Daria Preston Understanding the Influencing Factors of the International Energy Trade Senior Honors...

7/31/2019 Daria Preston Understanding the Influencing Factors of the International Energy Trade Senior Honors Thesis 2012

1/45

^len}tukleflg uhn Fl`i~nldflg @kdub}t b` uhn Flun}lkufblki Nln}gv U}ken

;


K D}btt/Lkufblki Tukuftufdki Klkivtft

Ek}fk S}ntubl

HBLT >;3;AMHblb}t Uhntft

E}, Ok}ufl T, Newk}et

Ts}flg =3;=


2/45


=

Kmtu}kdu

Uhn fosb}ukldn b` nxsib}flg nln}gv s}be~dufbl ft `~lekonluki ub lbu bliv uhn t~tukflne

`~ldufblkifuv b` db~lu}fnt gibmkiiv) m~u fu kitb hbiet uhn jnv ub `~u~}n flun}lkufblki u}ken

bssb}u~lfufnt, Hftub}v hkt s}bpfene ~t wfuh kosin npfenldn b` uhn nxu}non fosb}ukldn whfdh

bmukflonlu kle kddntt ub nln}gv }ntb~}dnt hkt bl lkufblki kle flun}lkufblki sbifdfnt,

Dblunosb}k}fiv) sbifufdki u~}obfi) ndblbofd ebwlu~}l) kle hnfghunlne unltfblt hkpn non}gne fl

k}nkt t~dh kt uhn Ofeein Nktu) mnuwnnl sbtu/tbpfnu mibd tukunt) Tb~uhnktu Ktfk) kle uhn ^lfune

Tukunt e~n ub kl fld}nktne `nk} b` ensinuflg lbl/}nlnwkmin nln}gv tb~}dnt, @b} oklv) }ntb~}dn

tdk}dfuv ft lb iblgn} k okuun} b` tsnd~ikufbl) m~u k hk}th }nkifuv, ^len}tukleflg kle klkivqflg

tukunt fldnlufpnt fl uhnf} endftfbl/okjflg s}bdnttnt }ngk}eflg uhn nln}gv u}ken ft pfuki fl

sbtu~ikuflg kle dblunosikuflg uhn `~u~}n b` kl npn}/gibmkifqflg wb}ie, Kiuhb~gh k tfglf`fdklu

ifun}ku~}n nxftut bl uhn ndbibgfdki dbltn{~nldnt b` }ngfblki nln}gv dblt~osufbl kle s}be~dufbl)

kt wnii kt uhn foskdu b` tsndf`fd nln}gv }ntb~}dn dblt~osufbl b` k }ngfbl) intt }ntnk}dh kle ekuk

nxftut fl uhn k}nk b` uhn flun}lkufblki nln}gv u}ken, Uhft sksn} tnnjt ub kee}ntt k sfndn b` uhn

g}nkun} s~qqin fl ~len}tukleflg nln}gv u}ken skuun}lt

Uhft uhntft kfot ub nxsib}n uhn tfofik}fufnt kle ef``n}nldnt `b~le fl db~lu}fnt endftfblt

sn}ukflflg ub u}ken fl flun}lkufblki nln}gv, Mktne bl ifun}ku~}n whfdh eftd~ttnt ndblbofd

fldnlufpnt kle kmfifufnt b` db~lu}fnt ub ~ufifqn uhnf} s~}dhktflg sbwn} fl nlgkgflg fl flun}lkufblki

u}ken) F dbltu}~du k tukuftufdki klkivtft bl k d}btt/lkufblki inpni b` `fpn ef``n}nlu flensnlenlu

pk}fkmint uhku wb~ie sbunlufkiiv k``ndu flun}lkufblki nln}gv fosb}ut, F dbiindu ekuk `}bo unl

}kleboiv dhbtnl db~lu}fnt wb}iewfen) bpn} uhn sn}fbe b` ufon `}bo ;663 ub =3;3, @b} nkdh

db~lu}v kle uhnf} ekuk ufon `}kon) F klkivqn uhn n``ndut b` uhn `fpn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint bl uhn

ubuki lnu nln}gv fosb}ut kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES (g}btt ebontufd s}be~du1 GLS (g}btt lkufblki


3/45


4

s}be~du) GLS sn} dksfuk) u}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` ubuki GES) ubuki }ntb~}dnt }nlu kt k sn}dnlukgn

b` GES) kle `flkiiv F nxsib}n uhn Sbifuv FP flenx kt k onkt~}n b` sbifufdki difokun wfuhfl k

db~lu}v kt mktne bl k uwnluv sbflu tvtuno) onkt~}flg enobd}kdv kle k~ubd}kdv, F `fle lb

tukuftufdki tfglf`fdkldn fl }ngk}et ub ubuki lnu nln}gv fosb}u kle kii flensnlenlu pk}fkmint wfuh uhn

nxdnsufbl b` lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES, F `fle uhku }ntb~}dn }nlut

s}bpn ub mn uhn ibln pk}fkmin ub sb}u}kv tukuftufdki tfglf`fdkldn kd}btt obenit wfuh uhn s}npfb~tiv

entd}fmne flensnlenlu pk}fkmin dblu}bit, F uhn}n`b}n okjn uhn k}g~onlu uhku }ngk}eintt b` uhn

inpni b` u}ken bsnllntt) kt wnii kt ndblbofd tfqn kle wnkiuh) ndblbofd kle sbifufdki dbosbtfufbl

b` k db~lu}v) uhn fosb}ukldn b` nln}gv kle kddntt ub nln}gv ft pki~ne `k} ob}n uhkl buhn} ktsndut

b` k db~lu}vt gbpn}lkldn, ]nt~iut thbw uhku f` k db~lu}v hkt k ibw inpni b` lkufblki lku~}ki

nln}gv }ntb~}dnt) ndblbofd dbltfen}kufblt wfii tfen wfuh kl fld}nktn b` lnu `b}nfgl nln}gv

fosb}ut ub tkuft`v nln}gv enokle, Uhft dbldi~tfbl ef}nduiv bssbtnt k tukunonlu oken mv

tdhbik}t) Thkllbl Mnnmn kle Ok}v Jkieb}) whb dikfo fl uhnf} mbbj) Uhn ^iufokun Wnksbl Ft

Lb Wnksbl) uhku db~lu}fnt k}n `~ldufblflg ~len} k tu}kungfd tu}kungv b` u}ken) }kuhn} uhkl k

ok}jnu mktne tvtuno, Uhn }nt~iut b` uhft uhntft t~ssb}u uhn dbldi~tfbl uhku db~lu}fnt k}n

}ntsbleflg ub ok}jnu t~ssiv kle enokle) dblu}ktuflg Mnnmn kle Jkieb}t dikfot,


4/45


5

@b} E}, Newk}et) kl ~lsk}kiinine onlub} kle kepftb})

ov sk}nlut)

kle Tk}kh kle ]fpn} Mnkl)

wfuhb~u whbtn `k}o kle enefdkufbl F wb~ie hkpn lnpn} eftdbpn}ne ov bwl skttfbl,


5/45


>

Ukmin b` Dblunlut

F, Flu}be~dufbl,,0FF, Fosb}ukldn b` Ubsfd,,,;;

FFF, Nxftuflg Ifun}ku~}n,;5FP, ]ntnk}dh Entfgl kle Ekuk,=3P, @fleflgt,=7

PF, Dbldi~tfblt kle @~}uhn} Fosifdkufblt,,,46PFF, ]n`n}nldnt,,55


6/45


0

Flu}be~dufbl

Uhn =;tu dnlu~}v hkt tb `k} mnnl kl n}k b` undhlbibgfdki flgnl~fuv) onefdflki of}kdint)

sbifufdki ~s}ftflgt kle }npbi~ufblt) kle uhn npn} g}bwflg ~len}tukleflg uhku b~} wb}ie ft lbu

lnk}iv kt mfg kt b}fgflkiiv uhb~ghu, Wfuh uhn gibmki sbs~ikufbl d}nnsflg ~s ub k ubuki b` 7 mfiifbl

snbsin) fu ft mndboflg sbfglkluiv dink} uhku b~} wb}ie ft bl uhn m}flj b` gibmki tdk}dfuv) fl kl

k}nk whfdh ~lufi pn}v }ndnluiv hkt kiwkvt mnnl dbltfen}ne ub mn fleftsnltfmin1 lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt,

@}bo wkun}) ub `bbe) ub k}kmin ikle) mktfd `kdnut b` h~okl t~}pfpki kle lndnttfuv k}n mndboflg

ubsfdt b` hnkune eftd~ttfbl kle sbunlufki tb~}dnt `b} flun}tukun wk}t, Hbwnpn}) npnl fl db~lu}fnt

whn}n mktfd h~okl lndnttfuv ft tufii ken{~kuniv s}bpfene `b}) k}nkt b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dn tdk}dfuv

hkpn mndbon ubsfdt b` hk}e sbwn} dbldn}lt, Lkufblki tnd~}fuv tu}kungfnt) whfin mnflg dbltdfb~t

b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dn tdk}dfuv) hkpn sk}ufd~ik}iv `bd~tne bl uhn tnd~}fufqkufbl b` lbl/}nlnwkmin

}ntb~}dn nxu}kdufbl kle bmukflonlu, Uhft tu}~ggin mnuwnnl uhn lndnttfuv ub s}bundu s}be~dufbl

kle kddntt ub nln}gv tb~}dnt kle uhn }nt~iuflg nlpf}blonluki eng}kekufbl ft k dbltuklu ubsfd b`

eftkg}nnonlu kle sbifdv enmkunt) hflgnt b~} d~}}nlu tbdfnuki hkmfut kle tu}~du~}n mnuwnnl

sn}snu~kune entu}~dufbl kle gibmki t~ddntt,

Uhn ^lfune Tukunt ft lbu tni`/t~``fdfnlu fl bfi, Bfi fl uhft dblunxu okv mn }nsikdne wfuh klv

tb~}dn b` lbl/}nlnwkmin nln}gv fl uhn dktn b` uhn ^lfune Tukunt, Fl uhn g}nkun} tsndu}~o b`

flun}lkufblki nln}gv flensnlenldn) oklv db~lu}fnt k}n `kdflg tfofik} s}bminot fl uhn k}nk b`

nln}gv u}ken) b} tfosiv fl uhn dkskmfifuv b` s}be~dflg kle s}bpfeflg nln}gv `b} fut bwl tukun,

Kdhfnpflg flensnlenldn `}bo `b}nfgl lbl/}nlnwkmin nln}gv tb~}dnt ft k gbki `b} oklv tukunt)

wfuh uhn ifjnifhbbe b` kdu~ki `}~fufbl ensnleflg ik}gniv bl `~u~}n undhlbibgfdki kle u}ken

endftfblt, Whnuhn} uhft ft mndk~tn }nlnwkmin nln}gv tb~}dnt k}n ubb nxsnltfpn ub s}be~dn mktne

bl uhn db~lu}vt undhlbibgfdki kepkldnonlu) ndblbofd kmfifuv) b} sbifufdki difokun) b`unl ufont k


7/45


7

db~lu}v wnkiuhv wfuh nln}gv tb~}dnt ft ~lkmin ub s}be~dn ebontufdkiiv) kle nfuhn} fosb}ut

`b}nfgl s}be~dne nln}gv t~ssifnt b} nxsb}ut fut bwl d}~en nln}gv }ntb~}dnt, Nln}gv tnd~}fuv ft

ob}n uhkl on}niv k `kdub} b` h~okl tnd~}fuv) m~u ft fltunke pfnwne mv oklv db~lu}fnt ensnlenlu

bl enpnibsne fl`}ktu}~du~}n kt okuun} b` uhn ~uobtu lndnttfuv) ub uhn sbflu whn}n ofifuk}v

s}ntnldn ub tnd~}n nln}gv ft a~tu kt fosb}uklu kt fu ft fl s}bunduflg mbuh lkpki kle kf} }fghut,

(Mnnmn kle Jkieb} ;04

Uhn ^lfune Tukunt) ]~ttfk) kle Dhflk kii unle ub kebsu k tu}kungfd }kuhn} uhkl ok}jnu

kss}bkdh ub nln}gv tnd~}fuv) tkv Mnnmn kle Jkieb}) t~ggntuflg uhku fl }ngk}et ub nln}gv

}ntb~}dnt) uhn}n ft lbuhflg ob}n fosb}uklu uhkl enpnibsflg k sbtfufbl b` tnd~}fuv fl }ngk}et ub

mbuh uhn t~ssiv kle kddntt ub }ntb~}dnt, ]kufblkifuv wb~ie kii~en ub db~lu}fnt okjflg u}ken

endftfblt mktne bl ndblbofd kmfifuv) kt wnii kt s~}t~flg dhbfdnt uhku k}n sbifufdkiiv

kepklukgnb~t) mbuh lkufblkiiv kle flun}lkufblkiiv, Hbwnpn}) Mnnmn kle Jkieb} sbtu~ikun uhku

nln}gv tnd~}fuv ft kss}bkdhne `}bo k u}kefufblki uwnlufnuh/dnlu~}v dbldnsufbl b`hk}e tnd~}fuv)

k ukdufd s}fok}fiv nlu}nldhne fl ofifuk}v nl`b}dnonlu ubwk}et uhn nle gbki, Tukuflg uhku

ndblbofdkiiv wnkiuhv kle flun}lkufblkiiv sbwn}`~i db~lu}fnt s~}t~n tu}kungfd }kuhn} uhkl ok}jnu

kss}bkdhnt fl bmukflflg nln}gv tb~}dnt onklt uhku onkt~}nt k}n ukjnl ub bmukfl nln}gv }ntb~}dnt

ku kii dbtut) kmkleblflg ok}jnu s}ntt~}nt kle skuun}lt, Tu}kungfd kss}bkdhnt kfo ub fld}nktn

kddnttfmfifuv kle bmukflonlu b` nln}gv }ntb~}dnt ku klv dbtu) whfin ok}jnu kss}bkdhnt `bd~t bl

enpnibsflg u}ken skuun}lt kle }nikufblthfst, Fldnlufpnt k}n hfghn} ub dble~du ~lkuu}kdufpn u}ken

kg}nnonlut f` uhft wfii ~iufokuniv fos}bpn db~lu}vt tu}kungfd sbtfufbl fl nln}gv }ntb~}dn

bmukflonlu, (Mnnmn kle Jkieb} ;0>

F` Mnnmn kle Jkieb} k}n db}}ndu uhku nln}gv dblt~osufbl kle u}ken k}n e}fpnl mv tu}kungfd

dhbfdn }kuhn} uhkl ok}jnu dhbfdn) uhnl uhn g}nkun} t~mandu }nokflt b` dink} fldnlufpnt fl nln}gv


8/45


8

fosb}ukufbl kle u}ken, Dblt~osufbl kle enokle b` nln}gv ft npfenldne uh}b~gh uhn e}kokufd

ef``n}nldnt b` sn} dksfuk nln}gv dblt~osufbl kd}btt lkufblt mktne bl lnu ndblbofd enpnibsonlu

(G}nnl 6, Wfuh uhft fl ofle) k {~ntufbl }nokflt fl }ngk}et ub intt `ftdkiiv wnkiuhv db~lu}fnt kle

uhnf} ok}gflki s}bsnltfuv kle wfiiflglntt ub tsnle bl `b}nfgl b} ebontufdkiiv s}be~dne nln}gv

}ntb~}dnt, Lnu ndblbofd enpnibsonlu ebnt lbu fldi~en ft }ngfblki efpn}tfuv kle ef``n}nldnt fl

ndbibgfdki `kdub}t) t~dh kt difokun) gnbg}kshfd eftsn}tfbl kle sbs~ikufbl enltfuv) kii b` whfdh

kitb k``ndu k db~lu}vt nln}gv dblt~osufbl kle enokle,

Gnln}kiiv tsnkjflg) nln}gv oben}lfqkufbl ft k jnv flefdkub} b` dblt~osufbl wfuhfl k

db~lu}v (G}nnl ;3, Nln}gv oben}lfqkufbl fldi~ent `kdub}t t~dh kt ndblbofd kdufpfuv fl uhn

fle~tu}fki kle tn}pfdnt tndub}t) skuun}lt b` u}kltsb}ukufbl) kle }ntfenlufki dblt~osufbl, (G}nnl

