Daniel J Mallinson, Ph.D. - Day 18: Problems: Decisions...Day 18: Problems: Decisions Daniel J....
Transcript of Daniel J Mallinson, Ph.D. - Day 18: Problems: Decisions...Day 18: Problems: Decisions Daniel J....
-
Day 18: Problems: Decisions
Daniel J. Mallinson
School of Public AffairsPenn State [email protected]
PUBPL 304
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 1 / 14
-
Road map
Discuss the decision making process
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 2 / 14
-
Problem Definition
Symbols
Numbers
Causes
Interests
Decisions
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 3 / 14
-
Decisions
The Decider The Paralyzed
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 4 / 14
http://www.americanpopularculture.com/htdocs/assets/george_w_bush73.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Warren_G_Harding-Harris_%26_Ewing-crop.jpg
-
Decisions
Rational Model
Decisions follow a clear analytical process
The Polis
Decisions follow a political process
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 5 / 14
-
Steps of Rational Policymaking
1 Define the goal
2 List alternatives
3 Evaluate consequences of each alternative
4 Choose least costly alternative that is most likely toattain the goal
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 6 / 14
-
Let’s make a decision...
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 7 / 14
http://www.eatcu.com/original/d5a3498cfc9e53130b5f815ef44713b7_Jet.jpg
-
Defining Goals
Rational Model
Goals are explicit and precise
The Polis
Political utility in having ambiguous goals
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 8 / 14
-
Selecting Alternatives
Rational Model
Does not indicate where these come from, but theyshould be exhaustive
Options have equal standing
Only allows choice of one option
The Polis
Framing controls the set of possible options and theirmeaning
Causal claims also shape alternatives
Transform an either-or to a both-and solution
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 9 / 14
-
Evaluating Alternatives
Rational Model
Cost-benefit tally
Focus on efficiency
The Polis
The intangibles matter
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 10 / 14
-
The Intangibles
What would you pay for an additional year of life?
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 11 / 14
http://static2.stuff.co.nz/1328218897/062/6361062.jpg
-
Measurement
Do not forget our discussion of numbers. Need to beaware of what is included in costs and benefits. Where isthe line drawn?
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 12 / 14
-
Moral/Ethical vs. Utilitarian Decision
Ticking Time Bomb Terrorist
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 13 / 14
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kddyyE98boA/T5k8vWafVKI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/OayakpJtjm8/s1600/Symetrical+Shot.png
-
Pulling it all together
Key Point
Politics is about who tells the story and what story theyare telling. Issue framing shapes the interests that aremobilized and the solutions that are ultimatelyconsidered. Hence, a lot of power in controlling how anissue is framed for policy makers.
Mallinson Day 18 October 2, 2017 14 / 14