Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Str. 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany, www.dbfz.de

Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum

DBFZ

Decentralised Electricity and Heat Supply from Solid

Biomass within the Framework of the Renewable Energy Act

Eric Billig, Janet Witt,

Christiane Hennig

INDONESIA – GERMAN SEMINAR on Setting the Pace for Renewable Energy Technologies in Developing and Emerging Markets with Case Studies on

Renewable Energy Technology Transfer

Institut Teknologi Bandung

Bandung , 27th of September 2011

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Agenda

renewable energy in Europe and Germany

renewable energy from biomass in Germany

solid biomass plants in Germany

conclusion

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Directive 2009/28/EC:

promotion of the use of renewable energies

entered into force 2009

determine the binding aims

• cover 20% of the finale energy consumption of the entire EU (2020)

• share of the biofuels for transportation 10% (2020)

various national aims (depending from starting point 2005)

sustainable requirements for production of biomass for energy applications

only for biofuel and liquid bioenergy sources

• at the moment 35% reduction of GHG in comparison to conventionally

use

• 50% from 01.01.2017 and 60% from 01.01.2018

for solid biomass planned, sustainability standards and certification are

most likely

political aims

renewable in general and

biomass specific

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political aims

renewable in general and

biomass specific

Source: BMU, Renewable Energy Sources in Figures 2010

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aims in Germany till 2020:

increase renewable energy (RE) share up to 18%

decrease 10 % of the GHG from transportation by use of biofuels

increase heat provision from RE up to 14%

increase electric power provision from RE up to 35%

increase the biogas/biomethane to approx. 6% from the natural gas

consumption (till 2020 ~6 bil. m³; today approx. 300 mil. m³)

binding targets! (regulated in nREAP)

“Renewable Energy Act” (EEG) is the most important instrument

political aims

renewable in general and

biomass specific

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Policy instruments for promoting RES - focus biomass –

Germany

■Renewable energy sources for electricity (RES-E)

• Renewable Energies Act (EEG) 2000

■Renewable energy sources for heating (RES-H)

• Market incentive programme (MAP) 1999

• Renewable Energies Heat Act (EEWärmeG) 2009

■Renewable energy sources for fuels (RES-F)

• Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG)

- Definition of a biofuel quota (6.25% energetic until 2014)

- From 2015 this quota will be replaced by a GHG-mitigation quota

(7% until 2020)

• Energy Tax Act (EnergieStG)

- Tax exemption and relief for biofuels

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Overview Renewable Energies Act (EEG)

■2000: the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) came into force; amendment 2004, revised version 2009

■Currently under revision → next amendment in 2012

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150 kWel 11,67 + 2.0 + 2.0 + 1.0 + 6.0 + 7.0 + 2.0 + 1.0

500 kWel 9,18 + 2.0 + 2.0 + 1.0 + 7.0 + 2.0 + 1.0

5,000 kWel 8,25 + 2.0 + 2.0 + 1.0 + 2.5 + 4.0 + 4.0

20,000 kWel 7,79

Bonus compensation Increase

of

compen-

sation for

emission

reduction

- biogas

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Plant size Basic

compensation CHP Innovative technologies Renewables resources

Wood from

short rotation

plantation &

landscape

conservation

Thermochemical conversion

+ 6.0

+ 6.0

Landscape

conservation

material

Biochemical conversion

up to

350

Nm³/h

up to

700

Nm³/h

General

+ 4.0

+ 1.0

General Biogas upgrading

Liquid

manure

(30%)

+ 3.0

+ 3.0

+ 3.0

+ 3.0

Vegetable

oil

Wood

Compensation structure [€ Cent]

■Compensation until 20 MWel

■Structure: basic compensation plus bonus compensation (technology

bonus, renewable resources bonus, CHP bonus)

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Overview market incentive programme (MAP)

■Government grant for the installation of smaller facilities for heat supply

■Support only for heating systems in the present building stock

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Pellet stove (with water pocket)

(5 kW up to 100 kW)

Pellet boiler

(5 kW up to 100 kW)

Pellet boiler

plus newly fitted buffer storage

with a capacity of at least 30 l/kW

(5 kW up to 100 kW)

Wood chip heating system

plus newly fitted buffer storage

with a capacity of at least 30 l/kW

(5 kW up to 100 kW)

500 € per

measure

36 €/kW, at least 2,000 €

36 €/kW, at least 2,500 €

BAFA January 2011

Combination

with a solar

heating system

Energy

efficiency of

the building

Innovative

technology

Bonus compensation

500 €0.5 * basic

compensation

Type of installation Basic compensation

36 €/kW, at least 1,000 €

1,000 € per plant

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share of the renewable energies in

Germany 2010

final energy consumption: ~2.496 bil. kWh (2.500 TWh)

renewable energy: ~275 bil. kWh ( 275 TWh)

biomass: ~197 bil. kWh ( 197 TWh)

Source: BMU, March. 2011 „Erneuerbare Energien 2010“

biomass is the most important and the diverse renewable energy source

in the medium-term biomass will keep this dominant roll because of its well proved technologies and utilisation paths

biomass is particular important for heat and transportation

fossil energy

(hard coal, soft coal, oil, gas, nuclear)

89 %

Renewable

energies

11 %

hydro

0,8 % wind

1,5 %

biomass

7,9 %

other

0,9 %

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share of the RE for the german power

generation

Source: BMU, March 2011 „Erneuerbare Energien 2010“

At the end of 2010 102 TWh electrical power are provided by RE.