;3 Uhntn uh}nn k}nkt k}n lbu bliv s}ntnlu wfuhfl enpnibsne kle oben}lfqne db~lu}fnt: kii sikv

okab} }bint fl enpnibsflg db~lu}fnt kt wnii, Hbwnpn}) nln}gv dblt~osufbl ft kitb enun}oflne

mv b~utfen pk}fkmint lbu dfune mv G}nnl uhku enun}ofln oben}lfqkufbl) t~dh kt k `~ldufblflg

gbpn}lonlu uhku okv mn b}fnlune ubwk}et g}nnl flfufkufpnt) }nlnwkmin nln}gv) kle kt Akv Hkjnt

eftd~ttnt fl K Endik}kufbl b` Nln}gv Flensnlenldn e~}flg uhn S}ntfenlu Dk}un}t

keoflftu}kufbl uhn ^lfune Tukunt) k sn}fbe b` nln}gv `ktuflg kle k gnln}ki dkii ub k }ne~dufbl b`

nln}gv ~tkgn, (Hkjnt >8

Fl G}nnlt sksn} bl Nxsikflflg D}btt/Lkufblki Pk}fkufbl fl Nln}gv Dblt~osufbl) hn

t~ggntut klbuhn} uhnb}v nln}gv dblt~osufbl ft dblefufblne mv k db~lu}vt ibdkufbl wfuhfl uhn

flun}lkufblki ndblbofd hfn}k}dhv, (G}nnl ;; ]ngfblki ef``n}nldnt) sbifufdki sbtfufblflg) kle

tbdfnuki s}kdufdnt) hn dikfot) k}n tbon b` uhn okab} k}nkt whfdh enun}ofln k db~lu}vt

dblt~osufbl }kun, Uhntn `kdub}t kitb) fl u~}l) enun}ofln wnhuhn} b} lbu k db~lu}v wfii fosb}u


9/45


6

`b}nfgl nln}gv) ensnleflg bl uhn enokle kle kmfifuv ub s}be~dn nln}gv wfuhfl uhn db~lu}vt bwl

un}}fub}v,

Dink}iv) ~len}tukleflg k db~lu}vt dblt~osufbl }kun b` nln}gv ft lbu kl nktv ubsfd ub

ukdjin) inu kibln onkt~}n, Kt k mktfd }~in b` ndblbofdt) dblt~osufbl ft e}fpnl mv enokle) whfdh

o~tu mn kee}nttne uh}b~gh nfuhn} lkufblki b} flun}lkufblki onklt, Oklv tdhbik}t nxsib}n uhn

ubsfd b` nln}gv dblt~osufbl) hbwnpn} intt ft eftd~ttne bl uhn ubsfd b` nln}gv u}ken, Whfin

dblt~osufbl kle s}be~dufbl ft enun}oflne mv bpn}k}dhflg `kdub}t b` d~iu~}n) sbifufdt) kle

ndblbofdt) u}ken kle k db~lu}vt dhbfdn ub enpnibs b} s~}dhktn nln}gv }ntb~}dnt k}n ~lnxkoflne

uh}b~gh uhntn tkon pk}fkmint,

Uhn s~}sbtn b` uhft sksn} wfii mn ub klkivqn kle ~len}tukle uhn pk}fkmint uhku enun}ofln k

db~lu}vt dhbfdn ub fosb}u `b}nfgl nln}gv }ntb~}dnt) }kuhn} uhkl endfeflg ub s}be~dn

ebontufdkiiv, Uhn okab} {~ntufbl ub mn kltwn}ne wfuhfl uhft sksn} ft whnuhn} nln}gv fosb}ukufbl

ft kl k}nk uhku ft enun}oflne mv k db~lu}vt d~iu~}n) flun}lkufblki ndblbofd hfn}k}dhv) mv uhn

kob~lu b` lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dnt ibdkune ebontufdkiiv) b} buhn} `kdub}t dbldn}lflg ndblbofd

kmfifuv, Whfin lkufblki enokle ef}nduiv k``ndut k db~lu}vt dhbfdn ub nfuhn} fosb}u b} s}be~dn

nln}gv ebontufdkiiv) uhn pk}fkmint uhku enun}ofln k `flki endftfbl fl }ngk}et ub uhn s}fok}v b}fgfl

b` nln}gv mndbont k dink}iv en`flflg dhk}kdun}ftufd b` k db~lu}vt flun}lkufblki tuku~t kt

ensnlenlu b} flensnlenlu `}bo `b}nfgl nln}gv,

F wfii dble~du k ifun}ku~}n }npfnw bl M}fkl G}nnlt sksn} Nxsikflflg D}btt/Lkuflbki

Pk}fkufbl fl Nln}gv Dblt~osufbl) whfdh wfii `~}uhn} nxkofln uhnb}fnt whfdh kfo ub `~}uhn}

nxsikfl nln}gv dblt~osufbl) whfdh inke ub dhbfdn b` nln}gv u}ken, K }npfnw wfii kitb mn

dble~dune bl Dk}ibt Sktdk~i kle Ablkuhkl Nijflet nefune mbbj Nln}gv Tnd~}fuv) whfdh enipnt

flub uhn nxsiklkufbl b` nln}gv ensnlenldv kle flensnlenldv) kt wnii kt uhn en`flfufbl b` nln}gv


10/45


;3

tnd~}fuv, Sktdk~i kle Nijflet }ntnk}dh kttftu fl d}nkuflg k }n`n}nldn e~}flg uhn klkivtft b` uhn

pk}fkmint whfdh k``ndu nln}gv u}ken, ^len}tukleflg uhntn s}npfb~t tu~efnt wfii g}nkuiv kttftu fl

~len}tukleflg uhn }nt~iut b` uhft tu~ev) t~dh kt whnuhn} db~lu}fnt dhbfdnt u}~iv k}n tu}fduiv

dbl`flne ub tnd~}fufqflg uhn db~lu}vt wnkiuh kle kddntt ub lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt) b} f` db~lu}fnt skv

ob}n kuunlufbl ub ndblbofd dbltu}kflut kle bsufo~o endftfblt, Kt s}npfb~tiv onlufblne fl uhft

sksn}) Mnnmn kle Jkieb} dikfo uhku fl uhn =;tu

dnlu~}v) db~lu}fnt bsn}kun ~len} uhn gbki b`

tnd~}fufqkufbl, @~}uhn} flpntufgkuflg uhn onklflg b` nln}gv (flensnlenldn kle nln}gv tnd~}fuv

wfii enpnibs k ennsn} ~len}tukleflg f` Mnnmn kle Jkieb}t dikfot k}n fl `kdu pfkmin, @flkiiv) F

wfii }npfnw Ofdhkni Inpft sksn} bl Nln}gv Tnd~}fuv1 Kl Kgnlek `b} ]ntnk}dh wfuh k ob}n

flunltfpn `bd~t bl uhn }bin b` bfi fl uhn flun}lkufblki nln}gv u}ken ok}jnu,

F b~uifln kle s}ntnlu uhn `fleflgt b` k d}btt/lkufblki tukuftufdki klkivtft sn}`b}one bl k

tnu b` unl }kleboiv dhbtnl db~lu}fnt bpn} uhn tskl b` uwnluv vnk}t (;663/=3;3 whfdh kfot ub

dbld}nuniv onkt~}n uhn k``ndu b` `fpn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint bl uhn tflgin ensnlenlu pk}fkmin b`

nln}gv }ntb~}dn fosb}ut kt k ubuki lnu sn}dnlukgn b` GES (g}btt ebontufd s}be~du, Uhft klkivtft

wkt dble~dune ~tflg k iflnk} }ng}nttfbl klkivtft obeni) kle fl uhft sksn} F s}ntnlu uh}nn tnsk}kun

obenit) nkdh klkivqflg k ef``n}nlu `kdnu b` uhn tukuftufdki klkivtft, Uhn `fpn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint

dhbtnl ub en`fln k db~lu}vt dhbfdn b` `b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ukufbl k}n1 GLS (g}btt lkufblki

s}be~du) GLS sn} dksfuk) u}ken kt k ubuki sn}dnlukgn b` GES) lku~}ki }ntb~}dn }nlut kt k

sn}dnlukgn b` GES) kle `flkiiv uhn Sbifuv FP }nt~iut fl b}en} ub onkt~}n uhn inpni b` enobd}kdv

wfuhfl uhn db~lu}fnt t~}pnvne,


11/45


;;

Fosb}ukldn b` Ubsfd

Eklfni Vn}gfl okv hkpn sn}`nduiv tukune uhn fosb}ukldn b` nln}gv tnd~}fuv kle u}ken fl

hft obtu }ndnlu s~mifdkufbl dkiine) Uhn [~ntu1 Nln}gv) Tnd~}fuv) kle uhn ]nokjflg b` uhn

Oben}l Wb}ie,

Uhn }kdn hkt dn}ukfliv mng~l, Uhn b~udbon wfii eb o~dh ub en`fln b~} nln}gv

wb}ie fl uhn endkent khnke fl un}ot b` whn}n wn gnu b~} nln}gv) hbw wn ~tn fu)

kle whb uhn wflln}t wfii mn, M~u fu ft o~dh ubb tbbl `b} klvbln ub ukjn k pfdub}v

iks, (Vn}gfl 7;3

Kuunlufbl fl }ntnk}dhflg kle ~len}tukleflg ok}jnu `~ldufblt kle db~lu}v endftfblt fl uhn }nkio

b` nln}gv fosb}ukufbl) u}ken) s}be~dufbl) kle bpn}kii u}ken wfii hkpn k tfglf`fdklu tukjn fl uhn

gibmki `~u~}n, Hbwnpn}) kl fosb}uklu sbflu whfdh ft oken mv Vn}gfl ft uhku uhn `~u~}n b` uhn

flun}lkufblki nln}gv u}ken ft uhku fu wfii mn k ok}kuhbl) lbu k ts}flu, Dhbfdnt whfdh wfii mn oken

foonefkuniv kle n``ndufpniv wfii mn uhn blnt whfdh wfii k``ndu `~u~}n u}ken bsufblt) kle

sbunlufkiiv sbifufdki }nikufblthfst,

Uhn fosb}ukldn b` tu~evflg uhn flun}lkufblki nln}gv u}ken dkl mn sikdne flub uh}nn k}nkt

b` `bd~t, @f}tu) k lkufblt ndblbofd pn}tkufifuv) t~ddntt) kle ~iufokun bssb}u~lfuv `b} g}bwuh ft

hnkpfiv ufne ub uhn lkufblt kmfifuv ub fosb}u kle nxsb}u, Ibbjflg ub uhn `~u~}n) uhn k}nk b` nln}gv

u}ken wfii mndbon fld}nktflgiv ob}n fosb}uklu, Flu}fltfdkiiv ufne ub uhn fl`}ktu}~du~}n b` k

db~lu}v) uhn s}bdntt b` dble~duflg m~tflntt u}kltkdufblt) kle uhn gnln}ki tobbuh `~ldufbl b` k

lkufbl) nln}gv }ntb~}dnt k}n lbu a~tu k dboobefuv) m~u k lndnttfuv, Uhn tu~ev dble~dune wfuhfl

uhft sksn} kee}nttnt uhn jnv dbldn}lt b` ~len}tukleflg fldnlufpnt b` fosb}uflg `b}nfgl nln}gv

}ntb~}dnt }kuhn} s}be~dflg ebontufdkiiv, Kt fl kii k}nkt b` ndblbofdt kle ok}jnut) fldnlufpnt fl

dblt~on}t kle s}be~dn}t okuun}, ^len}tukleflg uhntn fldnlufpnt dkl nfuhn} okjn b} m}nkj k

ok}jnu, Whku uhft klkivtft tnnjt ub s}bpfen ft k oklkgnkmin tukuftufdki klkivtft whfdh hnist ub


12/45


;=

tu}nlguhnl b} efts}bpn `fpn pk}fkmint whfdh fl bln wkv b} klbuhn} k``ndu k db~lu}vt endftfbl

okjflg,

Kt fl kii m~tflntt u}kltkdufblt) ~len}tukleflg fldnlufpnt) b} fl uhn dktn b` uhft tukuftufdki

klkivtft) ~len}tukleflg uhn pk}fkmint fldi~ene) k}n pfuki fl enpnibsflg k ok}jnu whfdh ft

o~u~kiiv mnln`fdfki `b} kii sk}ufnt, Hnldn) fl enpnibsflg uhft tukuftufdki klkivtft) k s}fon

fosb}ukldn dkl mn ~len}tubbe fl uhn wkv pk}fkmint k``ndu nln}gv fosb}ukufbl, Whfdh pk}fkmint

k}n obtu }ninpklu ub nln}gv fosb}ukufbl kle whfdh pk}fkmint k}n thbwl ub mn f}}ninpklu dkl kttftu

sbifdv okjn}t fl okjflg u}ken endftfblt ub tnd~}n `~u~}n flpntuonlut, Flun}kdufblt mnuwnnl

o~iufsin pk}fkmint kle ok}jnu fl`i~nldnt k}n kitb hfghiv pki~kmin fl flpntufgkuflg ndblbofd kle

ok}jnu mnhkpfb}, Uhft klkivtft s}bpfent kl klkivtft kle entd}fsufbl b` uhn pk}fb~t n``ndut b` uhn

s}ntnldn kle kmtnldn b` `fpn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint whfdh fl uhft dktn k``ndu uhn fosb}ukufbl b`

`b}nfgl nln}gv, ^len}tukleflg uhntn mnhkpfb}t wfii kiibw `b} `~u~}n sbtu~ikufbl kle s}nefdufblt,

K tndble okab} ubsfd b` fosb}ukldn dbldn}lt uhn okuun} b` kiun}lkufpn kle t~tukflkmin

nln}gv }ntb~}dnt fl }ngk}et ub gibmki difokun dhklgn, Uhn ok}jnu `b} kiun}lkufpn nln}gv tb~}dnt

ft bln whfdh hkt mnnl ~len}enpnibsne) m~u hkt e}kwl k g}nkun} kob~lu b` kuunlufbl kle dbldn}l,

Sk}ufd~ik}iv) uhn enpnibsonlu b` }nlnwkmin kle t~tukflkmin nln}gv }ntb~}dnt ft k hbu ubsfd `b}

oklv dbosklfnt) sbifdv okjn}t) kle npnl `b} uhn b}eflk}v dfufqnl, Kee}nttflg kle flpntufgkuflg

uhn pk}fkmint whfdh k``ndu uhn fosb}ukufbl b` `b}nfgl nln}gv) b} tufo~ikun uhn dhbfdn b` `b}gbflg

s}be~dflg nln}gv ebontufdkiiv) dkl kitb thne ifghu fl ~len}tukleflg whku enun}oflnt ok}jnu

endftfblt `b} uhn kmtunlufbl `}bo ebontufdkiiv s}be~dne kiun}lkufpn nln}gv tb~}dnt,

Gibmki difokun dhklgn kt k `kdub} whfdh m}flgt fosb}ukldn ub uhft tu~ev }~lt fl uhn tkon

pnfl kt }ntnk}dh fl uhn k}nk b` kiun}lkufpn kle t~tukflkmin nln}gv, Whnl tsnkjflg fl un}ot b`

fldnlufpnt bl k gibmki tdkin `b} kee}nttflg uhn ubsfd b` gibmki difokun dhklgn) k tu~ev whfdh


13/45


;4

kee}nttnt ef}ndu pk}fkmint k``nduflg lkufblki nln}gv dblt~osufbl) s}be~dufbl) kle u}ken dkl

fii~oflkun lkufblki kss}bkdhnt ub uhft ubsfd, ^len}tukleflg k db~lu}vt sn}tsndufpn whnl

kss}bkdhflg uhn ubsfd b` u}ken kttftut fl s}nefduflg db~lu}vt bsufoki dhbfdnt, Uhft tu~ev db~ie

nktfiv mn kssifne fl uhn k}nk b` fldnlufpfqflg) `b} whnl uhn }bbu b` uhn nle }nt~iu ft ~len}tubbe)

kttftuflg db~lu}fnt fl okjflg dhbfdnt mbuh nlpf}blonlukiiv dbltdfb~t kle ndblbofdkiiv

bsufo~o endftfblt,

Uhft tu~ev ft fosb}uklu `b} k uhf}e }nktbl) fl }ngk}et ub lkufblki tnd~}fuv, Kt wfii mn

