Day 4 – Chapter 2 January 19 Chemistry scribd

8/3/2019 Day 4 Chapter 2 January 19 Chemistry scribd

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Day 4 Chapter 2

Power Up your Clicker!

Some notes onbiologywithtechnology.com


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2.6 Water has unusual properties thatmake it critical to life.

Cohesion

Large heat capacity

Low density as a solid

Good solvent

KNOW THESE!!!!


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Cohesion


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Heat Capacity


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Why do coastal areas havemilder, less variable climates

than inland areas?


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Low Density as a Solid


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2.7 Living systems are highly

sensitive to acidic and basicconditions.

ACID RAIN


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pH Scale

The amount ofH+ in a solution is ameasure of its acidity and is called pH.

Acids

BasesThe pH scale is logarithmic, like the Richter Scale for earthquakes: an increase in 1 on the scale

represents a ten-fold increase in the hydrogen ion concentration.

An increase of 2 represents a hundred-fold increase.

This means that Coke, with a pH of about 3.0, is 10,000 times (!) more acidic than a glass of

water, with a pH of 7.0.


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Bases

Low H+

High OH

Antacids

Baking soda, seltzer, milk of magnesia,household cleaners


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So, now that we know life is a

gentle balance of acids and bases

how does that affect the things

we eat?


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Four Types of Macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic acids


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2.8 Carbohydrates are macro-moleculesthat function as fuel.

Health topics ofthe year

Low-carb diet?

Hi-carb diet?

Carbo-loading?

Fiber intake?

What arecarbohydrates?


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Carbohydrates

C, H, and O

Primary fuel fororganisms

Cell structure


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Glucose

Mostcarbohydrates

ultimatelyconverted intoglucose

Blood sugar


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More

Carbohydrates

Cellulose (plant

based)

Chitin (shellfish)


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Fiber

Roughage

Colon cancer prevention/reduction

Termites ecological role


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Fat molecules contain much more storedenergy than carbohydrate molecules.


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2.15 Proteinsare versatile

macromoleculesthat serve asbuilding blocks.


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Amino Acids

Twenty different amino acids

Strung together to make proteins


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2.16 Proteins are an essentialdietary component.

Growth

Repair

Replacement


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2.17 Protein functions are influenced bytheir three-dimensional shape.

Peptide bonds


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Why do some people have curly hair andothers have straight hair?


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2.19 Nucleic acids are macromolecules thatstore information.


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Information Storage

The information in a molecule of DNA isdetermined by its sequence of bases.

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

CGATTACCCGAT


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2.20 DNA holds the genetic informationto build an organism.


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RNA differs from DNA in threeimportant ways.

The sugar molecule of the sugar-phosphate backbone

Single-stranded

Uracil (U) replaces thymine (T)

Day 4 – Chapter 2 January 19 Chemistry scribd

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