Name: Istiaque Ahmed Name: Istiaque Ahmed ShuvoShuvoId: 141311057Id: 14131105755thth batch, 7 batch, 7thth Semester SemesterSec-B Sec-B Dept. Of CseDept. Of CseVarendra University, Varendra University, RajshahiRajshahi 

Submitted To

Name: Name: Arifa FerdousiArifa Ferdousi

Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,

Dept. of CSEDept. of CSEVarendra University,Varendra University,RajshahiRajshahi

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Five Components of Data Communication

• Message: – text, number, images, audio, and video

• Sender and Receiver– devices that send/receive data message– Computer, workstation, telephone, TV, etc.

• Transmission medium– Physical path thru which the message travels

• Protocol– Set of rules governing data communications

Five Components of Data Five Components of Data CommunicationCommunication

Data flow (simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex)

1.4

Type of Connection

• Point-to-Point• Multipoint (multi-drop)

1.5

Physical Topology

• Mesh topology• Star topology• Bus topology• Ring topology• Hybrid topology

1.6

A mesh topology is one which all of the nodes are directly connected with all of the other nodes.A mesh topology is the best choice when you require fault tolerance, however, it is very difficult to setup and maintain.

There are two types of mesh network: full mesh and partial mesh. A full mesh is one which every workstation is connected to the other ones in the network. In a partial mesh, the workstations have at least two NICs with connections to other nodes on the network. Mesh networks are commonly used in WANs.

Mesh TopologyMesh Topology

Mesh Topology

Star TopologyTopologyThe most popular topology for business today - the star topology consists of all of the nodes on a network connected to a central switch or hub. A node is a device attached to the network - such as a computer.Each node on the network has a cable back to the central switch. If one cable fails to a node, only that node (computer) is affected. You can combine several switches or hubs to create several stars, all connected together.

The Star topology is very inexpensive to maintain versus other topologies. 10BaseT is an example of Star topology. Think of the star topology as a big wheel. At the center of the wheel is a switch or hub and each spoke going out from the center goes to a node.

Star TopologyStar Topology

Bus TopologyBus TopologyBus topology is one which all of the devices on the network are connected with a single cable with terminators on each end. This single cable is often referred to as a backbone or trunk.The typical Bus network uses coax as its cable. Coax is a cable similar to what you use for your cable TV. Coax is also referred to as 10Base2.

The upside to using coax is that it is inexpensive, easy to install, and is not as susceptible to electromagnetic interference as twisted pair cable is.

The downside for a coax network is the speed is limited to 10 Mbps (Megabits per second) and that is an interruption occurs in the cable, all of the nodes (workstations) on the cable will lose connectivity. If a NIC fails or a cable is disconnected at any of the points in the network, it will not be terminated properly so all of the computers will lose connectivity to the network.

Bus TopologyBus Topology

Ring TopologyRing TopologyIn ring topology, each host machine connects to exactly two other machines, creating a circular network structure. When one host tries to communicate or send message to a host which is not adjacent to it, the data travels through all intermediate hosts. To connect one more host in the existing structure, the administrator may need only one more extra cable.Failure of any host results in failure of the whole ring. Thus, every connection in the ring is a point of failure. There are methods which employ one more backup ring.

Ring TopologyRing Topology

Hybrid TopologyA network structure whose design contains more than one topology is said to be hybrid topology. Hybrid topology inherits merits and demerits of all the incorporating topologies. The above picture represents an arbitrarily hybrid topology. The combining topologies may contain attributes of Star, Ring, Bus, and Daisy-chain topologies. Most WANs are connected by means of Dual-Ring topology and networks connected to them are mostly Star topology networks. Internet is the best example of largest Hybrid topology

Hybrid TopologyHybrid Topology