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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Digital curatorshipOnto-epistemological considerations
and implications for cultural information systems
Costis DallasDirector of Museum Studies & Associate Professor
Faculty of InformationUniversity of Toronto
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Costis Dallas (2013) Scholarly activity, information requirements and researchinfrastructures: European initiatives and intellectual foundations
Outline
Introduction: research projects and interests Studying scholarly research practices and digital
research methods Formal representation of cultural objects Curation-aware cultural information systems
What is curated? An ontological inquiry
Who is the curator? An epistemological inquiry
The methods of digital curatorship The activity of digital curation Digital infrastructures as tools for curatorship
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Costis Dallas (2013) Scholarly activity, information requirements and researchinfrastructures: European initiatives and intellectual foundations
RESEARCH PROJECTS ANDINTERESTS
Introduction
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Costis Dallas (2013) Scholarly activity, information requirements and researchinfrastructures: European initiatives and intellectual foundations
Studying scholarly practices
and digital research methods
EHRI, DARIAH-EU, ARIADNE &
Europeana Cloud projects
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Studying scholarly practice and needsin EU research projects: background
Semi-structured interviews in the PreparingDARIAH project (Digital Curation Unit-IMIS,Athena Research Centre, Greece)
Mixed methods research in EHRI, based on: Researcher questionnaire survey (N: 277; DCU,
Greece)
15 semi-structured interviews with researchers
(DCU, Greece) 20 semi-structured interviews with archivists (KCL,
UK; NIOD, Netherlands)
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Studying scholarly practice and needsin EU research projects: ongoing
Europeana Cloud - Unlocking Europes Research via the Cloud Expert forums, case studies, questionnaire surveys (2013-2014)
DARIAH-EU Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts andHumanities Mixed methods research on Understanding scholarly practice,
based on transnational questionnaire survey and digital humanitiesproject profiling (2013-2015)
Digital methods ontology work, in collaboration with NeDiMAH(2013-2015)
ARIADNE - Advanced Research Infrastructure for ArchaeologicalDatasets Networking in Europe Archaeological research methods SIG (2013-2016)
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Europeana Cloud: Research user
requirements: digital research practices,
tools and content
Desk research: digital research practices and
digital tools state of the art
Research Communities web survey
Identification and creation of Humanities and
Social Sciences case studies
User requirements analysis
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Scholarly Research Activity Model
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
DARIAH-EU VCC2 Task 2 work:approach and objectives
Specification of digital infrastructures for the arts andhumanities should address the historical practices,needs and perceptions of scholars
Evidence-based substantiation of infrastructure
requirements and specification How scholars interact with the whole spectrum of
information and conceptual entities, digital as well as non-digital
Understand differences between disciplines and approaches
Develop a conceptual framework for the identificationof methods, categories and properties representingscholarly research
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Costis Dallas (2013) Scholarly activity, information requirements and researchinfrastructures: European initiatives and intellectual foundations
Formal representations of
cultural heritage objects
LoCloud and ARIADNE projects
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Representing cultural objects:background
CIDOC CRM (Conceptual Reference Model) CARARE Connecting Archaeology and
Architecture with Europeana project Definition of an XML schema for archaeological and
architectural monuments and their representations(CARARE Schema v. 1.0) Mapping of CARARE Schema to the Europeana Data
Model (EDM)
3D-ICONS - 3D Digitisation of Icons of Architectural
and Archaeological Heritage Extension of the CARARE Schema to cover the
representation of 3D architectural models (v. 2.0)
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Representing cultural objects:current and future work
LoCloud (2013-2015) Metadata mapping of cultural resources from
Wikimedia and social media contexts
Conceptual modeling of historic and vernacularnames, places and locations using SKOS
ARIADNE (2013-2016) Individuation, mereology and emergent
classification of archaeological monuments
Conceptualizing and representing artefact andmonument descriptions as knowledge objects