`~}uhn} eftd~ttne uh}b~gh k }npfnw b` nxftuflg ifun}ku~}n) lkufblki tnd~}fuv ft k ubsfd b` dbltuklu

dblpn}tkufbl) kle wfii bliv dblufl~n ub mndbon ob}n fosb}uklu fl `~u~}n endkent, Kt

kddnttfmfifuv kle }nifkmfifuv b` nln}gv tb~}dnt ft ubs s}fb}fuv whnl fu dbont ub tnd~}fuv okuun}t)

~len}tukleflg pk}fkmint whfdh ef}ndu db~lu}v fosb}ukufbl b} kpn}tfbl ub u}ken wfii kttftu fl

~len}tukleflg d~}}nlu db~lu}v endftfbl okjflg kt wnii kt sbunlufki `~u~}n kdufblt, O~dh fl uhn

tkon wkv whfdh uhn k}nkt b` kiun}lkufpn kle t~tukflkmin nln}gv }ntb~}dnt hflgn bl uhn

~len}tukleflg b` fldnlufpnt) nln}gv tnd~}fuv }nifnt hnkpfiv bl uhn tvluhntft b` db~lu}v

dbbsn}kufbl kle obufpkufbl, Fl }ngk}et ub lkufblki nln}gv) k ennsn} kle m}bken} ~len}tukleflg b`

u}ken kle uhn ubuki ndblbofd tvtuno ft hfghiv kepklukgnb~t fl fltukiiflg s~mifd,


14/45


;5

Nxftuflg Ifun}ku~}n

M}fkl G}nnl nxkoflnt nxunltfpniv uhn o~iuf pk}fkmin `kdub}t uhku sbunlufkiiv k``ndu nln}gv

dblt~osufbl, Fl hft sksn} Nxsikflflg D}btt/Lkufblki Pk}fkufbl fl Nln}gv Dblt~osufbl) G}nnl

dbltfen}t `b~} ef``n}nlu uhnb}fnt b` nln}gv dblt~osufbl d}btt/lkufblkiiv) kttnttflg wnhuhn}

oben}lfqkufbl) ensnlenldv) ndbibgfdki `kdub}t) b} sbifufdki ktsndut hkpn uhn g}nkuntu fl`i~nldn bl

nln}gv dblt~osufbl, G}nnl }ndbglfqnt uhn wfen pk}fkufbl b` nln}gv dblt~osufbl kle

tukuftufdkiiv klkivqnt nln}gv dblt~osufbl ~len} uhn `biibwflg {~ntufbl kle ktt~osufblt1

Wnkiuhfn}) ob}n undhlbibgfdkiiv kepkldne db~lu}fnt dblt~on ik}gn thk}nt b`

nln}gv sn} dksfuk, Flenne) u}kefufblki enpnibsonlu uhnb}ftut hkpn pfnwne nln}gv

dblt~osufbl kt kl flefdkub}b` oben}lfqkufbl Tnpn}ki tu~efnt hkpn fii~tu}kune

uhn wfen pk}fkufblt mnuwnnl db~lu}fnt fl uhn kob~lut b` nln}gv dblt~one sn}dksfuknpnl koblg db~lu}fnt b` tfofik} inpnit b` ndblbofd enpnibsonlu,

(G}nnl ;3

G}nnlt bmtn}pkufbl b` nln}gv dblt~osufbl inpnit pk}vflg npnl koblg db~lu}fnt whfdh

okflukfl tfofik} ndblbofd enpnibsonlu t~ggntut k pn}v flun}ntuflg bmtn}pkufbl fl un}ot b` mbuh

dblt~osufbl kle nln}gv u}ken,

G}nnl `f}tu nxsikflt nln}gv dblt~osufbl uhn oben}lfqkufbl sn}tsndufpn whfdh dikfot uhku

enpnibsonlu ft uhn jnv `kdub} fl nln}gv dblt~osufbl dnlu}ki ub kl fos}bpne tuklek}e b`

ifpflg) fos}bpne hnkiuh kle ne~dkufbl) kle sbifufdki `}nnebot, (G}nnl ;3 Uhft oben}lfqkufbl

sn}tsndufpn wkt fldb}sb}kune flub uhn klkivtft ~len}ukjnl fl uhft sksn}) uh}b~gh fldi~eflg uhn

`kdub}t b` GES kle GES sn} dksfuk kt k onklt b` onkt~}flg k db~lu}vt wnkiuh, Whfin G}nnl

kdd~}kuniv bmtn}pnt uh}b~gh uhn tu~efnt b` Tdhfssn} kle Onvn}) uhku oben}lfqkufbl ebnt k``ndu

uhn flunltfuv b` nln}gv dblt~osufbl, Uhn klkivtft ~len}ukjnl fl uhft }ntnk}dh) `flet uhku

oben}lfqkufbl hkt intt b` kl n``ndu bl uhn flun}lkufblki nln}gv u}ken,

G}nnl s}bdnnet ub eftd~tt uhn }ninpkldn b` uhn ensnlenldv uhnb}v) whfdh k}g~nt uhku

enpnibsonlu) wnkiuh) kle dblt~osufbl k}n dblefufblne mv k db~lu}vt ibdkufbl wfuhfl uhn


15/45


;>

flun}lkufblki ndblbofd hfn}k}dhv, (G}nnl ;; Uhft ft kl k}nk uhku db~ie mn kmtbi~univ `~}uhn}

nxsib}ne fl ikun} klkivufdki }ntnk}dh s}bandut, Kt G}nnl sbflut b~u)

enpnibsonlu b` uhn ndblbofdkiiv eboflklu db~lu}fnt bdd~}t ku uhn nxsnltn b`

intt enpnibsne db~lu}fnt, Fl sk}ufd~ik}) uhn sbifufdki kle ndblbofd dbiblfqkufbl

b` sn}fshn}ki tukunt hkt }nt~iune fl k tvtuno fl whfdh lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt k}nnxu}kdune `}bo sbb}n} db~lu}fnt ku k}uf`fdfkiiv ibw s}fdnt ub mn dblt~one fl uhn

eboflklu db~lu}fnt, Uhn ensnlenlu tuku~t b` uhn wnkjn} db~lu}fnt kle uhn ibtt b`

uhnf} }ntb~}dnt s}npnlu tfglf`fdklu fld}nktnt fl ebontufd wnkiuh, Fl n``ndu)

wnkiuhv db}n db~lu}fnt dblt~on hfgh kob~lut b` nln}gv kle }ntb~}dnt e~n ub

uhnf} dblu}bi b` `b}nfgl }ntb~}dnt) whfdh kitb s}npnlut sn}fshn}ki db~lu}fnt `}bo

enpnibsflg kle dblt~oflg uhnf} bwl lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt, (G}nnl ;;

K uhf}e k}nk eftd~ttne mv G}nnl ft uhku b` uhn ndbibgv uhnb}v, Uhn mktfd dbldnsu b`

h~oklt mnflg fldkskmin b` nxunleflg mnvble uhn mktfd ifofu b` uhn lku~}ki wb}ie ft k dboobl

ikw uhku mflet kii db~lu}fnt kle gbpn}lonlut, Uhn }nkeflntt kle kpkfikmfifuv b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt

wfuhfl k db~lu}v wfii ~iufokuniv enun}ofln uhku db~lu}vt {~klufuv b` kpkfikmin ebontufd

dblt~osufbl, Kt G}nnl mikljiv s~ut fu) K db~lu}v wfuh ik}gn {~klufufnt b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt okv

dblt~on ob}n b` uhno mndk~tn b` uhnf} }nkev kpkfikmfifuv, (G}nnl ;= O~dh ifjn uhn ^lfune

Tukunt) whb kitb flun}ntuflgiv nlb~gh mndk~tn b` ubsbg}kshv kle gnbg}kshfdki tu}~du~}n

dblt~ont ob}n e~n ub g}nkun} u}kltsb}ukufbl eftukldnt, (G}nnl ;=

Uhn `fleflgt b` uhft sksn} t~ssb}u uhft uhnb}v, Eft}ngk}eflg kii buhn} pk}fkmint fl uhn

iflnk} efg}nttfbl) dbosk}flg }kleboiv dhbtnl db~lu}fnt) s}ntnldn b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt wfuhfl k

db~lu}vt mb~lek}fnt wkt uhn s}fok}v fl`i~nlufki `kdub} b` k db~lu}vt dhbfdn ub fosb}u `b}nfgl

nln}gv) `b}gbflg s}be~dufbl b` }nlnwkmin nln}gv }ntb~}dnt, Uhn s}ntnldn b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt

kmbpn kii nitn) hnldn sk}uln}flg dbo`b}ukmiv wfuh uhn ndbibgv uhnb}v) `~}uhn} tu}nlguhnlt uhn

dbldnsu b` k db~lu}v mnflg fldkskmin b` g}bwflg b~utfen b` fut lku~}ki nlebwonlu, Uhn intt

lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt ibdkune wfuhfl k db~lu}v) uhn ob}n ifjniv uhn db~lu}v wfii dhbbtn ub fosb}u kle

u}ken `b}nfgl nln}gv, Uhft ft uhn jnv ninonlu kle k}g~onlu b` uhn ndbibgv uhnb}v) kl k}nk uhku

G}nnl `~iiv kdjlbwinegnt,


16/45


;0

Uhn `flki k}nk uhku G}nnl nxsikflt ft uhn uhnb}v b` sbifufdt) undhlbibgv) kle }ngfblki

ef``n}nldnt kt k `kdub} b` nln}gv dblt~osufbl, Uhft uhnb}v }nikunt `~iiv ub uhn s}npfb~t eftd~ttfbl

bl ensnlenldv) hbwnpn} ob}n dibtniv }nikunt ub uhn fldi~tfbl b` uhn onkt~}n b` enobd}kdv fl uhn

iflnk} }ng}nttfbl klkivtft ~len}ukjnl fl uhft sksn}, G}nnl tukunt uhku)

Enobd}kufd tukunt wfuh `}nn ok}jnu ndblbofnt unle ub mn ob}n nln}gv n``fdfnlu

bpn}kii) m~u tufii dblt~on k }nikufpniv hfgh kob~lu b` nln}gv e~n ub hfghn} inpnit

b` sn}tblki wnkiuh Uhft okv nxunle ub nln}gv dblt~osufbl whn}n enobd}kdv

nldb~}kgnt g}nkun} dblt~osufbl lnu b` enpnibsonlu kle sn}tblki wnkiuh,

(G}nnl ;=

Dbltfen}flg G}nnlt bmtn}pkufbl b` uhn }bin b` fld}nktne enobd}kdv fl k db~lu}v) fu wb~ie mn

db}}ndu ub ktt~on uhku enobd}kdv inpnit fl k db~lu}v wb~ie hkpn k ef}ndu n``ndu fl nln}gv

fosb}ukufbl: hbwnpn} uhku wkt s}bpne flkdd~}kun fl uhn eftd~ttne klkivtft kt F wfii eftd~tt,

Kiuhb~gh nln}gv dblt~osufbl okv mn ob}n n``fdfnlu) hfghiv enobd}kufd db~lu}fnt tufii `~ldufbl

~len} uhn tkon ikw b` nlebwonlu s}npfb~tiv eftd~ttne,

G}nnl eftd~ttnt fl inlguh uhn sbttfmfifuv b` }ngfblki ef``n}nldnt hkpflg kl n``ndu bl whku

hn entd}fmnt kt k d~iu~}n b` dblt~osufbl, Uhft uhnb}v) whfdh ft dhk}kdun}fqne mv gnln}kiiv

hfgh inpnit b` nln}gv dblt~osufbl lnu b` enpnibsonlu inpni (G}nnl ;4 t~ggntut uhku uhn ob}n

enpnibsne k db~lu}v ft) uhn ob}n wnkiuhv kle kmin ft uhn gnln}ki sbs~ikufbl fl kd{~f}flg sn}tblki

sbttnttfblt b` endnlu dksfuki) uhn g}nkun} uhn nln}gv dblt~osufbl wfii mn, Fl uhft sksn}) uhft

`kdub} fenluf`fne mv G}nnl ft dblu}biine `b} mv uhn fldi~tfbl b` GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk, Fl k

d~iu~}n whfdh `~ldufblt ub eftsikv tuku~t) b} uh}b~gh tbdfki lb}ot ft }n{~f}ne ub sbttntt dn}ukfl

mktfd funot wfuhfl k tbdfnuv kitb k``ndut k db~lu}vt ubuki lnu nln}gv dblt~osufbl, Uhntn funot

fldi~en nindu}blfd ubbit t~dh kt uninpftfblt) tun}nbt) dbos~un}t) kle dk}t) whfdh fl oklv }ngfblki

k}nkt b` uhn wb}ie k}n lbu lnk}iv kt s}npkinlu b} lndnttk}v, Uvsfdki tbdfki lb}ot npnl fl ekfiv

uktjt t~dh kt ik~le}v kle hnkuflg }bbot wfuhfl k hbon kitb ef}nduiv k``ndu k db~lu}vt ubuki inpni


17/45


;7

b` nln}gv dblt~osufbl) whfdh fl u~}l hkt k ef}ndu n``ndu bl lkufblki nln}gv fosb}ukufbl kle

ebontufd s}be~dufbl,

Uhn fosb}uklu dbldnsut ub gkfl `}bo G}nnlt `bd~t fl hft sksn} k}n uhn oklv pk}fkmint

whfdh ef}nduiv k``ndu k db~lu}vt nln}gv dblt~osufbl, Buhn} pk}fkmint) fl keefufbl ub wnkiuh)

fldi~eflg gbpn}lkldn) d~iu~}ki lb}ot) }ngfblki ef``n}nldnt) kle undhlbibgfdki kepkldnonlu hkpn

k ef}ndu n``ndu bl k d~iu~}nt ubuki dblt~osufbl }kun, Jnnsflg G}nnlt }ntnk}dh fl ofle b` uhft

sksn}) uhn }nt~iut `}bo ov d}btt/lkufblki tukuftufdki klkivtft k}n tu}fduiv mktne bl uhn pk}fkmint

fldi~ene) kle eb lbu dbltfen} klv b` uhn pk}fkmint whfdh G}nnl `flet ub mn ef}nduiv }nikuflg ub

nln}gv dblt~osufbl, Uhft tu~ev kfot ub eftdbpn} k tfofik} pk}fkmin whfdh ef}nduiv flì~nldnt uhn

tnindune db~lu}fnt nln}gv u}ken endftfblt) dbltfen}flg uhn flì~nldflg `kdub}t whfdh k}n

Klbuhn} k}ufdin dbltfen}ne mbuh nlifghunlflg kle fii~oflkuflg fl uhn eftd~ttfbl b`

flun}lkufblki u}ken fl nln}gv ft w}fuunl mv Ofdhkni K, Inpf) Nln}gv Tnd~}fuv1 Kl Kgnlek `b}

]ntnk}dh, Inpf kss}bkdhnt nln}gv s}be~dufbl) kuukflonlu) kle dblt~osufbl `}bo uhn

sn}tsndufpn b` lkufblki tnd~}fuv, Inpf `bd~tnt sk}ufd~ik}iv bl uhn ubsfd b` bfi fosb}ukufbl kle

dblt~osufbl kt uhn inke nln}gv tb~}dn) ntsndfkiiv fl uhn dktn b` uhn ^lfune Tukunt, Inpft sksn}

ft }ninpklu ub uhft tu~ev kt hn tsndf`fdkiiv kttnttnt uhn ef}ndu n``ndut b` `b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ukufbl

kt k lngkufpn flì~nldflg `kdub} bl uhn ^T ndblbov) t~ggntuflg uhku whfin bfi fosb}ut

dblu}fm~un t~mtuklufkiiv ub uhn ^T u}ken en`fdfu (Inpf =) uhn db~lu}v dblufl~nt ub fosb}u,

