Day 7 February 2 Chapter 5 Scribd

8/3/2019 Day 7 February 2 Chapter 5 Scribd

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February 2nd

Skipping Chapter 4 (we re a bit behind)

and moving to Chapter 5(There will be NO Chapter 4 on the test)

Posted the exam grades and clicker participationto Springboard


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End of Chapter 3

A bit more about cancer and cell division


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How can a lack of communicationbetween cells lead to cancer?

Contact inhibition normal cells stopdividing when they bump up against eachother.

Tumors a mass of cells that suck up thebody s energy.


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A large SINGL E cancer cell removedfrom a person s chest


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Chapter 5: DNA, Gene Expression,and Biotechnology

What is the code and how is it harnessed?

Lectures by Mark Manteuffel, St. Louis Community College; Clicker Questions by Kristen Curran, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater


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5.1 The DNA 200

Knowledge about DNA isincreasing justice in the world.


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What is the most common reason why

DNA analyses overturn incorrectcriminal convictions?


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The Age of the Gene


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The DNA molecule containsinstructions for the development

and functioning of all livingorganisms.


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(1900 s 1950 s) Two Important

Features of DNA(1 ) DNA contains the instructions on howto create a body and control its growthand development.

(2 ) The instructions encoded in the DNAmolecule are passed down from parent to offspring.


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Q uestions about transcription andtranslation

ATTGCTAGCGC (one side of DNA)

TAACGATCGCG (other side of DNA)

If we were going to make mRNA from thestrand above A s become U s

AUUGCUAGCGC would be the mRNA


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Genes are sections of DNA thatcontain instructions for makingproteins.

Why is DNA considered theuniversal code for all life on

earth?


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The number of chromosomes varies fromspecies to species.

Corn has 10 unique chromosomes.

Fruit flies have only four.

Dogs and chickens have 3 9 different chromosomes.

Goldfish have 47 chromosomes.

I ndividuals in each of these species inherit onecopy of each chromosome from each parent.


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Not all DNA contains instructions formaking proteins.


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An onion has five times asmuch DNA as a human.

Why doesn t that make themmore complex than us?


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The Proportion

of the DNAThat Codes forGenes


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H ow do genes work? An overview

Ju st as having a recipe for chocolate chip cookies is not the same thing as having theact u al cookies

Think abo u t it: every cell contains all of the information needed toman u fact u re every protein in the body.

This means that the skin cells on yo u r arm contain the genes for prod u cing livercells and red blood cells and m u scle tiss u e b u t they don t.


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Genotypeall of the genes contained in anorganism

P henotypethe physical manifestations of the

instructions


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5.6 Transcription: reading theinformation coded in DNA


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5.7 Translation: using informationfrom DNA to build usable molecules


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Several ingredients must be present in thecytoplasm for translation to occur.

Free amino acids

Ribosomal units

Transfer RNA


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Causes and effects of mutation

Alteration of the sequence of bases inDNA

can lead to changes in the structure andfunction of the proteins produced

can have a range of effects


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Mutations

Bad reputation

Tend to be disruptive

Very, very rare


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Day 7 February 2 Chapter 5 Scribd

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