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Costis Dallas (2013) Scholarly activity, information requirements and researchinfrastructures: European initiatives and intellectual foundations
Curation-aware metadata
repositories
LoCloud, ARIADNE and DYAS
Greek Network of Digital ResearchInfrastructures
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Repository work: background
Evidence-based specifications for acuration-aware research repository
Preparing DARIAH and EHRI projects
MoRe: Monument Repository
Developed for the CARARE project
OAIS-compliant architecture
OAI-PMH aggregator and server
Metadata mapping and enrichment
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Monument Repository data flow
15
Mapping toolContent
Providers
Repository
SIP
Define Mapping
Native XML
Checks
Structural
Well-formedness
Integrity
Enrich
AIP
Versioning
Europeana
Mapping AIP
EDM(selected data)
Native, CARARE, Mapping,Provider & item admin info(package independence)
EDM
RDF
CARARE
Negotiation for acceptance
AIP
DIP
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Element & attribute
clean/filling
1717
001
http://acropolis.gr/001.tiff
tiff
Acropolis
Athens
Greece
Acropolis, Athens, Greece
IMAGE
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Spatial transform
1818
EPSG:28992
point
121821; 487476
Check coordinate system:spatialReferenceSystem : EPSG:28992
TransformWGS84 :
52.37415441823642
4.899978444680552
Check if X/Y Lat/Lonor
Lon/Lat
Check if the monument is located in the country that is
described in the record (country code = NL)
121821
487476
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19
CARARE Record 1
heritageAsset ID: H-1
digitalResource ID: D-1
digitalResource ID: D-2
digitalResource ID: D-3
CARARE Record 2
heritageAsset ID: H-2
digitalResource ID: D-4
digitalResource ID: D-1
digitalResource ID: D-5
CARARE Record 3
heritageAsset ID: H-3
digitalResource ID: D-1
digitalResource ID: D-5
digitalResource ID: D-6
CARARE Record 1
heritageAsset ID: H-1
digitalResource ID: D-1
digitalResource ID: D-2
digitalResource ID: D-3
CARARE Record 2
heritageAsset ID: H-2
digitalResource
Relation : H1D-1
digitalResource ID: D-5
ID: D-4
CARARE Record 3
heritageAsset ID: H-3
digitalResource ID: D-6
Relation : H1D-1
Relation : H2D-5
De-duplication
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
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s
Instructions for Minute MadnessA curation-aware repository for scholarly research
S. Angelis, A. Benardou, P. Constantopoulos, C. Dallas& D. Gavrilis
1Understanding scholarlyinformation requirements
Research supported by
Analysis of scholar interviews
to identify typical processesbaConceptual modeling of
scholarly information work
2
Enhancing MOPSEUS
repository for scholarly use
Layered architecture supporting
Virtual Research Environmentsb
Annotation, versioning, full
curation lifecycle functionalitya
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Subtitle here, if required
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Subtitle here, if required
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Research infrastructure
architecture
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Metadata providers
Standards
Organizations
and other
Providers
ARIADNE archaeological research infrastructure
Original
metadata
(for: literature,
monuments,
geo-data,
scientific
datatsets,
images, 3D)
OAIPMH
providerHarvester
Metadata
Schemas
Aggregation
service
SKOSification
service
Import
Common
formats
PreservationServices
Visualizationand
interfaces
service
SKOS
Vocabularies
(thesauri)
WP13
WP15WP3
WP12
Semantic
Annotation and
Linking service
Mapping/cros
swalks
ARIADNE
Linked
Data
Cloud
Export
Indexing/retrieval
Ingest
WP16
NLP ServicesData mining
Metadata Repositories
Metadata
repository
Metadata
repository
Metadata
repository
Service
Orchestration
Repository
Management
Metadata
Registry
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Metadata providers
Standards
Organizations
and other
Providers
An architecture for ARIADNE
Original
metadata
(for: literature,
monuments,
geo-data,
scientific
datatsets,
images, 3D)
OAIPMH
providerHarvester
Metadata
Schemas
Aggregation
service
SKOSification
service
Import
Common
formats
PreservationServices
Visualizationand
interfaces
service
SKOS
Vocabularies
(thesauri)
WP13
WP15WP3
WP12
Semantic
Annotation and
Linking service
Mapping/crosswalks
ARIADNE
Linked
Data
Cloud
Export
Indexing/retrieval
Ingest
WP16
NLP ServicesData mining
Metadata Repositories
Metadata
repository
Metadata
repository
Metadata
repository
Service
Orchestration
Repository
Management
Metadata
Registry
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Cultural-historical activity theory
Activity: purposeful interaction of a subject with theworld
Directed toward an object, a physical or conceptual entityembodying the fulfilment of some objective or motive,intended to meet a specific need ofthe subject
Activity systems are composed as a hierarchy of activities,constituted by consciousactions, which in turn areconstituted by sub-conscious operations
Subjects can be individuals, but also communities ofpractice,sharing needs and motives.
