Decreasing Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents Carolyn Rosa, BSN RN PNP/PHL Progam at UVA GNUR 8610.
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Transcript of Decreasing Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents Carolyn Rosa, BSN RN PNP/PHL Progam at UVA GNUR 8610.
Decreasing Illicit Drug Decreasing Illicit Drug Use in AdolescentsUse in Adolescents
Carolyn Rosa, BSN RNCarolyn Rosa, BSN RN
PNP/PHL Progam at UVAPNP/PHL Progam at UVA
GNUR 8610GNUR 8610
AbstractAbstract
Substance use & abuse begins frequently in teen Substance use & abuse begins frequently in teen yearsyears
Currently, the CDC (2011) reports 22 million Currently, the CDC (2011) reports 22 million adults struggle with substance abuseadults struggle with substance abuse
Healthy People 2020 encourages the use of Healthy People 2020 encourages the use of environmental and societal factors to influence environmental and societal factors to influence adolescents in making healthy choices for their adolescents in making healthy choices for their futuresfutures
Expansion is needed for current programs to Expansion is needed for current programs to include more strategies for illicit drug education include more strategies for illicit drug education and prevention, directed by social network and prevention, directed by social network approachapproach– Incorporate social networking sitesIncorporate social networking sites– Text messagesText messages– Peer supportPeer support
Illicit Substance Abuse in Illicit Substance Abuse in AdolescentsAdolescents
Adolescents: 10-19 years in ageAdolescents: 10-19 years in age Substance abuse has massive effect on societySubstance abuse has massive effect on society
– Associated with risk of teenage pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, Associated with risk of teenage pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted diseases, domestic abuse, child other sexually transmitted diseases, domestic abuse, child abuse, motor vehicle crashes and deaths, crime, homicide abuse, motor vehicle crashes and deaths, crime, homicide and suicide and suicide (Healthy People 2020)(Healthy People 2020)
2009 CDC Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance 2009 CDC Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance Survey shows that marijuana and prescription drug Survey shows that marijuana and prescription drug use commonuse common-36.8% of students have tried marijuana at least -36.8% of students have tried marijuana at least once in their lifeonce in their life-20.2% of students have used prescription drugs-20.2% of students have used prescription drugs
Elevation of IssueElevation of Issue
2005 reported 22,400 unintentional and 2005 reported 22,400 unintentional and intentional drug overdose deaths intentional drug overdose deaths (Paulozzi, 2008).(Paulozzi, 2008).
Increase in ER visits for MDMA and GBH in Increase in ER visits for MDMA and GBH in teenagers teenagers (Banken, 2006)(Banken, 2006)
Dramatic increase in high risk drugsDramatic increase in high risk drugs– Between 1993 and 2005 there was a dramatic Between 1993 and 2005 there was a dramatic
increase between non-medical use of increase between non-medical use of prescription painkillers (343%), stimulants prescription painkillers (343%), stimulants (93%), tranquilizers (450%) and sedatives (93%), tranquilizers (450%) and sedatives (225%) (225%) (Benotsch, Koester, Luckman, Martin, & Cejka, 2011)(Benotsch, Koester, Luckman, Martin, & Cejka, 2011)
Reivew of LiteratureReivew of Literature
Lasting effects of Lasting effects of prevention programs are prevention programs are questionablequestionable– In 2008, Sloboda et al. In 2008, Sloboda et al.