17% from the final electrical power consumption

Hydro:

biological

waste:

landfill gas:

sewage gas:

bio gas:

liquid

biofuels:

solid

biofuels:

photovoltaic:

wind:

biomass:approx. 33 %

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development of the biomass power plants

EEG implementation

01.04.2000

EEG amendment at

01.08.2004

EEG

amendment at

01.01.2009

EEG

amendment

01.01.2012

without pulp and paper production, wood gasifier, mini

CHP and el. power generation from bio methane

oil CHP

biogas

biomass CHP

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characteristic of the biomass power plants for the el. power generation 2010

4%

75%

21%

Biomasse(heiz)kraftwerke

Biogasanlagen

Pflanzenöl-BHKW

Anlagenbestand biomass plants 2010:

- number approx. 7.550

- installed el. capacity approx. 3,8 GWel

- el. power generation approx. 25,7 TWhel

- th. power generation approx. 22 TWhth

Source: Monitoring zur Wirkung des EEG auf die Stromerzeugung aus Biomasse, 2011

32%

61%

7%

Stromerzeugung

32%

60%

8%

Installierte elektrische

Leistung

biomass CHP

biogas

oil CHP

biogas

oil CHP

biomass CHP

biogas

oil CHP

biomass CHP

biogas

oil CHP (liquid fuels)

biomass CHP (solid fuels)

biogas

biomass plants

installed el. capacity el. power generation

av

era

ge in

sta

lle

d e

l. c

ap

acit

y

biomass CHP biogas oil CHP

plant < 1 MW

plant > 1 MW

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number of plants (n=249)

24% in Bavaria

14% in Baden-Wuerttemberg (BW)

11% in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW)

and 9% in Brandenburg

plant capacity (all: 1236 MWel)

15% in Bavaria and NRW

14% in Brandenburg

10% in BW and Niedersachsen

power generation 2010

el. power generation 8,3 TWh

th. power generation 14,1 TWh

amount of solid fuel 7,6 Mio. t/a (absolutely dry)

biomass CHP (solid fuels)

operating plants 2010 waste wood mix ……. natural wood … pulp and paper …

location …….… up to 0.5 MW

up to 5 MW

> 5 MW

up to 0.5 MW

up to 5 MW

> 5 MW

up to 0.5 MW

up to 5 MW

> 5 MW

image: location, class of capacity and fuel of the solid biomass CHP in

Germany ( without wood contributors and mini CHP < 10 kW el)

Source: 5. interim report DBFZ, „Monitoring zur Wirkung des EEG auf

die Entwicklung der Stromerzeugung aus Biomasse“

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installed capacity of the solid biomass CHP plants

Image without the pupl and

paper plants (6 plants with total

126 MWel) and approx. 84

wood carburettors (between

0,01 and 0,4 kWel) with total

7 MWel and a few mini CHP

plants <10 MWel

Source: DBFZ, 5. interim

report, BMU-Projekt

„Monitoring zur Wirkung

des EEG auf die

Entwicklung der

Stromerzeugung aus

Biomasse“ (2008 – 2011)

plants

plants

plants

installed capacity

nu

mb

er

of

pla

nts

ins

talle

d e

l. c

ap

ac

ity [

MW

el]

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fuel supply in 2010

fuel supply and el. (average) capacity per fuel type

fuel amount

absolutely dry

no water

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(Ø 6,7 MW)

(Ø 12,5 MW) (Ø 3,5 MW)

(Ø 3,1 MW)

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by plant number

by plant capacity

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structure of the operators 2009

energy supply company

project company

other

sawmill industry

wood panel industry

wood processing industry (e.g. furniture)

wood pellet production

DBFZ electrical structure 2010

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249 plants installed in 2010

DBFZ heat structure 2010

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typical heat applications are long/low

distance heating, wood pellet facility,

own energy consumption (heat, fuel

drying), process steam

249 plants installed in 2010

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operating firing technologies 2010

In praxis plants with grate firing often have a higher heat extracting than fluidized bed

firing plants.

Image: without pulp and paper, carburettors und and mini CHP < 10 kWel)

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installed technologies for the el. power generation 2010

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excursion: gasification, the increasing

market

Now there are approx. 50 provider of gasifiers in Germany who are

producing CHPs which run with solid biomass fuels.

The most gasifiers operate between 10 and 1000 kWel, but there are some

few in development which are quite bigger (MW-class).

The average capacity is currently approx. 80 kWel

The most plants don’t run steadily and are still in the development period.

Source: 5. Zwischenbericht DBFZ, „Monitoring zur Wirkung des

EEG auf die Entwicklung der Stromerzeugung aus Biomasse“

date number of plants installed el. capacity

[MWel]

12/2008 62 7,4

12/2009 estimated 73 estimated 7,1

12/2010 84 6,7

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“Renewable Energy Act” (EEG) is the most important instrument

the energetic use of woody biomass is enlarged by the EEG

steering incentives of the EEG bonus

• renewable raw material: increasing use of residual forest wood and landscape

cultivation materials, but straw and hay seldom used

• CHP: high rate of heat extraction (only 5% without), essential by new plants

• technology bonus: increasing use of new technologies like ORC and gasifier (up

to 3 MWel), but low incentives for development of new technologies or

improvement of known technologies

sustainable standards for biofuels and liquid bioenergy sources are already required

sustainable standards for solid biofuels discussed, but so far not details known

conclusion – solid fuels from biomass

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Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum gemeinnützige GmbH

Torgauer Straße 116

04347 Leipzig

Germany www.dbfz.de

Kontakt:

M.-Eng. Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Eric Billig

+49 – 341 / 2434 462

Eric.Billig@dbfz.de

Thank you for your attention!