Whfin uhn ^T hkt oken tfglf`fdklu gkflt fl s}bunduflg futni` `}bo p~iln}kmfifuv ub u}ken

flun}}~sufblt kt dbosk}ne ub `b~} endkent kgb) uhn}n dblufl~n ub mn uwb tsndf`fd nxdnsufblt

whfdh inke ub t~mtuklufki tnd~}fuv dbltn{~nldnt, Uhn `f}tu nxdnsufbl ft uhku b` uhn }nikufblthfs

mnuwnnl bfi thbdjt kle }ndnttfblt, ]ndnttfblt dkl inke ub {~kifukufpn dhklgnt fl ^T sbifdv

s}fb}fufnt kle tfglf`fdkluiv }ne~dn dkskdfuv `b} gbpn}lonlu tsnleflg) (Inpf 5, Uhft fosifnt k


18/45


;8

t~mtuklufki tnd~}fuv dbltn{~nldn `b} uhn ^T, ^len}tukleflg hbw bfi thbdjt inke ~s ub }ndnttfblt

wb~ie mn `~}uhn} ~tn`~i fl`b}okufbl fl whku Inpf dikfot wb~ie mn mnln`fdfki fl `~u~}n u}ken

sbifdfnt,

Uhn tndble nxdnsufbl whfdh Inpf fenluf`fnt ft }nikune ef}nduiv ub uhn ^T mkikldn b` u}ken)

kt ft uhn dktn uhku bfi fosb}ut dblu}fm~un t~mtuklufkiiv ub uhn ^T u}ken en`fdfu, (Inpf = Kt

wfulnttne fl =3;;) uhn ^T en`fdfu hkt mndbon tbonwhku b` kl ~loklkgnkmin s}bandu) sbtflg

ibboflg lkufblki tnd~}fuv p~iln}kmfifuv, Inpf sbtnt uhn db~lun} k}g~onlu uhku s}bdnnet `}bo

tkint b` bfi ub uhn ^T ~iufokuniv }ndvdin mkdj flub uhn ^T ndblbov) fl uhn `b}o b` nfuhn}

s~}dhktnt b` ^T gbbet kle tn}pfdnt) s~}dhktnt b` ^T enmu) b} s~}dhktnt b` ^T kttnut, Hbwnpn})

fu ft ef``fd~iu ub `~iiv {~kluf`v nxkduiv hbw o~dh b` uhn oblnv tsnlu kdu~kiiv tufo~ikunt uhn

ndblbov, Uhft k}g~onlu }n{~f}nt `~}uhn} flpntufgkufbl kle dbosfiflg b` ekuk) s}be~dflg k }nt~iu

whfdh okv lbu mn g}nnune wfuh bsnl k}ot,

Inpf dblufl~nt fl hft nttkv fl eftd~ttflg ef``n}nlu oftdbldnsufblt b` bfi }npnl~nt) lbu

a~tu `b} uhn tukunt whfdh dblt~on fosb}une bfi kt nln}gv) m~u kitb `b} uhn tukunt whfdh s}be~dn fu

kt wnii, Hn tukunt) Bfi }npnl~nt dkl nfuhn} tu}nlguhnl b} wnkjnl bfi s}be~dn}t, Uhnv kitb hkpn

uhn sbunlufki ub }nb}en} sbifufdki }nikufblthfst k}b~le uhn wb}ie, (Inpf 5& Whfin Inpft

bmtn}pkufblt kifgl {~fun dink}iv wfuh G}nnlt nttkv bl uhn ef``n}nlu pk}fkmint whfdh k``ndu

flun}lkufblki nln}gv u}ken) Inpf eftd~ttnt ku inlguh uhn fosb}ukldn kle }ntsbltn ub enokle b`

nln}gv) tsndf`fdkiiv uhku b` uhn ^lfune Tukunt, Inpf noshktfqnt uhku tnd~}fuv dbltn{~nldnt dkl mn

}ne~dne uh}b~gh oben}kuflg ^T enokle) tsndf`fdkiiv fl k}nkt b` bfi dblt~osufbl, @nk}t b` ^T

enokle `b} lku~}ki gkt k}n inttnlne kt k }nt~iu b` thkin gkt enpnibsonlut) kle tb Inpf fltunke

eftd~ttnt uhn dbtut kle mnln`fut b` }ne~dufbl b` dblt~osufbl,


19/45


;6

Dbtut kle mnln`fut k}n uhn jnv unlklut fl Inpft eftd~ttfbl b` nln}gv dblt~osufbl, Kl

nxkosin wb~ie mn uhku b` nln}gv n``fdfnldv) whn}n oftkifglne fldnlufpnt dblufl~b~tiv eftdb~lu

uhn mnln`fu b` `~u~}n nln}gv tkpflgt uhku dkl }nt~iu `}bo nln}gv/n``fdfnlu n{~fsonlu, Wfuh uhn

s}ntnldn b` }nikufpniv dhnks kle kddnttfmin lbl/}nlnwkmin nln}gv t~ssifnt) uhn}n ft ifuuin ub lb

fldnlufpn fl a~osflg flub uhn ~ljlbwl kle lnwiv }ntnk}dhne k}nk b` nln}gv/n``fdfnldv, F` nln}gv

n``fdfnlu onkt~}nt u}~iv eb hkpn lngkufpn ndblbofd dbtut) Inpf k}g~nt uhku uhft wb~ie fl u~}l

inke ub kl fld}nktn fl ndblbofd kdufpfuv) }nt~iuflg fl kl n}kt~}n b` uhn }ne~dufblt fl nln}gv ~tn,

(Inpf ;5

Inpf gbnt blub eftd~tt pk}fb~t }ngfblki kle ndblbofd ok}jnut `b} uhn s}bobufbl b` kl

flun}lkufblki nln}gv u}ken) hbwnpn} hft okfl sbflu hbiet uh}b~ghb~u hft sksn}1 ~len}tukleflg uhn

ndblbofd mnln`fut kle dbtut b` u}ken fl nln}gv) tsndf`fdkiiv uhku b` bfi kle lku~}ki gkt) ft lbu pn}v

wnii }ntnk}dhne) ub uhn sbflu b` kiobtu mnflg oft~len}tubbe, Uhn dbtut kle mnln`fut kttbdfkune

wfuh fosb}ukufbl b` nln}gv }ntb~}dnt lnne ub mn `~}uhn} }ntnk}dhne) dbltfen}flg uhn n``ndut whfdh

nln}gv/n``fdfnlu undhlbibgv okv hkpn bl ok}jnut, K dbosinun ~len}tukleflg kle jlbwinegn

lnnet ub mn s}ntnlu kle mn }n`indune fl s~mifd sbifdv }ngk}eflg nln}gv bmukflonlu) ob}n tb)

nln}gv tnd~}fuv kle ensinufbl b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt dkllbu mn efpb}dne kle lnne ub mn hkleine

t~ddflduiv, Fl }nikufbl ub uhft klkivtft) Inpft jnv sbflut tukun uhku enokle `b} nln}gv bpn}}fent

mbuh ndblbofd kle sbifufdki mnln`fu, Kt k }nt~iu) s}be~dufbl kle fosb}ukufbl ft tu}fduiv e}fpnl mv

foonefkun enokle) wfuh intt }ngk}e ub kiun}lkufpn bsufblt `b} nln}gv s}be~dufbl, (Inpf ;7


20/45


=3

]ntnk}dh Entfgl kle Ekuk

Ensnlenlu Pk}fkmin

Uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin nosibvne fl uhft }ntnk}dh sksn} ft uhn lnu kob~lu b` nln}gv

fosb}ut kt ksn}dnlukgn b` k db~lu}vt ubuki GES) gkuhn}ne `}bo uhn Wb}ie Mklj ekuk tnu, Uhn

dhbfdn ub fosb}u b} nxsb}u fl u}ken ft k dbldnsu uhku tdhbik}t onkt~}n mv kttnttflg nln}gv u}ken

kt k okuun} b` tnd~}fuv, Ef``n}nlu tb~}dnt b` nln}gv s}bpfen k ef``n}nlu inpni b` tnd~}fuv)

ensnleflg bl whnuhn} b} lbu uhn nln}gv ft s}be~dne ebontufdkiiv b} fosb}une) uhn lku~}ki inpni

b` nlebwonlu wfuhfl uhn }ngfbl `}bo whfdh nln}gv ft nfuhn} s}be~dne b} fosb}une `}bo)

dbltfen}kufbl b` sbifufdki difokun wfuhfl uhn }ngfbl `}bo whfdh nln}gv ft fosb}une `}bo) kt wnii

kt bpn}kii ndblbofd kle sbifufdki tukmfifuv b` uhn fosb}uflg db~lu}v, Dhbbtflg nln}gv fosb}ut kt

k lnu sn}dnlu b` ubuki ~tn kitb s}bpfene uhn mnln`fu b` vfnieflg uhn obtu dbosinun }nt~iut) k `kdub}

kmtbi~univ pfuki fl k tukuftufdki klkivtft ub kdhfnpn uhn obtu dbldftn kle d}nefmin }nt~iut,

Klkivqflg `b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ukufbl }kuhn} uhkl ebontufd nln}gv s}be~dufbl kttftut fl

uhn dblpn}tkufbl b` whku k``ndut nln}gv s}be~dufbl) ub whfdh uhn dhbfdn b` fosb}uflg }kuhn} uhkl

ebontufd s}be~dufbl ft k jnv {~ntufbl, Uhft tu~ev kfot ub nxskle bl ef``n}nlu k}nkt b` k

db~lu}vt ndblbofd kle sbifufdki tu}~du~}nt ub fenluf`v whfdh ktsndut ef}nduiv k``ndu nln}gv

fosb}ukufbl, Whfin onkt~}flg ebontufdkiiv s}be~dne nln}gv wb~ie kitb s}bpfen kl

~len}tukleflg `b} k db~lu}vt dhbfdn fl nln}gv u}ken) uhn g}nkun} flun}ntu }ntfent fl uhn dhbfdn b`

fosb}ukufbl bpn} s}be~dufbl, S~}t~flg uhn kltwn} ub uhn {~ntufbl b` u}ken bpn} ebontufd

s}be~dufbl dkl nxsikfl u}ken/b``t fl ndblbofd kle sbifufdki kmfifuv fl dhbbtflg ub bmukfl nln}gv

}ntb~}dnt `}bo `b}nfgl db~lun}sk}ut) kle ub whku nxunlu uhntn u}ken/b``t nxftu, Fenluf`vflg uhn

pk}fkmint whfdh enun}ofln whv db~lu}fnt dhbbtn ub fosb}u }kuhn} uhkl s}be~dn ft fosb}uklu fl

~len}tukleflg ok}jnu `~ldufbl kle tukun endftfbl okjflg, Whfin bln okv sbtu~ikun uhku nln}gv


21/45


=;

u}ken ft k``ndune mv sbifufdki s}b`fiflg) b} uhn db~lu}vt ndblbofd tuku~t) uhft sksn} kfot ub

s}bpfen tukuftufdki ekuk ub kltwn} uhft {~ntufbl, K `~u~}n klkivtft uhku dkl mn dble~dune `}bo k

}npn}tn sn}tsndufpn) klkivqflg ebontufd s}be~dufbl b` nln}gv kt kl n``ndu b` uhn `fpn dhbtnl

flensnlenlu pk}fkmint iftune mnibw) hbwnpn} uhft wfii klkivqn k db~lu}vt ebontufd endftfblt)

}kuhn} uhkl ~len}tukleflg uhn df}d~otukldnt ~len} whfdh db~lu}vt endfen ub fosb}u,

Flensnlenlu Pk}fkmint

Kt uhn s~}sbtn b` uhft }ntnk}dh ft ub ~len}tukle whku ef}nduiv k``ndut k db~lu}vt dhbfdn ub

fosb}u `b}nfgl nln}gv) uhn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint `~ldufbl kt wkvt b` `bd~tflg nln}gv fosb}ut kt

k }nt~iu fl `fpn k}nkt b` klkivtft1 k db~lu}vt GLS (g}btt lkufblki s}be~du) k db~lu}vt GLS sn}

dksfuk) uhn db~lu}vt u}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES (g}btt ebontufd s}be~du) lku~}ki nln}gv

}ntb~}dn }nlut kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES) kle k db~lu}vt sbifuv FP onkt~}nonlu,

Dhbbtflg ub onkt~}n k db~lu}vt GLS wfii ef}ndu nln}gv fosb}ut kt mnflg kl n``ndu b` uhn

tfqn b` k db~lu}vt ndblbov) ukjflg flub kddb~lu fut ubuki ndblbofd s~}dhktflg sbwn} fl

flun}lkufblki u}ken, Fl dbosk}ftbl ub k db~lu}vt GES) GLS onkt~}nt uhn b~us~u mv k db~lu}vt

nlun}s}ftnt) }kuhn} uhkl onkt~}flg k db~lu}vt ubuki s}be~du s}be~dne wfuhfl uhn db~lu}vt

mb}en}t, Kt kl nxkosin) k db~lu}v t~dh kt uhn ^lfune Tukunt hkt k g}nku GLS mktne bl uhn

sn}`b}okldn b` Kon}fdkl/bwlne `f}ot) kle uhn pki~n b` uhn b~us~u uhku ft s}be~dne mv uhno)

whfdh, Uhft s}bpnt ub mn `k} ob}n }nikune ub nln}gv u}ken kle sbunlufki fosb}ut }kuhn} uhkl GES

kt k db~lu}vt ubuki kmfifuv ub s~}dhktn kle fosb}u ft ef}nduiv ifljne ub k db~lu}vt ubuki ndblbofd

sbwn} gnln}kune mv k db~lu}vt nlun}s}ftnt }kuhn} uhkl uhn ubuki s}be~du s}be~dne wfuhfl k

db~lu}vt ndblbov, Nttnlufkiiv) GLS ft fosb}uklu ub onkt~}n uhn tfqn b` k db~lu}vt ndblbov, F`

k db~lu}v hkt k tokii ndblbov) fu sbunlufkiiv ebnt lbu hkpn uhn kmfifuv ub flun}lkufblki u}ken ub

s~}dhktn }n{~f}ne nln}gv t~ssiv kle okv hkpn k hfghn} unlenldv b` s}be~dflg fut bwl nln}gv,