performed a study that performed a study that examined the reports of examined the reports of substance abuse programs substance abuse programs in schools, and found that in schools, and found that many of the students did many of the students did not acknoweldge they had not acknoweldge they had received information on received information on illegal drugs within one illegal drugs within one yearyear
Team approachTeam approach– In 2010, Inman, Van In 2010, Inman, Van
Bakergem, Larosa and Bakergem, Larosa and Garr did a review of Garr did a review of evidence based evidence based programs for health programs for health promotion in schools and promotion in schools and implementation of these implementation of these programs and found programs and found using a team approach using a team approach enhanced the success of enhanced the success of any such programany such program
Project Alert found to be Project Alert found to be only program that increased only program that increased illegal drug refusalsillegal drug refusals
Review of LiteratureReview of Literature
Prevention found to be slightly more Prevention found to be slightly more effective in middle school effective in middle school (Goffredson & Wilson, 2003)(Goffredson & Wilson, 2003)
Delivery by teachers showed conflicting Delivery by teachers showed conflicting research research (O'Leary-Barrett, Mackie, Castellanos-Ryan, Al-Khudhairy, & , 2010) (O'Leary-Barrett, Mackie, Castellanos-Ryan, Al-Khudhairy, & , 2010)
High risk youth and social networkingHigh risk youth and social networking– 2011 study by Rice, Milburn and Monro showed 2011 study by Rice, Milburn and Monro showed
social networking is essential for adolescentssocial networking is essential for adolescents– Homeless youths using social networking to Homeless youths using social networking to
stay in contact with a positive role model had stay in contact with a positive role model had less substance abuseless substance abuse
Goal of ProjectALERT+Goal of ProjectALERT+ To expand upon the success of ProjectALERT To expand upon the success of ProjectALERT
using the social network approach and social using the social network approach and social ecology model to decrease illicit drug use in ecology model to decrease illicit drug use in adolescentsadolescents
ProjectALERT for 7ProjectALERT for 7thth and 8 and 8thth grade grade – Taught by teachersTaught by teachers– Address drug abuse specificallyAddress drug abuse specifically– Uses role playing, discussion, video Uses role playing, discussion, video (Project Alert, 2011)(Project Alert, 2011)
Additional components:Additional components:– Peer educators using Facebook Peer educators using Facebook – Weekly text messagesWeekly text messages– Role models from community high schoolRole models from community high school
ImplementationImplementation
Social network approach within social ecology modelSocial network approach within social ecology model– Addresses education of student based on school family life, media, Addresses education of student based on school family life, media,
social networkssocial networks and local culture and local culture (Gorin & Arnold, 2006).(Gorin & Arnold, 2006). – Utilizes the environment to encourage adolescents to make positive Utilizes the environment to encourage adolescents to make positive
choices about their futurechoices about their future
Responsibilities for Responsibilities for ImplementationImplementation
Project Director responsibilitiesProject Director responsibilities– Assess adolescent community in regards to Assess adolescent community in regards to
drug usedrug use– Implement ProjectALERTImplement ProjectALERT
Year one: Project ALERTYear one: Project ALERT Year two: Train peer support for Facebook communityYear two: Train peer support for Facebook community Recruit and train roles moelsRecruit and train roles moels Enroll students in text messagingEnroll students in text messaging Collect baseline data on effect of ProjectALERTCollect baseline data on effect of ProjectALERT
– Year three: Implement ProjectALERT+Year three: Implement ProjectALERT+ Collect data on effect of ProjectALERT+Collect data on effect of ProjectALERT+
InnovationInnovation
Specifically targets illicit drug useSpecifically targets illicit drug use Follow-up research will allow for data Follow-up research will allow for data
on illicit drug prevention onlyon illicit drug prevention only Utilizes social networks and Utilizes social networks and
technologytechnology Makes the program community Makes the program community
specificspecific New way to utilize social network New way to utilize social network
approach approach
EvaluationEvaluation
Qualitative evaluationQualitative evaluation– Interviews with peer support and role models Interviews with peer support and role models
for program feedbackfor program feedback Quantitative evaluation Quantitative evaluation
– Self-report online survey on community-Self-report online survey on community-specific abused drugs specific abused drugs
– Comparison to baseline ProjectALERT dataComparison to baseline ProjectALERT data– CDC Health Risk Behavior Survey county CDC Health Risk Behavior Survey county
specific (ie Lexington, MA)specific (ie Lexington, MA) (Youth Behavior Risk Surveillance Survey CDC, (Youth Behavior Risk Surveillance Survey CDC,
2007)2007)
Before and afterBefore and after
Budget EstimationBudget Estimation Expenses include:Expenses include:
– Project director salaryProject director salary– ProjectALERT ProjectALERT
program program ($150/educator)($150/educator)
– Classroom materials Classroom materials to implement to implement programprogram
– Group text serviceGroup text service– Website spaceWebsite space– Training fundsTraining funds– EvaluationEvaluation
For a drug free For a drug free tomorrow…tomorrow…
ReferencesReferences Banken, J.A. (2006). Drug abuse trends among youths in the United States. Banken, J.A. (2006). Drug abuse trends among youths in the United States.
Annals of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, (1025) New York Academy of Sciences, (1025) 465-471.465-471. Benotsch, E.G., Koester, S., Luckman, D., Martin, A.M. & Cejka, A.(2011). Non-Benotsch, E.G., Koester, S., Luckman, D., Martin, A.M. & Cejka, A.(2011). Non- medical use of prescription drugs and sexual risk behavior in young adults. medical use of prescription drugs and sexual risk behavior in young adults. Addictive behaviors (36)Addictive behaviors (36)12, 152-155.12, 152-155. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Adolescent and School Adolescent and School
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Society of Prevention Research (4)Society of Prevention Research (4)1.1. Gorin, S. S. & Arnold, J. (2006). Gorin, S. S. & Arnold, J. (2006). Health Promotion in Practice.Health Promotion in Practice. San Francisco, San Francisco,
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http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=2http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=2 on June on June 11, 2011.11, 2011.
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