Technical Session S9 : Technical Session S9 : DOMESTIC WATER QUALITY – ISSUES DOMESTIC WATER QUALITY – ISSUES AND MITIGATIONAND MITIGATION

Debashree DuttaDebashree DuttaBrijesh NairBrijesh Nair

DECENTRALIZED HOUSEHOLD DRINKING WATER DECENTRALIZED HOUSEHOLD DRINKING WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM TO TREAT MUNICIPAL SUPPLY TREATMENT SYSTEM TO TREAT MUNICIPAL SUPPLY WATERWATERPranav NagarnaikPranav Nagarnaik

Pawan LabhasetwarPawan Labhasetwar

April 9, 2013April 9, 2013

India Water Week ‘13

IntroductionIntroduction• Lack of safe drinking waterLack of safe drinking water• Quality insufficiently Quality insufficiently monitoredmonitored• Lack of residual chlorineLack of residual chlorine• Cross contaminationCross contamination– MicrobialMicrobial– Heavy MetalsHeavy Metals

• Disinfection byproductsDisinfection byproducts

Municipal Water Distribution Municipal Water Distribution NetworkNetwork

Source: http://www.campbellriver.ca/CityHall/Departments/Utilities/Water/Pages/Distribution.aspx

Survey and SamplingSurvey and Sampling

• 87% low income and 50% household had microbial contamination in their 87% low income and 50% household had microbial contamination in their drinking water.drinking water.

• 83% in middle income and 100% in low income had residual chlorine below 0.1 83% in middle income and 100% in low income had residual chlorine below 0.1 mg/L.mg/L.

• 78% samples without residual chlorine had microbial contamination.78% samples without residual chlorine had microbial contamination.

Basic Water Quality Household Basic Water Quality Household TreatmentTreatment• Using Natural ProductsUsing Natural Products

– Rice Husk AshRice Husk Ash

• Removal Removal – TurbidityTurbidity– Heavy MetalsHeavy Metals

• BET Surface AreaBET Surface Area231.92 (± 0.51) m231.92 (± 0.51) m22/g/g

FTIR spectra of RHA, RH, As-RHA and Cr-RHA samples

SEM micrograph of RHA (4000x. mag.)

Experimentation Experimentation Saline solution + bacterial cultureSaline solution + bacterial culture

+ copper strip + copper strip

Water + bacterial Water + bacterial culture + copperculture + copper

EMB agar for EMB agar for E.coliE.coli(Green metallic sheen (Green metallic sheen

colonies)colonies)BS agar for BS agar for SalmonellaSalmonella(Black colonies)(Black colonies)

ICP-OES

ControlControlMembrane Membrane FiltrationFiltration

Disinfection OutcomesDisinfection Outcomes

Antibacterial activity of copper strip and copper vesselAntibacterial activity of copper strip and copper vessel

• 99.99% of all cells damaged 99.99% of all cells damaged between 60 mins to 75 mins.between 60 mins to 75 mins.

• Reduction was faster in Reduction was faster in copper vessel as compared to copper vessel as compared to copper strips.copper strips.

• SalmonellaSalmonella in copper vessel in copper vessel showed slower destruction showed slower destruction rate compared to rate compared to E. coliE. coli

Disinfection OutcomesDisinfection Outcomes

Negative Control Surface released copper ions from copper strips and copper vessel

Design ConsiderationDesign Consideration

ConclusionConclusionDisinfection with CopperDisinfection with Copper - - Point of use solution for microbial purification. Point of use solution for microbial purification. - - Effective touch surfaceEffective touch surface- Low cost, low tech, easy maintenance, no chemical addition and Low cost, low tech, easy maintenance, no chemical addition and

environmentally compatible technology. environmentally compatible technology. - Potential application in decreasing the bacterial load in Potential application in decreasing the bacterial load in

household drinking water purification system. household drinking water purification system.

Safe Household

System

AcknowledgementAcknowledgementCSIR-NEERI, NagpurCSIR-NEERI, Nagpur

Dr. S. R. Wate , DirectorDr. S. R. Wate , Director Viji JohnViji John

JNRDC, NagpurJNRDC, Nagpur

SMBS, VIT University , VelloreSMBS, VIT University , Vellore Dr. Shanti, DirectorDr. Shanti, Director

Thank YouThank You““Unfortunately not all of us live close to a mountain stream where Unfortunately not all of us live close to a mountain stream where

we can fill up our water bottles and drink some of the best water we can fill up our water bottles and drink some of the best water on the planet for free – the way nature designed it”on the planet for free – the way nature designed it”