Activities take place by means of tool mediation, whichinclude both physical and cognitive mediationalartefacts
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
The compositional structure ofactivity
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
A simple(r) activity theory model
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Descriptive vs. normative aspects ofscholarly activity
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Costis Dallas (2013) Scholarly activity, information requirements and researchinfrastructures: European initiatives and intellectual foundations
Scholarly information activity
as digital curation at the source
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Co-reference, merging objectidentity
Quite frequently a scholar might find a fragment of asculpture or vase in one museum that joins to a similarpiece in another museum. Dyfri Williams has done justthat with an Archaic Greek vase fragment, in the Ure
Museum [], that joins a dinos (bowl) attributed tothe painter, Sophilos, which is housed in the BritishMuseum []. So access to the fragment on the Ure DBgives visitors only a glimpse of the whole, and to seethe more significant parts of the vase, one has to haveaccess to the corresponding piece in the BritishMuseum (Fuchs, Isaksen & Smith, 2005)
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Object collocation, attribution
[] The same Archaic fragment is also partof several distributed assemblages ofobjects. For example, someone interested
in the works of Sophilos would wish toconsult all of the 91 works attributed to orsigned by that artist [...] These are
fortunately brought together, albeit inlimited form, on the Beazley Archive.(Fuchs, Isaksen & Smith, 2005)
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Note organising, sorting
Are the notes from Evernote printable one on a 5
by 7 notecard that I could then spread out on thefloor? (a whiteboard with magnets, what an idea,
hadn't thought of that-- I have a fear of magnetssince they used to destroy things on disks and Iwas always afraid of losing all my work due to an
errant magnet.) I've fantasized about getting a
bunch of these mounted on the wall somehow.Usually I spread out my notecards on the floor.
(Anon. 2010, chroniclecareers.com forum)
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Versioning, curating
Okay, you get someone annotating or correcting orsending information. You can get it as a list ofemails, and then you have to work with that, andthen you need the management tool for that. You
need to know, okay, this one must be sent to thisadvisor ... This one is something that I can ignore.This one needs another consultation with thisexpert. This one I want to take into account andchangethe authorised description. So this kind of
administrative tool does not exist, we [haventfound] yet a good tool for that anywhere. (Speck &Links 2013: archivist interview)
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Searching, organising
I want to be able to search through all notecards Ihave ever made ever in my life, not just those for acertain text I've read since that would limit my quotesto that text. I want every quote I've ever jotted downthat contains the word "umbrage" to appear if I searchfor that term. [] I want to then have a space where Ican take the results of multiple such searches: Victorian
Honor
Umbrage
and order the notecards or quotes in a way I want.(anon. 2010, chroniclecareers.com forum)
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Term selection, construction,definition
As far as possible I use established terms asclearly as I can. I would rather try to describewhat Im looking at and see how it sits withinthe framework of discussion in the literature. I
think if you have to call a new term you couldhave to be really sure what you are doing. []Where one does have to create a new term itneeds to be glossed with the kind of definition
that you hope will then get into the secondaryliterature in its own right (UK archaeologist,quoted in Benardou et al. 2010)
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Scholarly primitives as research activity-centred relations
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Relationship between activities andinformation objects
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Interplay between facts and theories
[i]t is conceivable that, through the use of links, website visitors may be able to see how the archaeologistmoves back and forth [] between images, artifacts,documents, and theories, to arrive at aninterpretation about the site. They may be able tobetter understand which of the archaeologist'squestions were NOT answered what "testimplications" were NOT met. Suppose visitors could"see", with image maps, say, the artifacts as they layin the ground and experience links between thoseartifacts and the ethnographic examples thatsuggested certain kinds of artifact patterning to thearchaeologist? (Landow 1992)
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
43
From objects to theories
categorical knowledge,
domain knowledge,
theories, classifications,
ontologies
things in the
world
identifications,
descriptions, facts
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Epistemic cultures (Knorr-Cetina 1999)
Particular configurations of Working practices Institutional arrangements
Roles and hierarchies Technologies
They differ amongst different communitiesof epistemic practice
E.g., between high-energy physicists andmolecular biologists
Not only diffferent disciplines!