22/45


==

Kt nxsikflne mv G}nnl) onkt~}flg k db~lu}vt GLS sn} dksfuk) dibtniv }nikune ub GLS) ft

kitb kl fosb}uklu pk}fkmin ub ukjn flub dbltfen}kufbl whnl klkivqflg k db~lu}vt wfiiflglntt ub

fosb}u `b}nfgl nln}gv tb~}dnt, K db~lu}vt GLS sn} dksfuk ef}nduiv onkt~}nt uhn nxunlu ub whfdh

flefpfe~ki db~lu}fnt k}n wnkiuhv, GLS sn} dksfuk ft kmin ub enun}ofln k db~lu}vt s~}dhktflg

sbwn}) hnldn whnuhn} fosb}ukufbl b` `b}nfgl nln}gv }ntb~}dnt wb~ie mn ob}n ndblbofdkiiv

n``fdfnlu) ensnleflg f` nln}gv ft dhnksn} km}bke }kuhn} uhkl s}be~dflg `}bo ebontufdkiiv, GLS

sn} dksfuk dkl kitb enun}ofln k db~lu}vt kmfifuv ub s}be~dn fut bwl nln}gv) t~dh kt k db~lu}vt

kmfifuv ub s}be~dn fut bwl l~dink} sbwn}, Fl nttnldn) uhn hfghn} k db~lu}vt GLS sn} dksfuk) b}

ubuki wnkiuh) uhn ob}n bsufblt uhn db~lu}v hkt fl un}ot b` ndblbofd dhbfdnt) t~dh kt u}ken, Uhn

ob}n u}ken k db~lu}v nlgkgnt fl) uhn ob}n fosb}ukufbl) whfdh inket ub uhn kmfifuv ub hkpn hfghn}

nln}gv fosb}ukufbl bpn} ebontufd s}be~dufbl,

Dhbbtflg ub fldi~en k db~lu}vt u}ken kt k ubuki sn}dnlukgn b` fut GES (g}btt ebontufd

s}be~du) ft k ef}nduiv fosb}uklu iflj fl klkivqflg uhn }bin b` `b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ut kt uhn ubuki

sn}dnlukgn b` k db~lu}vt u}ken, Mv ki}nkev `bd~tflg bl db~lu}vt ubuki s~}dhktflg sbwn} uh}b~gh

dhbbtflg ub fldi~en k db~lu}vt GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk onkt~}nonlut) dhbbtflg uhn

flensnlenlu pk}fkmin b` u}ken lk}}bwt ebwl uhn `bd~t b` klkivqflg k db~lu}vt ndblbov }kuhn}

uhkl `}bo k `bd~t bl ubuki s}be~dufbl) ub k tu}fdu `bd~t bl uhn db~lu}vt ubuki u}ken kt mnflg kl

fl`i~nlufki `kdub} b` GES, Uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin b` nln}gv fosb}ut e}kwt npnl ob}n kuunlufbl

ub uhn sk}ufd~ik} k}nk b` u}ken uhku uhft sksn} ft ibbjflg ub `bd~t bl, Whfin GLS kle GLS sn}

dksfuk untuf`v kt ub hbw o~dh k db~lu}v dkl s}be~dn mktne bl uhn db~lu}vt ubuki wnkiuh kle tfqn)

fu ft fosb}uklu ub thbw hbw ik}gn k }bin u}ken sikvt fl k db~lu}vt ndblbofd dhbfdnt, F` k db~lu}v

ebnt lbu sk}ufdfskun hnkpfiv fl u}ken) uhnl `fleflg uhn s}ntnldn b` nln}gv fosb}ut kt k sn}dnlukgn

b` k db~lu}vt GES wfii hkpn k ibwn} s}bmkmfifuv,


23/45


=4

K `flki kle hfghiv fosb}uklu `kdub} ub dbltfen} whnl klkivqflg k db~lu}vt nlgkgnonlu

fl nln}gv u}ken) mnk}flg fl ofle wfiiflglntt kle kmfifuv ub s~}t~n flun}lkufblki u}kltkdufblt mktne

bl ubuki ndblbofd wnkiuh) tfqn) kle ubuki u}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES) ft ubuki lku~}ki }ntb~}dn

nlebwonlu, F` k db~lu}v hkt k hfgh inpni b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt kpkfikmin ub fu `b} nln}gv

s}be~dufbl) uhn {~ntufbl tuklet whnuhn} uhn db~lu}v wfii tufii dbltfen} fosb}uflg `}bo `b}nfgl

s}bpfen}t, Uhft sksn} tnnjt ub fenluf`v uhft endftfbl) whnuhn} b} lbu k db~lu}v endfent ub `b}gb

ebontufd s}be~dufbl whfdh ft kdhfnpkmin) kle fl `kdu dblufl~n ub fosb}u, Uhn endftfbl ub fosb}u

`b}nfgl nln}gv }ntb~}dnt) npnl f` fenluf`fne) ft ef``fd~iu ub nxsikfl fl }ngk}et ub k db~lu}vt

flefpfe~ki dhbfdn, Kt db~lu}fnt hkpn tsndf`fd sbifufdki kle flun}lkufblki }nikufblthfst wfuh bln

klbuhn}) fu ft ef``fd~iu ub dbltfen} k db~lu}vt tsndf`fd dhbfdnt ub fosb}u mktne bl `kdub}t b~utfen

b` ndblbofd fldnlufpnt,

Uhn obtu n``ndufpn wkv ub klkivqn k db~lu}vt ubuki lku~}ki }ntb~}dn nlebwonlu wb~ie

mn ub gkuhn} ekuk mktne bl k db~lu}vt ubuki s}fok}v nln}gv t~ssiv, Uhft ekuk ft obtu kdd~}kuniv

s~mifthne uh}b~gh uhn ^lfune Tukunt Nln}gv Fl`b}okufbl Keoflftu}kufbl whfdh }ng~ik}iv }nsb}ut

wb}ie dblt~osufbl `b} obtu uvsnt b` s}fok}v nln}gv }ntb~}dnt: hbwnpn} F endfene uhku `b} uhn

s~}sbtnt b` uhft tukuftufdki klkivtft) kl kiun}lkufpn ekuk tnu wb~ie mn ob}n kss}bs}fkun fl

onkt~}flg whku k``ndut k db~lu}vt dhbfdn b` nln}gv fosb}ukufbl, Dbiinduflg `}bo Uhn Wb}ie

Mklj Ekuk tnu) whfdh s}bpfent k onkt~}nonlu b` uhn ubuki lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt }nlut kt sn}dnlukgn

b` GES) F dhbtn ub ~ufifqn uhft ekuk }kuhn} uhkl k dbosinun onkt~}nonlu b` ubuki s}fok}v nln}gv

}ntb~}dnt, Dhbbtflg ub `bd~t bl uhn }nlu pki~n b` k db~lu}vt lku~}ki }ntb~}dn t~ssiv ft ob}n

kssifdkmin fl uhn klkivtft b` sn}dnlukgn b` nln}gv fosb}ut kt sk}u b` GES) kt }nlu ft onkt~}ne kt

k t~}si~t pki~n k`un} uhn dbtut b` uhn s}be~du k}n kddb~lune `b}) t~dh kt uhn s}fdn ku whfdh uhn

b~us~u dkl mn tbie `b}) kle uhn }ntsndufpn dbtu b` uhn nxu}kdufbl kle s}be~dufbl b` uhn lku~}ki


24/45


=5

nln}gv }ntb~}dn, @bd~tflg bl uhn }nlu pki~n b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt ukjnt flub dbltfen}kufbl uhn

db~lu}vt `flkldfki kmfifuv ub s}be~dn fut bwl lku~}ki nln}gv fl dbosk}ftbl ub fosb}uflg `}bo k

`b}nfgl tb~}dn, Uhn ekuk gfpnl mv Uhn Wb}ie Mklj dbltfen}t ofln}ki }nlut kle `b}ntu }nlut fl fut

ubuki lku~}ki }ntb~}dn }nlu sn}dnlukgn) kt wnii kt dbki) lku~}ki gkt) kle bfi) hnldn F oklfs~ikune

uhn ekuk mv ukjn uhn t~o b` bliv dbki) lku~}ki gkt) kle bfi }nlut kt uhnv k}n uhn ubs uh}nn lku~}ki

nln}gv sbwn} tb~}dnt `b} db~lu}fnt flun}lkufblkiiv, Uhft lnw ubuki lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt }nlut kt

sn}dnlukgn b` GES ukjnt flub dbltfen}kufbl bliv uhn lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt uhku k}n kpkfikmin `b}

s}be~dufbl b` nln}gv) kle ~lifjn uhn ^T NFK onkt~}nonlu whfdh kddb~lut `b} bfi) dbki) gkt)

}nlnwkmin `b}ot b` nln}gv) l~dink}) kle buhn} `b}ot b` nln}gv) ~ufifqflg uhn lnw ubuki `b} lku~}ki

}ntb~}dn }nlut ft mnln`fdfki fl `bd~tflg bliv bl lku~}ki `b}ot b` nln}gv uhku dkl mn `b~le wfuhfl

k db~lu}v }kuhn} uhkl kitb onkt~}flg `b}ot b` nln}gv uhku dkl mn s}be~dne wfuhfl k db~lu}v,

Uhn `flki flensnlenlu pk}fkmin uhku wkt dhbtnl `b} uhft tukuftufdki d}btt/lkufblki klkivtft

ft uhn `fleflgt b` uhn sbifuv FP tu~ev, Uhn Sbifuv FP tu~ev ft uhn ikuntu pn}tfbl b` uhn sbifuv ekuk

tn}fnt) whfdh s}bpfent dbene kll~ki fl`b}okufbl bl }ngfon k~uhb}fuv dhk}kdun}ftufdt kt wnii kt

u}kltfufblt `b} flensnlenlu tukunt, Uhn tu~ev fldi~ent db~lu}fnt f` uhnv hkpn k sbs~ikufbl b`

g}nkun} uhkl >33)333 fl ubuki) kle dbpn}t uhn vnk}t ;833/=3;3, Uhn tu~enlu nxkoflnt uhn tukunt

inpnit b` enobd}kdv mktne bl npki~kufblt b` uhn tukun fl {~ntufblt nindufblt `b} dbosnufufpnlntt)

bsnllntt) kle inpni b` sk}ufdfskufbl, Mktne bl k =; sbflu tdkin }klgflg `}bo /;3 kt k efdukub}thfs)

ub k *;3 kt k dbltbifekune enobd}kdv) uhn sbifuv tdhnon dbltftut b` tfx dbosblnlu onkt~}nt uhku

}ndb}e jnv {~kifufnt b` nxnd~ufpn }nd}~fuonlu) dbltu}kflut bl nxnd~ufpn k~uhb}fuv) kle sbifufdki

dbosnufufbl, Uhn ekuk bliv fldi~ent fl`b}okufbl bl uhn fltufu~ufblt b` uhn dnlu}ki gbpn}lonlu) kt

wnii kt uhn sbifufdki g}b~st kduflg) b} }nkduflg) wfuhfl uhn tdbsn b` uhku k~uhb}fuv, Uhn Sbifuv FP


25/45


=>

ekuk hkt mnnl wfeniv ~tne ub onkt~}n kle tu~ev uhn inpni b` enobd}kdv kle k~ubd}kdv) kle wfii

mn k `~lekonluki onkt~}n b` sbifufdki en`flfufbl `b} nkdh db~lu}v dhbtnl fl uhft tu~ev,

^ufifqflg uhn Sbifuv FP ekuk fl uhft tukuftufdki klkivtft s}bpnt ub mn mnln`fdfki kle

fosb}uklu fl tnpn}ki wkvt fl uhn s}bdntt b` d}nkuflg kle lk}}bwflg uhn }ntnk}dh entfgl, Kt

entd}fmne mn`b}n fl uhn nxsiklkufbl b` uhn dhbfdn b` ~tflg lku~}ki }ntb~}dn }nlut kt kl fosb}uklu

`kdub} fl kee}nttflg uhn tfglf`fdklu ef``n}nldnt b` db~lu}fnt ~lf{~n ndblbofd kle sbifufdki

tfu~kufblt) hfghifghuflg uhn Sbifuv FP ekuk fl uhft tukuftufdki klkivtft hnist ub kddb~lu `b} uhn tkon

}nktblt, K db~lu}vt dhbfdn ub flpbipn futni` fl u}ken ft uhn s}be~du b` o~iufsin `kdub}t) fldi~eflg

ndblbofd tukmfifuv kle fl`i~nldn) k db~lu}vt s}be~dufbl dkskdfuv) kt wnii kt uhn db~lu}vt

gbpn}lonlu tu}~du~}n, K gbpn}lonlut `b}nfgl sbifdv wfii ef}nduiv k`ndu hbw o~dh kle wfuh

whbo flun}lkufblki u}ken wfii enpnibs) kle hbw flun}lkufblki k``kf}t wfii mn hkleine, Mv

fldi~eflg uhn Sbifuv FP flenx wfuhfl uhft tukuftufdki klkivtft) uhft flensnlenlu pk}fkmin s}bpfent

klbuhn} ktsndu b` uhn klkivtft uhku dkiit flub {~ntufbl whku k``ndut uhn fosb}u b` `b}nfgl nln}gv

t~ssiv, Fu ft ktt~one uhku uhn Sbifuv FP pk}fkmin wfii mn pn}v nxdi~tfpn ub uhn db~lu}v fl {~ntufbl

kle klkivtft) hbwnpn} fldi~eflg fu fl uhft s}bandu dkl sbunlufkiiv s}ntnlu k lnw efonltfbl b`

nln}gv u}ken lbu vnu nxsib}ne,

S}bandu Entfgl

Kt uhft tukuftufdki klkivtft dbosk}ne k ensnlenlu pk}fkmin kgkfltu `fpn flensnlenlu

pk}fkmint) b}gklfqne ub `fle uhn eftufldu db}}nikufbl mnuwnnl uhn uwb) uhft ekuk wkt s}bdnttne kt k

iflnk} }ng}nttfbl obeni ~tflg uhn TSTT tukuftufdki klkivtft s}bg}ko, Kt entd}fmne flEnsnlenlu

Pk}fkmin sb}ufbl b` uhft dhksun}) lnu nln}gv fosb}ut kt sn}dnlukgn b` GES wkt fls~uune kt uhn

ensnlenlu pk}fkmin `b} uhn }ng}nttfbl) kle wkt klkivqne ~len} uwb tnsk}kun untut wfuh uwb


26/45


=0

ef``n}nlu dbomflkufblt b` uhn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint, Uhn untu wkt }~l ub s}bandu ubuki tfglf`fdkldn

kle db}}nikufbl mnuwnnl uhn `fpn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint kle uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin,

Uhn unl db~lu}fnt dhbtnl wn}n tnindune }kleboiv uh}b~gh kl blifln db~lu}v gnln}kub} tb

kt ub lbu tjnw uhn ekuk b} dhbbtn db~lu}fnt uhku wb~ie s}bpfen k mfktne }nt~iu fl tfglf`fdkldn,

Uhn db~lu}fnt dhbtnl wn}n Klgbik) Kqn}mkfakl) Dhflk) Ntublfk) Fleblntfk) uhn Tibpkj ]ns~mifd)

U~}jnv) uhn ^j}kfln) uhn ^lfune Tukunt) kle Vnonl, Uhn}n wkt k dbltfen}kufbl ukjnl flub

kddb~lu `b} uhku b` ibtu b} ofttflg ekuk) onklflg f` k db~lu}v s}bpne ub sb}u}kv ofttflg b}

fldbosinun ekuk fl k okab}fuv sk}u `b} klv bln b` uhn flensnlenlu b} ensnlenlu pk}fkmint) uhn

db~lu}v wkt }nsikdne wfuh k lnwiv gnln}kune db~lu}v ub }nsikdn fu, Uhft kdufbl wkt ukjnl fl b}en}

ub g~k}klunn k ob}n dbosinun }nt~iu `b} uhn klkivtft) kt k ik}gn sfndn b` ofttflg ekuk wb~ie

flnpfukmiv s}bpfen k dbldi~tfbl whfdh ft lbu pfkmin, Uhn klkivtft wfii dbltbifekun ekuk bpn} uhn

db~}tn b` uwnluv vnk}t) mnuwnnl uhn vnk}t b` ;663 kle =3;3, Uhft uwnluv vnk} sn}fbe }ns}ntnlut

kl n}k b` fld}nktne u}ken kle gibmkifqkufbl) kt wnii kt ob}n dbosinun kle kddnttfmin ekuk ub

sn}ofu uhn tu~ev mnflg kt dbosinun kle uhb}b~gh kt sbttfmin,


27/45


=7

@fleflgt

Ukmin ;Sbifuv FP kle Nln}gv Fosb}ut Klkivtft

Dbn``fdfnlut

Nln}gv Fosb}ut

(Ensnlenlu

Tibsn Tuklek}e N}}b} Tfglf`fdkldn

sbifuv5 ;4,886 ;,6;; ,333

Dbltuklu /;30,00 ;4,=0= ,333

Obeni Tfglf`fdkldn1 3,333 (sbifuv5

Bmtn}pkufblt1 ;88

]/t{~k}n ,==3

Uhn `f}tu }ng}nttfbl klkivtft uhku wkt dble~dune `bd~tne bl uhn Sbifuv FP }nt~iut kt uhn

bliv flensnlenlu pk}fkmin uhku wb~ie k``ndu ubuki lnu nln}gv fosb}ut, Uhft bln pk}fkmin }ng}nttfbl

wkt dhbtnl ub mn dble~dune bl uhn mktft b` sbifufdt kle gbpn}lonlu tu}~du~}n kt mnflg bln b` uhn

pk}fkmint uhku hkt uhn sbunlufki b` mnflg obtu pk}fne kle ensnlenlu bl uhn db~lu}v mktne bl

`kdub}t b~utfen b` uhft tu~ev, Dhbbtflg ub fldi~en sbifufdki en`flfufbl wfuhfl uhft tu~ev ft obtuiv

fl sk}u ub kltwn} uhn {~ntufbl b` hbw }ninpklu ft sbifufdki tu}~du~}n kle eng}nn b` bsnllntt kt kl

n``ndu bl flun}lkufblki nln}gv u}ken sk}ufdfskufbl, Mv s}bdnneflg wfuh k }ng}nttfbl klkivtft b`

Sbifuv FP s}fb} ub dble~duflg kl klkivtft b` kii `fpn pk}fkmint kgkfltu uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin b`

nln}gv fosb}u) uhn }nt~iut wfii mn ob}n u}kltsk}nlu kt ub hbw o~dh gbpn}lkldn kdu~kiiv k``ndut

