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons,

gas, water, and solids, removing the constituents that are non-saleable. Each of the by products will go through further

procedures to meet pre-defined legal, contractual and/or commercial specifications.

OFFLOADING / EXPORT: Selling liquid hydrocarbon or gas by loading into tanker or through pipelines

FIELD DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURE

FPSOLoading

buoy

Production loop

Manifold

Production well

Injection line

Injection well

Riser

Umbilical

Seabed conditions : P = 140 Bar; T = 4° C Av. Well depth = 1400 m; Fluid: Preservoir: 265 Bar ; Treservoir: 65°C

SPS & SURF SYSTEMS

LISBON May 2011

Gather and Convey the HC stream up to topsides facilities

Allow reinjection of topsides fluids down to reservoir

Supply power and hydraulics to power subsea systems

Allow MeOH injection and Dead oil circulation

System isolation in case of upset

FLOW ASSURANCE

The ability to produce hydrocarbon fluids economically from the reservoir to processing or export plant, over the

field life in any environment. FA can be impacted by:

Solids: Hydrates, Aspalthenes, Paraffin / Waxes, Sand, Scale

Flow behavior: Pour point, velocity, density, specific gravity, emulsion, slugging

Material limitation: Corrosion, Erosion, Mechanical strength, thermal performance

Reservoir Conditions & Product specifications: BHP, BHT, BSW, Salt, RVP

FLOW ASSURANCE (Cont’d)

ASPHATENES: Complex and heavy aromatic structure, precipitated by change in fluid composition

Pressure dominated

Depends on fluid specification

Clogging low points / Separators

Mitigation

Thermal

Mechanical

Chemical

PARAFFIN / WAX: Based on heavy saturates – C16 to C36 paraffinic and C30 – C60Naftenic

Solidification (Solid – Liquid equilibrium)

Temperature dependant (WAT)

Widespread but mainly on flow lines

Mitigation

Thermal (Heating, insulation, etc)

Mechanical (Pigging, etc)

Chemical (Wax inhibitors)

HYDRATES – THE NIGHTMARE

FORMATION CURVE

PHASES DIAGRAM

MITIGATION METHODSHYDRATE PREVENTION – DEEP OFFSHORE

Hydrate: ice-like structures in which gas, most often

CH4, is trapped inside water molecules.

GIR: MAIN SITE CHARACTERISTICS

Key dates & FPSO characteristics

• 1st Oil GIR : 4th of December 2001

• 1st tanker loading: 31th of December 2001

• 1st Oil ROSA: 31st march 2007

• Dimensions : 300 m x 60 m x 31 m

• Spread mooring: 16 chain/cable lines

• Total wet weight: 400 000 t.

• Electric power: 3 x 25 MW

• Oil storage: 2 million barrels

• Offloading: Via SBM buoy or tandem

• Living quarters: 180 beds

• Emergency Evacuation capacity: 240 Pax

• Flare height : 97 m

Production/ treatment capacity

• Producer wells: 39 (ROSA 14), Water injectors: 24 (ROSA 9)

& Gas injectors: 2

• Production: 280 000 BPD (max). Today: 230 000 BPD.

• Sea water treatment: 300 000 BPD.

• Injection Water: 390 000 BPD @ 150 Bar

• Gas: 8 MNm3/d injected / exported @ 250 Bar

LISBON May 2012

GENERAL PROCESS OUTLINE

OIL PROCESSING

SEA WATER TREATMENT AND INJECTION

GAS PROCESSING AND INJETION / EXPORT

PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT AND REINJECTION

OIL STORAGE

OIL OFFLOADING

BALLASTING / VESSEL STABILITY

UTILITIES

Power Generation & Distribution

Inert Gas (CO2 and N2) Generation

Methanol, Diesel & Fresh water

Disposal (Open & Closed Drains + Flaring)

SEPARATION TRAIN

Wells and Risers testing

Gravity 3 phases separation + Crude oil washing

Stabilisation and storage

GAS PROCESSING AND INJECTION/EXPORT

Handle gas from separators and tanks

• Provide LP/MP and THP compression capability

• Provide Gas injection to reservoir

• Supply gas to LNG plant

• Supply Gas Lift for artificial lifting of the risers

• Supply Fuel Gas to power turbines

• Supply Blanketing gas for storage tanks

Processing Steps

• Liquid Knock out

• Cooling

• Compression

• Dehydration + methanol Injection

• Export / Injection

SEA WATER TREATMENT

Lift and process Sea Water

• Provide Sea Water for injection

• Supply cooling water

• Supply Utility water (Reverse Osmoses)

Processing Steps

• Sea water Intake

• Chlorine Injection

• Filtration (Coarse, Micro & Nano)

• Dearation / O2 scavenging

• Sulphate removal

• Pumping

• Injection

OIL EXPORT / OFFLOADING

OFFLOADING BUOYTANDEM OFFLOADING

Mode: Buoy or Tandem

Contractual

• Laycan and Offloading duration

• Crude Specifications

Quantity: Usually 1000 K bbls

Salinity: Up to 60 mg/l

BSW: up to 0.01%

• First or Second Port

MAKING OFF – LIFE ONBOARD

LISBON May 2012