Data Handling

- Collecting data

Tallying, collecting and grouping data

A tally sheet is a simple data collection form for observing how frequently something occurs.

Representing data

Frequency Distribution

A frequency distribution is a tabulation of the values that one or more variables take in a sample.

Scatter Graphs

The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.

Histogram

It a graphical display of tabulated frequencies, shown as bars. Histograms are used to plot density of data, and often for density estimation: estimating the probability density function of the underlying variable.

• Pie chart• A pie chart (or a circle

graph) is a circular chart divided into sectors, illustrating relative magnitudes or frequencies.

• Failure Prevention– It is a technique which would help you to anticipate problems

before they happen. It is a proactive approach used by the organizations.

• When to use it?– On any new activity– Whenever a significant change is planned– When consequences of failure are high

• How to use it?– Identify the potential problem– Examine the root cause of problem– Identify actions to prevent failure.

Ranking

A ranking is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any two items, the first is either "ranked higher than", "ranked lower than" or "ranked equal to" the second.

Rating

In general, a rating is the evaluation or assessment of something, in terms of quality (as with a critic rating a novel), quantity (as with an athlete being rated by his or her statistics), or some combination of both.

Case Study

• Market Position; Market Share and Profitability of a Bank– Market a share is used to reflect it as the

Bank of choice.– Customer share– Competition with other banks