`b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ut,

Tnnl fl uhn ukmin kmbpn) uhn `f}tu sb}ufbl b` uhn }nt~iut ub dbltfen} ft tnnl kt mv uhn tibsn

b` uhn Sbifuv FP }nt~iut) uhku mnflg ;4,886) onklflg uhku kl fld}nktn b` bln ~lfu b` enobd}kdv

onklt uhku nln}gv fosb}ut fld}nktn mv ;4,886., Whfin dbldnsu~kiiv uhft onklt uhku wfuh uhn

fld}nktn kle obpnonlu ubwk}et enobd}kdv) uhn}n ft kl fld}nktn b` `b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ukufbl mv

;4,886.) uhn tfglf`fdkldn `b} uhft ekuk ft {~ntufblkmin, K}g~kmiv) f` klv tibsn b` k iflnk} `~ldufbl


28/45


=8

ft qn}b) onklflg uhn}n ft lb }nikufblthfs mnuwnnl uhn flensnlenlu kle ensnlenlu pk}fkmint) npnl

uhn tifghuntu ;. fld}nktn wb~ie t~ggntu k db}}nikufbl,

Onkt~}flg kle kltwn}flg uhn {~ntufbl b` hbw o~dh ebnt sbifuv5 u}~iv okuun}) uhn

}ng}nttfbl untu ft lbu uhn tkon kt tukuftufdki tfglf`fdkldn, Fltunke) uhn Tfg) b} tfglf`fdkldn b` uhn

untu `b} uhku tibsn lnnet ub mn dbltfen}ne, Kt uhn Tfg ft }nsb}une kt mnflg ,333 flu~fufbl wb~ie

t~ggntu uhku uhn tibsn ft n{~ki ub qn}b) hbwnpn} uhft ft lbu tb, Uhn s}bmkmfifuv uhku uhn tibsn b` uhn

obeni ft n{~ki ub qn}b ft fld}nefmiv oflftd~in) b} intt uhkl ,333 endfoki sikdnt, Kt uhn

mnldhok}j `b} tfglf`fdkldn ft 6>.) klv tfglf`fdklu ekuk kmtbi~univ hkt ub mn mnibw ,3>) whfdh

uhn kmbpn ekuk t~ggntut uhku fu ft tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu,

Dbltfen}flg uhn KLBPK sb}ufbl b` uhn klkivtft) whfdh onkt~}nt kle untut uhn

tfglf`fdkldn `b} uhn obeni kt k whbin) wn kitb tnn uhku fu ft onkt~}ne ku k }kun b` ,333, Uhft

sb}ufbl b` uhn klkivtft onkt~}nt uhn s}bmkmfifuv b` kii dbn``fdfnlut mnflg n{~ki ub qn}b) kle kt uhn

}nt~iu ft intt uhkl ,3>) wn okv kddnsu uhft obeni kgkfl kt mnflg tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu, Hbwnpn})

uhn KLBPK sb}ufbl b` uhn obeni) o~dh ifjn uhn dbn``fdfnlut sb}ufbl b` uhn obeni) ebnt lbu

sb}u}kv uhn dbosinun tfglf`fdkldn b` Sbifuv FP fl }nikufbl ub nln}gv u}ken,

Uhn ] T{~k}ne onkt~}nt uhn kob~lu b` pk}fkufbl fl uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin uhku ft

nxsikflne mv uhn flensnlenlu pk}fkmin: fl uhft dktn mnflg hbw o~dh b` nln}gv fosb}ut ft

nxsikflne mv uhn s}ntnldn b` k hfghn} inpni b` enobd}kdv wfuhfl k db~lu}v, Fl uhft dktn) wn k}n

kmin ub bmtn}pn uhku Sbifuv FP nxsikflt ==. b` uhn pk}fkmfifuv b` lnu nln}gv fosb}ut, Kiuhb~gh uhn

s}npfb~t }ntnk}dh) t~dh kt s~}t~ne mv G}nnl) t~ggntune uhku Sbifuv FP fl `kdu ebnt hkpn k

tfglf`fdklu fosb}ukldn fl uhn endftfbl b` nln}gv fosb}ukufbl) uhft lnw obeni whfdh fldb}sb}kunt

lnw pk}fkmint b` dbluflgnldv fl flun}lkufblki u}ken s}bpfent npfenldn b` k lnw dbldi~tfbl, Uhn

pk}fkmin b` Sbifuv FP hkt k ==. }nikufpn tfglf`fdkldn ub uhn fld}nktn b` nln}gv fosb}ut uhkl


29/45


=6

t~ggntune mv mbuh uhn KLBPK Tfglf`fdkldn tdb}n) kt wnii kt uhn Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlut kle

Tfglf`fdkldn l~omn}t s}be~dne `}bo uhft tsndf`fd obeni,

@flkiiv) uhn dbltuklu pk}fkmin o~tu mn dbltfen}ne fl uhft klkivtft, Uhn dbltuklu pk}fkmin ft

k }ns}ntnlukufbl b` uhn inpni b` uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin whnl uhn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint (fl uhft

dktn) uhn tflgin pk}fkmin k}n n{~ki ub qn}b, Fl uhft dktn) uhn dbltuklu Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu ft /

;30,400) tfglf`vflg uhku whnl Sbifuv FP ft n{~ki ub qn}b) nln}gv fosb}ukufbl hkt k dbltuklu tibsn

b` /;30,400, Uhn tfglf`fdkldn b` uhn obeni ft kitb ku k }kun b` ,333 onklflg uhku uhn s}bmkmfifuv

b` uhn obeni b` mnflg n{~ki ub k tibsn b` qn}b ft pn}v ibw) b} dibtn ub lblnxftunlu) okjflg uhft

obeni tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu, Uhft dbltuklu lngkufpn tibsn b` /;30,400 ft {~fun ~l~t~ki,

Db~lu}fnt dkl hkpn lngkufpn tdb}nt) t~dh kt Tk~ef K}kmfk whfdh ft kl bfi nxsb}un}, Hbwnpn}) uhft

ebnt ~len}tdb}n uhn lnne `b} k }nklkivtft wfuh ob}n db~lu}fnt) kt F wfii eftd~tt ikun} fl ov

dbldi~tfbl, Kt uhft klkivtft dbltftut b` bliv ;3 db~lu}fnt) k tflgin fltukldn b` fld}nktne sbifufdki

dblu}bi dkl ~iufokuniv dhklgn uhn }nt~iut b` uhn s}bandu,

Ukjflg flub dbltfen}kufbl uhku uhft obeni kibln dblukflne bliv uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin

kle bln flensnlenlu pk}fkmin) fu ft }nktblkmin ub ktt~on uhku klv obeni uhku dblukflt bliv uhn

ensnlenlu pk}fkmin dhbtnl kle bln buhn} flensnlenlu pk}fkmin eftd~ttne s}npfb~tiv wfii s}ntnlu

k tfofik} dbldi~tfbl, Kiuhb~gh uhn}n wfii mn tukuftufdki tfglf`fdkldn) kt kii flensnlenlu pk}fkmint

dhbtnl `b} uhft klkivtft fl tbon wkv }nikun ub nln}gv fosb}ukufbl kle u}ken) uhnv wfii bliv unii

sk}u b` uhn tub}v b` whku uhn n``ndut b` uhntn `fpn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint u}~iv hkpn bl k db~lu}vt

endftfbl ub fosb}u `b}nfgl nln}gv }ntb~}dnt, K lnw obeni o~tu mn enpnibsne ub fldb}sb}kun kii

`fpn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint kle uhn tflgin ensnlenlu pk}fkmin ub ~len}tukle uhn `~ii tfglf`fdkldn

b` nkdh flensnlenlu pk}fkmin kt uhnv flun}kdu wfuh uhn buhn}t dhbtnl,


30/45


43

Ukmin =GLS sn} Dks) Sbifuv FP) U}ken kt k Sn}dnlukgn b` GES) & Lku~}ki Nln}gv

]ntb~}dn ]nlut kle Nln}gv Fosb}ut Klkivtft

Dbn``fdfnlut

Nln}gv Fosb}ut

(Ensnlenlu


sbifuv5 ,4=3 ;,364 ,807GLS sn} Dks ,333 ,33; ,74>

U}ken kt . b` GES /,;3; ,=== ,056

Lku~}ki Nln}gv]ntb~}dn ]nlut kt . b`GES

/8,=>0 ,>8= ,333

Dbltuklu >=,34= =3,63; ,3;5

Obeni Tfglf`fdkldn1 ,333

Bmtn}pkufblt1 ;70

]/T{~k}n1 ,08;

K`un} dbltfen}flg uhn dibtn }nikufblthfs mnuwnnl GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk) F endfene ub

tsifu uhn `biibwflg tukuftufdki klkivtnt flub uhn uwb `biibwflg }ng}nttfblt) nkdh tnsk}kun bln

klkivqflg GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk flensnlenluiv, Kt nxsikflne fl uhn s}fb} tndufbl b` uhft

sksn}) GLS onkt~}nt uhn tfqn b` k db~lu}vt ndblbov: dblpn}tniv) GLS sn} dksfuk onkt~}nt k

db~lu}vt ubuki wnkiuh, Mv ftbikuflg GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk) fu wfii kiibw `b} k mnuun}

~len}tukleflg b` hbw nkdh k``ndut nln}gv fosb}ukufbl `b} uhn db~lu}fnt klkivqne, F` uhn klkivtft

wb~ie hkpn mnnl sn}`b}one wfuh GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk mniblgflg ub uhn tkon }ng}nttfbl)

uhnv wb~ie nkdh kddb~lu `b} k okab} sb}ufbl b` ndblbofd kdufpfuv, Uhft wb~ie mi~} kl k}nk b` uhn

flpntufgkufbl uhku db~ie sbunlufkiiv s}bpfen kl fosb}uklu nxsiklkufbl fl uhn tub}v b` nln}gv u}ken,

Dbltfen}flg Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu fl Ukmin =) whn}n GLS sn} dksfuk ft uhn pk}fkmin klkivqne)

uhn}n k}n tnpn}ki flun}ntuflg `kdub}t ub bmtn}pn, Kt eftd~ttne mn`b}n) uhn Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu ft

flefdkufpn b` uhn tibsn b` uhn iflnk} }ng}nttfbl uhku ft s}be~dne fl uhft untu, Dble~duflg k o~iufsin

}ng}nttfbl klkivtft ft pn}v mnln`fdfki fl untuflg hvsbuhntnt hnke ub hnke, Whfin fl uhft tukuftufdki

klkivtft) Sbifuv FP ft sbtfufpn) fu ft lb iblgn} tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu, Uhft) wn k}n kmin ub pfnw fl

uhn }fghu hkle dbi~ol) whfdh nxsikflt uhn s}bmkmfifuv b` uhn tibsn mnflg n{~ki ub qn}b, Gfpnl uhku


31/45


4;

uhn tfglf`fdkldn inpni `b} Sbifuv FP ft ,807) uhft ft kl nxsiklkufbl uhku uhn}n ft kiobtu kl 87.

s}bmkmfifuv uhku uhn tibsn ft n{~ki ub qn}b, Fl buhn} wb}et) uhn pk}fkufbl b` k db~lu}vt inpni b`

enobd}kdv ebnt lbu k``ndu fut nln}gv fosb}ukufbl,

Fl }ngk}et ub uhn klkivtft ~len}ukjnl `b} Ukmin =) uhn buhn} uwb dbltuklut whfdh k}n lbu

`b~le ub mn tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu) k}n GLS sn} dksfuk) kle u}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES, GLS

sn} dksfuk hkt k tfglf`fdkldn inpni b` ,74>) onklflg uhku uhn}n ft kiobtu k 75. s}bmkmfifuv uhku uhn

tibsn ft n{~ki ub qn}b, U}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES hkt k tfglf`fdkldn inpni b` ,056) flefdkuflg

kl kiobtu 0>. s}bmkmfifuv uhku uhn tibsn ft n{~ki ub qn}b, Fl mbuh b` uhntn dktnt) uhn pk}fkufbl b` k

db~lu}vt ubuki wnkiuh) kle uhn sn}dnlukgn b` u}ken kt k sk}u b` GES) ebnt lbu k``ndu nln}gv

fosb}ukufbl b` uhn untune db~lu}fnt,

Sbifuv FP) kt fl uhn s}npfb~t klkivtft) hkt k sbtfufpn tibsn b` ,4=3) whfdh thbwt k g}nkun}

db}}nikufbl mnuwnnl nln}gv fosb}ut kle uhn sbifufdki okjn ~s b` k db~lu}v wfuh uhn s}ntnldn b`

GLS sn} dksfuk) u}ken kt k sn}dnlu b` GES kle lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut) fl dbosk}ftbl ub

uhn ;4,886 Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu bmtn}pne fl uhn `f}tu }ng}nttfbl, Wn kitb bmtn}pn uhku uhn}n ft k ,333

tibsn }nikuflg nln}gv fosb}ukufbl kle GLS sn} dksfuk) onklflg uhku uhn}n ft lb }nikufblthfs

mnuwnnl uhn uwb pk}fkmint, Lb fld}nktn fl uhn flensnlenlu pk}fkmin hkt kl n``ndu bl uhn

ensnlenlu pk}fkmin, U}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES hkt k /,;3; tibsn }nikuflg ub nln}gv fosb}ut)

t~ggntuflg uhku wfuh uhn fld}nktn b` fosb}ukufbl) u}ken end}nktnt fl db}}nikufbl mv /,;3;, Lku~}ki

nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES kitb `kiit mv /8,=>0 wfuh uhn fld}nktn b` nln}gv

fosb}ut kt uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin, Uhft onklt uhku wfuh uhn end}nktn b` nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut)

hkt k lngkufpn n``ndu bl uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin,

U}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES kle lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut kt sn}dnlukgn b` GES)

hbwnpn}) s}ntnlu kl flun}ntuflg dhklgn fl uhn ekuk tnu, Mbuh nxs}ntt k lngkufpn tibsn) kle hnldn k


32/45


4=

lngkufpn db}}nikufbl ub nln}gv fosb}ut, U}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES s}ntnlut k /,;3; Tibsn

Dbn``fdfnlu whfin lku~}ki }ntb~}dn }nlut kt sn}dnlukgn b` GES vfniet k /8,=>0 Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu,

Uhn db}}nikufbl mnuwnnl u}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES kle nln}gv fosb}ukufbl hkt k pn}v tifghu

lngkufpn db}}nikufbl) t~ggntuflg uhku wfuh k end}nktn b` nln}gv fosb}ut) ubuki u}ken kt k

sn}dnlukgn b` GES endiflnt, Uhft kitb t~ggntut uhku kt lku~}ki }ntb~}dn }nlut end}nktnt) nln}gv

fosb}ukufbl end}nktnt, Hbwnpn}) fu ft kitb fosb}uklu ub ukjn flub kddb~lu uhku u}ken kt k

sn}dnlukgn b` GES ft lbu tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu) whfin lku~}ki }ntb~}dn }nlut k}n s}bpnl ub mn

tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu,

Uhn lngkufpn db}}nikufbl mnuwnnl nln}gv u}ken kle lku~}ki }ntb~}dn }nlut kt k sn}dnlukgn

b` GES dkl mn o~dh ob}n nktfiv nxsikflne) kle ft ob}n nxsndune ub hkpn k lngkufpn db}}nikufbl

}kuhn} uhkl k sbtfufpn Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu kt ft `b~le fl uhn buhn} pk}fkmint, Kt lku~}ki nln}gv

}ntb~}dn }nlut end}nktn) nln}gv fosb}ut end}nktn) kt uhn endftfbl ub sbunlufkiiv s}be~dn

ebontufdkiiv wb~ie fld}nktn, F` k db~lu}v dhbbtnt ub }ne~dn fosb}ut b` b}nfgl nln}gv }ntb~}dnt)

fl b}en} ub s}bpfen uhn tkon kob~lu b` nln}gv s}be~dufbl ebontufdkiiv) lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt wfii mn

~tne ku k ob}n }ksfe }kun) end}nktflg }nlut) hbwnpn} fld}nktflg ebontufd s}be~dufbl, Kl fld}nktn

fl nln}gv fosb}ut wb~ie t~mtufu~un `b} uhn lndnttfuv b` nxu}kduflg ebontufd nln}gv tb~}dnt) hnldn

lku~}ki }ntb~}dn }nlut wb~ie fld}nktn fl dbosk}ftbl,

Klkivqflg uhn tfglf`fdkldn b` uhn dbn``fdfnlut kitb s}ntnlut kl flun}ntuflg tub}v, Uhn

}ng}nttfbl thbwt uhku Sbifuv FP wb~ie mn uhn inktu tfglf`fdklu sb}ufbl b` uhft klkivtft) `biibwne

mv GLS sn} dksfuk) kle `flkiiv u}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES, Kii b` uhntn dbn``fdfnlut hkpn mnnl

onkt~}ne kt mnflg kmbpn ,3> tfglf`fdkldn onkt~}nonlu) whfin lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut kt k

sn}dnlukgn b` GES wkt onkt~}ne ku ,333) onklflg uhku fu ft uhn bliv tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu

pk}fkmin fl uhft klkivtft, @b} uhn s~}sbtnt b` uhft sksn}) uhft onklt uhku uhn bliv pk}fkmin uhku


33/45


44

ef}nduiv k``ndut nln}gv u}ken ft lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES, Uhft ft

flun}s}nune kt) uhn g}nkun} uhn kob~lu b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt dble~dfmin `b} nln}gv wfuhfl k

db~lu}v) uhn intt nln}gv fosb}ukufbl wfii bdd~}, Uhn uvsn b` gbpn}lonlu) u}ken kt k ubuki

sn}dnlukgn b` GES) kle GLS sn} dksfuk) hkpn ifuuin ub lb foskdu bl k db~lu}vt endftfbl ub

fosb}u `b}nfgl nln}gv tb~}dnt,

Fl un}ot b` uhn bpn}kii tfglf`fdkldn b` uhn obeni) mktne bl uhn KLBPK tdb}n) uhn

}ng}nttfbl ft tufii hfghiv tfglf`fdklu wfuh k tdb}n b` ,333, Uhft onklt uhku uhn s}bmkmfifuv b` kii

dbn``fdfnlut mnflg n{~ki ub qn}b ft s}nuuv ibw) tufii okjflg uhft k gbbe obeni, Uhn bpn}kii obeni

`fu ft kee}nttne uh}b~gh uhn ] T{~k}ne) whfdh ft onkt~}ne ku ,08;) onklflg uhku uhft obeni

nxsikflt 08,;. b` nln}gv fosb}ukufbl, Mnuwnnl kii `b~} b` uhn `kdub}t onkt~}ne fl uhft klkivtft)

uhn dbomflkufbl b` Sbifuv FP) GLS sn} dksfuk) U}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES) kle lku~}ki

}ntb~}dn }nlut kt sn}dnlukgn b` GES kddb~lut `b} 08,;. b` uhn kob~lu b` pk}fkufbl uhku nln}gv

fosb}ukufbl ft nxsikflne mv uhn flensnlenlu pk}fkmint,

Klkivqflg uhn dbltuklu) whfdh kgkfl ft uhn inpni b` uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin) whnl kii

flensnlenlu pk}fkmint k}n qn}b) onklflg k qn}b enobd}kdv tdb}n) qn}b GLS kle u}ken, uhn

ensnlenlu pk}fkmin whnl kii flensnlenlu pk}fkmint k}n n{~ki ub qn}b) vfniet flun}ntuflg }nt~iut,

Uhn Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu b` uhn dbltuklu ft }ndb}ene kt >=,34=) onklflg uhku uhn}n ft k sbtfufpn

db}}nikufbl dbltfen}flg nln}gv fosb}ukufbl) npnl f` kii buhn} pk}fkmint k}n hnie ku k dbltuklu qn}b,

Uhft dkl mn kuuntune ub uhn `kdu uhku f` kii flensnlenlu pk}fkmint k}n n{~kine ub qn}b) k db~lu}vt

ubuki nln}gv fosb}ukufbl wb~ie kmb~u bln hki` uhn tfqn b` uhn db~lu}vt GES, Uhn s}bmkmfifuv uhku

uhft obeni wb~ie mn n{~ki ub qn}b ft pn}v dibtn) wfuh tfglf`fdkldn onkt~}nonlu b` ,3;5) hbwnpn}

dkllbu mn dbltfen}ne tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu, Uhn tuklek}e n}}b} hbwnpn} ft uhn hfghntu b~u b`

klv buhn} pk}fkmint) snkjflg ku si~t b} ofl~t =3,63;) onklflg uhku uhn Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu hkt k


34/45


45

pk}fkmfifuv b` kiobtu =;., Kt tukune mn`b}n) uhn KLBPK tfglf`fdkldn tdb}n kle uhn ] T{~k}ne

t~ook}v }nokfl ~ldhklgne `b} uhn dbltuklu) onklflg uhku uhn tfglf`fdkldn b` uhn obeni kt k

whbin ft ,333) kle whfin uhn ] T{~k}ne ft n{~ki ub ,08;) uhft onklt uhku 08,;. b` uhn obeni ft

nxsikflne uh}b~gh uhntn `b~} pk}fkmint,

K `flki obeni ft nxnd~une fl b}en} ub `~}uhn} nxsib}n kle nxskle uhn fosifdkufblt

gkuhn}ne `}bo uhn s}npfb~t uwb obenit, Uhn `flki obeni kt s}bandune mnibw) klkivqnt GLS kt k

t~mtufu~un `b} GLS sn} dksfuk, Uhn s~}sbtn b` tnsk}kuflg uhn uwb pk}fkmint onkt~}flg uhn wnkiuh

kle tfqn b` k db~lu}fnt ndblbov hkt k dbltfen}kmin tfglf`fdkldn, Fldi~eflg GLS kle GLS sn}

dksfuk wb~ie ~iufokuniv s}bpfen fl`b}okufbl `b} kl ndblbov kt k whbin) kl k}nk whfdh ft b`

db~}tn kl fosb}uklu `kdub} fl u}ken skuun}lt, Mv tnsk}kuflg GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk flub uwb

tnsk}kun }ng}nttfblt) uhn klkivtft ft mnuun} kmin ub dksu~}n uhn u}~n n``ndu b` ef``n}nlu sk}ut b` k

db~lu}vt ndblbov fl uhn endftfbl `b} nlgkgflg fl u}ken) whnuhn} fu ft enun}oflne mv uhn wnkiuh)

b} mv uhn gnln}ki tfqn b` uhn ndblbov,


35/45


4>

Ukmin 4GLS) Sbifuv FP) U}ken kt k Sn}dnlukgn b` GES) & Lku~}ki Nln}gv ]ntb~}dn

]nlut kle Nln}gv Fosb}ut Klkivtft

Dbn``fdfnlut

Nln}gv Fosb}ut

(Ensnlenlu


sbifuv5 ,>;; ;,7>8 ,77=

U}ken kt . b` GES /,;0> ,=46 ,56;

Lku~}ki Nln}gv ]ntb~}dn

]nlut kt . b` GES

/8,=;0 ,>8= ,333

GLS /=,5;8 N/;= ,333 ,504

Dbltuklu >7,505 =;,768 ,336

Obeni Tfglf`fdkldn1 ,333

Bmtn}pkufblt1;70

]/T{~k}n1 ,08=

Ov `flki klkivtft }nsikdnt GLS sn} dksfuk) wfuh GLS kt bln b` uhn `b~} pk}fkmint uhku ft

klkivqne fl uhn n``ndu b` nln}gv u}ken, Kt nxsikflne s}npfb~tiv) tnsk}kuflg GLS kle GLS sn}

dksfuk wkt kl fosb}uklu onkt~}n ukjnl fl b}en} ub ftbikun uhn uwb pk}fkmint ub dbosinuniv

~len}tukle uhn n``ndu uhku uhft k}nk b` k db~lu}vt ndblbov hkt bl uhn endftfbl ub fosb}u `b}nfgl

nln}gv, Uhft tnsk}kufbl wkt kitb pfuki fl s}bpfeflg pkifefuv ub uhn }nt~iut bmtn}pne fl uhft

klkivtft, Kt tnnl fl Ukmin 4) uhn }nt~iut `}bo tnsk}kuflg GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk k}n tfglf`fdklu

fl dbosk}ftbl ub uhn s}npfb~t klkivtft, Kt onlufblne s}npfb~tiv) GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk k}n

dbldnsu~kiiv pn}v ef``n}nlu, GLS pn}v tsndf`fdkiiv onkt~}nt uhn tfqn b` k db~lu}vt ndblbov)

whfin GLS sn} dksfuk ft uhn onkt~}n b` uhn wnkiuh b` uhn ndblbov,

Bmtn}pflg uhn Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlut onkt~}nonlu) Sbifuv FP ft uhn bliv pk}fkmin uhku thbwt

k dink} sbtfufpn db}}nikufbl wfuh nln}gv fosb}ukufbl) kgkfl onklflg wfuh kl fld}nktn fl

enobd}kdv) uhn}n ft kl fld}nktn fl `b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ut, Hbwnpn}) u}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b`

GES) lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES) kle GLS kii }nsb}u k lngkufpn

db}}nikufbl wfuh `b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ukufbl) onklflg uhku wfuh kl fld}nktn fl `b}nfgl nln}gv

fosb}ut) uhn}n ft k end}nktn fl u}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` ubuki GES) lku~}ki }ntb~}dn }nlut kt


36/45


40

sn}dnlukgn b` ubuki GES) kle k uhn}n ft k end}nktn fl GLS, Fu ft fosb}uklu ub lbun) hbwnpn}) uhku

Sbifuv FP ft lbu tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu) lnfuhn} ft u}ken kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES) lb} GLS, Wn

`fle uhft }nt~iu fl uhn ukmin ~len} Tfglf`fdkldn, GLS) kt en`flne mv uhn Wb}ie Mklj) ft uhn t~o

b` pki~n keene mv kii }ntfenlu s}be~dn}t si~t klv s}be~du ukxnt (intt t~mtfefnt lbu fldi~ene fl

uhn pki~kufbl b` b~us~u si~t lnu }ndnfsut b` s}fok}v fldbon (dbosnltkufbl b` nosibvnnt kle

s}bsn}uv fldbon& `}bo km}bke) t~ggntuflg uhku kt uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin ft dhk}kdun}fqne mv

fosb}ukufbl b` k `b}nfgl gbbe) uhn s}be~dufbl b` ebontufd nln}gv ft }ne~dne) hnldn uhn GLS b`

uhn db~lu}v wb~ie kitb end}nktn,

Bmtn}pflg uhn dbn``fdfnlut tfglf`fdkldn) kgkfl) wn bmtn}pn uhku kii pk}fkmint tfglf`fdkldn

onkt~}nonlut k}n kmbpn ,3>) wfuh uhn nxdnsufbl b` lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut kt k sn}dnlukgn

b` GES, Uhft kgkfl t~ggntut) uhku }ngk}eintt b` u}ken) enobd}kdv) kle npnl GLS) k db~lu}v

dhbbtnt ub fosb}u `b}nfgl nln}gv mktne bl uhn ubuki ebontufd lku~}ki }ntb~}dn nln}gv }nlut,

Dbltfen}flg uhn }nkifuv kle uhn ~iufokun hfgh fosb}ukldn b` nln}gv kle `~ni wfuhfl k db~lu}vt

kmfifuv ub `~ldufbl) ensnlenlu bl uhn kob~lu b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt kpkfikmin wfuhfl k db~lu}v ft uhn

bliv pk}fkmin uhku enun}oflnt k db~lu}vt dhbfdn ub fosb}u `b}nfgl nln}gv }ntb~}dnt, Fl }ngk}et ub

uhft klkivtft) k bln ~lfu dhklgn fl }nlu okuun}t `b} u}ken, Fl uhft dktn) k /8,=;0 dhklgn fl }nlu ft k

okab} dhklgn kle okuun}t hfghiv fl }ngk}et ub uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin,

Dbltfen}flg uhn klkivtft kt k whbin) uhn KLBPK tfglf`fdkldn tdb}n kgkfl s}ntnlut k

pki~n b` ,333, Uhft kgkfl t~ggntut uhku uhn obeni kt k whbin ft tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu) kle uhn

s}bmkmfifuv uhku kii dbn``fdfnlut k}n abfluiv n{~ki ub qn}b ft intt uhkl ,3>, Uhn ] T{~k}ne tdb}n b`

uhn Obeni T~ook}v ft kitb s}ntnlune kt ,08=) onklflg uhku uhntn `b~} pk}fkmint) wfuh GLS sn}

dksfuk }nsikdne mv GLS) nxsikflt 08,=. b` uhn kob~lu b` pk}fkufbl fl uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin uhku

ft nxsikflne mv uhn flensnlenlu pk}fkmin, Uhft ft ,33= hfghn} uhkl uhn s}npfb~t obeni) whn}n


37/45


47

GLS ft t~mtufu~une wfuh GLS sn} dksfuk) t~ggntuflg uhku fl uhn bpn}kii ~len}tukleflg b` uhn

obenit) GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk k}n kiobtu flun}dhklgnkmin) kt lnfuhn} k}n tukuftufdkiiv

tfglf`fdklu, Hbwnpn}) kt ft thbwl fl uhn flensnlenlu Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlut klkivtft) uhn ef``n}nldn

mnuwnnl GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk wfuh `b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ukufbl ft h~gn,

Uhn dbltuklu fl uhn `flki iflnk} }ng}nttfbl klkivtft kitb pk}fnt tifghuiv `}bo uhn s}npfb~t

obeni o~dh fl uhn tkon wkv uhku GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk tifghuiv kiun}ne fl uhnf} `flki ekuk

s}ntnlukufbl, Uhn Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu `b} uhn dbltuklu ft >7,505 wfuh k tibsn b` ,336) ef``n}flg `}bo

uhn s}npfb~t obeni whn}n uhn Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu wkt >=,34= kle uhn tibsn wkt ,3;5, Whku ft

sb}u}kvne hn}n ft kl fld}nktne tukuftufdki tfglf`fdkldn `b} GLS pn}t~t GLS sn} dksfuk kt wnii kt k

end}nktne Tibsn Dbn``fdfnlu, Uhft fosifnt uhku whfin uhn s}ntnldn b` GLS fltunke b` GLS sn}

dksfuk okv mn ob}n tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu) wfuh kii buhn} pk}fkmint hnie dbltuklu ku qn}b) nln}gv

fosb}ut fld}nktn ku k tibwn} }kun whnl bln b` uhn pk}fkmint ft GLS }kuhn} uhkl whnl fu ft GLS

sn} dksfuk, Kgkfl) kt uhn KLBPK tfglf`fdkldn tdb}n ebntlu dhklgn uhft obeni }nokflt

tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu) kle wfuh uhn fldi~tfbl b` GLS fltunke b` GLS sn} dksfuk) fu ft sb}u}kvne

uhku uhft obeni nxsikflt 08,=. b` uhn ubuki klkivtft bl flun}lkufblki nln}gv fosb}ukufbl) whfin

GLS sn} dksfuk bliv }ns}ntnlut 08,;., Uhn `kdu uhku uhn ef``n}nldn ft tb ofl~un t~ggntut uhku

uhn}n ft k g}nkun} ndblbofd `kdub} lbu fldi~ene fl uhft tu~ev, Fu ft fosb}uklu kitb ub lbun uhku uhn

`flki ekuk kle }nt~iut b` uhft klkivtft fl }ngk}et ub uhn dbltuklu k}n bliv sb}u}kvne fl uhn oklln}

b` kii flensnlenlu pk}fkmint mnflg n{~ki ub qn}b) whfin uhn ensnlenlu pk}fkmin ft uhn pk}fkmin

mnflg klkivqne,

Fl }ngk}et ub s}npfb~t }ntnk}dh sn}`b}one mv Mnnmn kle Jkieb}) whb k}g~n uhku nln}gv

tnd~}fuv ft tu}kungfdkiiv kss}bkdhne) ntsndfkiiv fl }ngk}et ub g}bwflg lkufblki tnd~}fuv flun}ntut fl

uhn =;tu dnlu~}v) uhn klkivtft dble~dune fl uhft sksn} t~ggntu buhn}wftn, @}bo uhn dbldi~tfblt


38/45


48

e}kwl `}bo uhft tukuftufdki klkivtft) kle uhn unl db~lu}fnt t~}pnvne bpn} uhn uwnluv vnk} sn}fbe) fu

tnnot kt uhb~gh db~lu}fnt k}n eftuflduiv `biibwflg whku Mnnmn kle Jkieb} entd}fmn kt uhn

ok}jnu kss}bkdh, Kt wn hkpn bmtn}pne fl uhn uwb iflnk} }ng}nttfblt dblukflflg GLS kle GLS

sn} dksfuk) uhn onkt~}nonlu b` enobd}kdv wfuhfl nkdh db~lu}v ft lbu tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu, Wn

kitb dbldi~en uhku GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk k}n lbu tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu, Fl `kdu) wn k}n kmin

ub bmtn}pn uhn bliv pk}fkmin nxs}nttflg klv tukuftufdki tfglf`fdkldn ft uhku b` lku~}ki nln}gv

}ntb~}dn }nlut, Whfin buhn} pk}fkmint whfdh wb~ie mn ktt~one ub hkpn kl foskdu bl nln}gv u}ken

k}n s}ntnlu) uhn ekuk b` uhft klkivtft fl `kdu s}ntnlut k pfnw pn}v dblu}k}v ub uhku b` Mnnmn kle

Jkieb}, Db~lu}fnt s}bpn uh}b~gh uhft klkivtft uhku ~lifjn Mnnmn kle Jkieb}t ktt~osufbl b`k

lnwiv enpnibsne tu}kungfd kss}bkdh fl uhn nln}gv u}ken) whfin fl `kdu k ok}jnu kss}bkdh ft tnnl

ub mn npfenlu `}bo uhft tukuftufdki klkivtft,


39/45


46

Dbldi~tfbl kle @~}uhn} Fosifdkufblt

Uhn}n ft lb k}g~onlu uhku b~} wb}ie ft mndboflg ob}n gibmkifqne kle flun}dbllndune)

kle wfuh uhft tnltn b` ubgnuhn}lntt) wn hkpn kitb dbon ub uhn ~lfpn}tki ~len}tukleflg uhku b~}

bldn tnnoflgiv ~lifofune }ntb~}dnt k}n fl `kdu `flfun, Kl kddnsune `kdu whfdh hkt mndbon ob}n

kssk}nlu fl uhn }ndnlu =;tu

dnlu~}v ft uhku b~} d~}}nlu `b}o b` ~tflg uhntn }ntb~}dnt ft lbu

t~tukflkmin fl lnfuhn} uhn wkv b~} fl`}ktu}~du~}n hkt mnnl d}nkune) lb} fl uhn wkv wn ~tn

}ntb~}dnt bl k ekfiv mktft, Uhft }nkifqkufbl hkt s}bif`n}kune sbifufdt fl oklv enpnibsne db~lu}fnt

wb}iewfen) whfin fl buhn} tukunt fu hkt mndbon mi~luiv kssk}nlu uh}b~gh flun}tukun wk}`k}n)

flunltf`fne sbpn}uv) kle tnpn}n ~len}enpnibsonlu,

Uhn s~}sbtn b` uhn klkivtft ~len}ukjnl fl uhft s}bandu ft ~len}iflne kle obufpkune mv

uhntn tbmn}flg `kdut, Uhn wkv uhn wb}ie ~tnt nln}gv) whfdh ft tb dibtniv ifljne ub kii ekfiv

`~ldufblt b` k lkufbl `}bo uhn mktfd obufblt b` bmukflflg dinkl e}fljflg wkun} ub uhn flun}kdufblt

b` ndblbofd tvtunot whfdh k}n mnflg enifpn}ne npn}v tndble) k}n kii k``ndune mv uhn wkv bln

bmukflt nln}gv, Uhft tu~ev tb~ghu ub `~}uhn} ~len}tukle kle uhn db}n b` lkufblt flunlufblt kle

gbpn}lkldn uhn endftfblt oken b` whn}n uhn bmukflonlu b` lkufblki nln}gv wfii b}fgflkun `}bo,

Dbltfen}flg uhku ~len}tukleflg t~dh kl flu}fdkun kle enukfine tvtuno hkt k wfen k}}kv b`

pk}fkmint) uhn flunlu b` uhft klkivtft wkt ub m}nkj ebwl flun}lkufblki nln}gv u}ken flub sk}ut

oklkgnkmin nlb~gh ub e}kw k wfen tnltn dbldi~tfbl kt ub whku n``ndut `b}nfgl nln}gv }ntb~}dn

fosb}ukufbl,

Uhn dbldi~eflg npfenldn `b~le uh}b~gh uhft s}bandu ft uhku whfin `kdub}t t~dh kt GLS kle

GLS sn} dksfuk wb~ie tnnoflgiv mn uhn obtu fl`i~nlufki `kdub}t fl nln}gv fosb}ukufbl) kii uhntn

`kdub}t ktfen fu ft fl `kdu uhn s}ntnldn b` lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut whfdh hkpn uhn obtu ef}ndu

kle tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu foskdu bl `b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ukufbl, Uh}b~gh uhn uh}nn tukuftufdki


40/45


53

obenit s}ntnlune fl uhft sksn}) npfenldn thbwt uhku uhn Sbifuv FP tdb}nt k}n uhn inktu tukuftufdkiiv

tfglf`fdklu fl mnflg uhn endfeflg `kdub}t b` nln}gv fosb}ukufbl, GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk) whfdh

wb~ie mn nxsndune ub sikv hfghiv tfglf`fdklu }bint fl k``nduflg lnu nln}gv fosb}ut kt k sn}dnlukgn

b` ~tn) wn}n kitb `b~le ub mn intt tukuftufdkiiv tfglf`fdklu fl uhn bpn}kii k``nduflg `kdub}t b` nln}gv

fosb}ukufbl, Uhn tflgin pk}fkmin whfdh wkt `b~le ub mn b` uhn g}nkuntu kle obtu dbltftunlu

tukuftufdki tfglf`fdkldn wkt uhku b` lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut kt k sn}dnlukgn b` GES,

Bln b` uhn ob}n nxdfuflg }nt~iut b` uhft s}bandu ft `b~le wfuhfl uhn k}g~onlu oken mv

Mnnmn kle Jkieb}) kt s}npfb~tiv dfune fl uhft sksn}, Mnnmn kle Jkieb} oken uhn eftufldu

k}g~onlu uhku db~lu}fnt k}n `~ldufblflg ~len} uhn ktt~osufbl b` k tu}kungfd kss}bkdh ub nln}gv

tnd~}fuv) }kuhn} uhkl k ok}jnu mktne kss}bkdh, Whfin uhft k}g~onlu wb~ie hbie ~s wnii fl ifghu b`

uhn }ndnlu `nk}t b` gibmki difokun dhklgn) ensinufbl b` lku~}ki }ntb~}dnt) kle uhn }kdn `b}

bmukflonlu, Hbwnpn}) uhn }nt~iut b` uhft tu~ev s}bpn buhn}wftn,

F` fl `kdu) db~lu}fnt wn}n e}fpnl mv s~}n tu}kungfd kle sbwn} dbltfen}kufblt) GLS kle

GLS sn} dksfuk wb~ie hkpn mndbon ob}n s}npkinlu pk}fkmint wfuhfl uhft tu~ev, Uhn }nt~iut)

hbwnpn}) s}bpn buhn}wftn, GLS kle GLS sn} dksfuk s}bpne ub hkpn pn}v ifuuin ub lb tukuftufdki

tfglf`fdkldn fl uhft tu~ev, Uhft ft k tukunonlu uhku npnl db~lu}fnt whb hkpn ifuuin wnkiuh) b}

tokiin} ndblbofnt) tufii sk}ukjn fl nln}gv fosb}ukufbl) hnldn sbwn}) hkt pn}v ifuuin ub eb wfuh uhn

tub}v, [~fun bl uhn dblu}k}v) lku~}ki }ntb~}dn }nlut s}bpn ub hkpn uhn obtu tukuftufdki tfglf`fdkldn)

onklflg uhku k ok}jnu kss}bkdh ub uhn flun}lkufblki nln}gv u}ken ft nosibvne,

Fl }ngk}et ub Mnnmn kle Jkieb}t m}bke tukunonlut b` ]~ttfk) uhn ^lfune Tukunt) kle

Dhflk nosibvflg k hk}e tnd~}fuv kss}bkdh) kle k tnd~}fufqkufbl kss}bkdh ub nln}gv }ntb~}dnt)

tnnot ub hkpn mnnl efts}bpnl uh}b~gh uhft tukuftufdki klkivtft, Whku fl `kdu hkt mnnl bmtn}pne ft

npnl uhn tokiintu kle sbb}ntu db~lu}fnt k}n fosb}uflg `b}nfgl nln}gv }ntb~}dnt) lbu `b} uhn klgin


41/45


5;

b` tnd~}fufqflg k db~lu}fnt nln}gv }ntb~}dn t~}si~t) m~u ub kssnktn enokle kle lndnttfuv, Whku

hkt mnnl oken kpkfikmin `}bo uhft klkivtft ft uhku k ok}jnu enokle kle t~ssiv `b} nln}gv

}ntb~}dnt ft pn}v ifpniv mnflg sikvne b~u uh}b~ghb~u uhn wb}ie, Whnuhn} uhn db~lu}fnt k}n

wnkiuhv b} lbu) uhn}n ft k tunkev tu}nko b` nln}gv fosb}ukufbl sn}`b}one kt k }ntsbltn ub uhn

pk}fkmin b` lku~}ki nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut, Uhn dbldi~tfbl b` uhft klkivtft ft uhku db~lu}fnt k}n

}ntsbleflg ub k ok}jnu mktne u}keflg tvtuno) uhku k }ntsbltn ub enokle) kmbpn kii nitn) ft whku

e}fpnt k db~lu}vt s~}dhktflg sbwn},

]ntsbleflg ub k ok}jnu b` t~ssiv kle enokle ft lbu k lngkufpn dbldnsu) hbwnpn}) uhn

kpkfikmfifuv b` dhnks nln}gv fl uhn ok}jnu ft k mk}}fn} ub enpnibsflg kiun}lkufpn tb~}dnt, Kt tukune

s}npfb~tiv) k okab} s}bmino mnflg `kdne ft uhn dbldnsu b` obpflg `b}wk}e kle enpnibsflg tni`

t~tukflkmin s}bg}kot fl }ngk}et ub k dblufl~kufbl fl s}bpfeflg uhn enoklene nln}gv t~ssiv, Uhn

dhnks nln}gv ok}jnu whfdh ft kuu}kdufpn fl flun}lkufblki u}ken) `~lekonlukiiv `~nit k

enpnibsonlu s}bmino) kle sbtnt k `~u~}n uh}nku ub g}bwuh kle t~tukflkmfifuv, Kt uhn db~lu}fnt

whfdh lnne nln}gv fosb}ut kle hkpn ibw lkufblki t~ssifnt b` nln}gv }ntb~}dnt) `fle uhnotnipnt

~lkmin ub k``b}e `b}nfgl nln}gv }ntb~}dnt) uhnv wfii mn `kdflg iblg un}o mk}}fn}t fl uhnf} `~u~}n

g}bwuh, Whfin Mnnmn kle Jkieb} kuunosune ub okjn uhn k}g~onlu `b} db~lu}fnt `~ldufblflg fl k

tu}kungfd skuun}l fl uhft sn}fbe b` ufon) hftub}v hkt t~ggntune buhn}wftn) kle wfii dblufl~n

t~ggntuflg buhn}wftn ~lufi k tn}fb~t }ntb~}dn eftktun}) kle thb}ukgn mndbon fooflnlu, Fu ft uhnl

sn}hkst k tu}kungfd ok}jnu tu}kungv wfii mn nosibvne) kt t~ggntune mv Mnnmn kle Jkieb})

hbwnpn}) `b} uhn ufon mnflg kle mktne bl uhft klkivtft) uhku ufon ft lbu vnu ~sbl b~} flun}lkufblki

u}keflg tvtuno,

Mngfllflg uhn }ntnk}dh `b} uhft sksn}) F hke dbosinuniv s}ndbldnfpne lbufblt kmb~u uhn

u}~n fos}nttfblkmfifuv b` uhn ndblbofd kle u}ken ok}jnu, Sbifufdt) ndblbofdt) wnkiuh) kle ubuki


42/45


5=

u}ken o~tu kii mn dboobl `kdub}t whfdh enun}ofln uhn fosb}ukufbl b` nln}gv }ntb~}dnt, Ub hkpn

~len}ukjnl uhft s}bandu kle tnnl uhn }nt~iut b` uhft klkivtft) dblu}kefdut uhntn s}nenun}oflne fenkt

b` flun}lkufblki `kdub}t fl u}ken, Hbwnpn}) uhft lnw ~len}tukleflg b` uhn ok}jnu s}nefdkunt k `~ii

lnw tnu b` pk}fkmint kle klkivtnt whfdh dkl mn `~}uhn} nxsib}ne kle ~len}ukjnl,

Whfin uhft tukuftufdki obeni kle ekuk tnu s}bpnt uhku Sbifuv FP tdb}nt k}n lbu tukuftufdkiiv

tfglf`fdklu fl `b}nfgl nln}gv fosb}ukufbl) kl klkivtft b` db~lu}vt mktne bl }ngfbl fldi~eflg uhn

tkon pk}fkmint wb~ie s}bpfen k mnuun} ~len}tukleflg b` uhn `~ii n``ndut b` sbifufdt kle }ngfblki

}nikufblthfst, Uhft s}bandu dbltftune b` unl db~lu}fnt dhbtnl ku }klebo tb kt ub lbu d}nkun k

mfktne ekuk tnu) hbwnpn}) whnl dbltfen}flg sbifufdki }nikufblt) kss}bkdhflg uhft ubsfd db~ie mn

`~}uhn} fii~oflkune whnl dblunxu~kifqflg db~lu}vt u}ken skuun}lt wfuhfl uhnf} tkon }ngfblki k}nk,

Uh}b~gh }ngfblki klkivtft b` db~lu}fnt) uhft kss}bkdh wfii kitb hnis ub m}bkenl kle ennsnl uhn

klkivtft) }kuhn} uhkl hkpflg k wfents}nke ekuk tnu,

K `~}uhn} tuns whfdh dkl mn nxsib}ne k`un} uhft klkivtft ft uhku b` nxskleflg uhn l~omn}

b` db~lu}fnt klkivqne, @b} uhn tkjn b` uhft s}bandu) uhn l~omn} b` db~lu}fnt klkivqne wkt ifofune

ub unl bpn} k sn}fbe b` uwnluv vnk}t: hbwnpn}) fu wb~ie mn mnln`fdfki ub nxskle uhft l~omn}, Uhft

wb~ie s}bpfen g}nkun} pkifefuv ub uhn ekuk npfenldne uh}b~gh uhn uh}nn iflnk} }ng}nttfblt dk}}fne

b~u fl uhft klkivtft) kt wnii kt s}bpfeflg k g}nkun} ekuk tnu `b} ob}n s}ndftn }nt~iut, Uhft n``ndu b`

m}bkenlflg uhn klkivtft wb~ie kitb s}bpfen k mnuun} dblunxu~kifqkufbl f` k }ngfblki klkivtft ft

~len}ukjnl,

Uhn s~}sbtn b` uhft s}bandu ft ub `~}uhn} ~len}tukle uhn dhbfdnt ~len}ukjnl mv db~lu}fnt fl

uhn flun}lkufblki u}ken b` nln}gv, Kt eftd~ttne fl uhn fosb}ukldn b` uhft t~mandu kle uhn ifun}k}v

klkivtft) whfin nln}gv fosb}ukufbl ft enun}oflne mv nln}gv }ntb~}dn }nlut) uhn okfl dbldn}l

}nifnt fl fldnlufpnt b` thf`uflg `bd~t ubwk}et t~tukflkmfifuv kle fllbpkufbl fl kiun}lkufpn nln}gv

7/31/2019 Daria Preston Underst

Daria Preston Understanding the Influencing Factors of the International Energy Trade Senior Honors...

Documents

Transcript of Daria Preston Understanding the Influencing Factors of the International Energy Trade Senior Honors...