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Tool mediation
Archaeologists need to be more aware not only of howwe span the multiple gaps, the multiple fields, betweenthe material world and text, plans, maps, illustrations andso on, but also of how these processes are caught up indiverse networks linking fields which encompasseverything from funding bodies, sociopolitical alliances,
media and materialities [] to, for example, even themodes of engagement and articulation practised by anartillery officer in the British military during theNapoleonic wars. We need [] to situate this process inrelation to these larger networks []. Things (our tapes,trowels, theodolites, media, etc.), too, have a stake in our
nonlinear and interconnected paths of knowledgeproduction []. They too must be included. This scheme ofmultiple fields is a means of maintaining something of thecomplexity of archaeological practice in our modes ofdocumentation and language. (Witmore 2004)
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Tool mediation: a broader account
A continuum of epistemic objects, mediated by Thick descriptions, materiality-informed inscriptions
Importance of secondary archive
Complex subject access Overlapping and inconsistent terminologies
Different languages, disciplinary traditions
Persistence of value of old knowledge
Static or slow-changing information resources, e.g.corpora
Legacy research always important
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerationsand implications for cultural information systems
Object-centered research mediation
Epistemic cultures in object-centred disciplines Information-intensive, object-centred
E.g., molecular biology, archaeology, art history
Typically idiographic rather than nomothetic
Densely connected, deeply nested, topologicallycomplex objects
Inconsistency of facts, intransitivity in reasoning
Practice informed by thingy mediating tools Quasi-objects, boundary objects, mutable mobiles
Material tools, interactive kinds
People in situated action
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How an archaeological siteremembers its facts
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and implications for cultural information systems
The world of activity
Activity model
Epistemic agency
Epistemic process
Epistemic object
A second-level articulation between anontology, an epistemology and a
methodology
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and implications for cultural information systems
Scholarly activity meta-domains
Scholarlyactivity
Epistemicagency
Epistemicobjects
Epistemicprocess
Epistemology
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Costis Dallas (2013) Scholarly activity, information requirements and research
infrastructures: European initiatives and intellectual foundations
Questions and issues
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and implications for cultural information systems
Infrastructure requirements
Individual disciplines (will) have their own mechanisms,repositories, tools and other resources
In this light, where are particular needs for cross-disciplineresources, services, tools, infrastructures?
Which of the following is a) desirable, b) feasible? Do nothing is should be an issue for each discipline to solve
Focus just on cross-discipline information dissemination, so thatpeople can know and adopt tools and services used succesfully inneighbouring disciplines
Identify those collections/resources/datasets used across specificdisciplines, and provide cross-discipline access
Federate and provide collective access to all discipline-basedinformation sources (collection-level, people, methods etc.)
Federate and provide full access to individual resources across thehumanities
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Requirements information access anddiscovery
Do we need information services on Research problems, programmes, long-term initiatives?
Topics, research areas, concepts, theories as entry points?
People, i.e., scholars, researchers? E.g., a registry or communityof practice where humanists can find out what others are working
on; who works on a particular area, etc? Collections of research sources, existing databases, repositories,
archive? E.g., a collection level registry? Should it include justdigital or all collections?
Research methods, procedures, best practices? E.g., an systematic
index of methods related to disciplines and research problems?Also with particular projects / people / collections involved?
Tools and services? Listing what tools are available, and for whichpurpose?
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and implications for cultural information systems
Requirements curation
Primary cultural object repositories, corpora, databases etc.exist in different countries, disciplines, research areas, andrightly so, ensuring reliability and authenticity
Given the nature of humanities information objects, and therise of online research, how do we keep up to date
information on corrections, annotations, links as knowledge onthese objects evolves?
Given that scholarly research is evidenced in publication -increasingly digital, especially for journals- is it useful toconnect these to resources, and how?
How do we imagine online scholarly communication? Apartfrom digital publication, is interaction in blogs, forums etc.important? Should it become part of the information record ofresearch? How should it be preserved and supported?
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerations
and implications for cultural information systems
Requirements - sociotechnical
Should infrastructure projects (such as DARIAH) focusmostly on developing their own systems, or not?
Which of the following are a) desirable, b) feasible? Develop prescriptive mechanisms for particular areas of scholarly
information, e.g. for scholarly resource metadata and work
towards enforcement across Europe Develop tools; a workbench; a virtual research environment Develop / evangelise standards, guidelines etc. to mine connect,
integrate existing resources, tools etc. Develop canonical meta-collections, filters, recommenders Energise particular business models, trial initiatives etc. in the area
of scholarly communication, publication, open access, academicadvancement etc.
Advocate adoption of digital humanities, provide information,learning materials etc.
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Costis Dallas (2013) Scholarly activity, information requirements and research
infrastructures: European initiatives and intellectual foundations
Six truisms on the specification of
humanities digital infrastructures
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Truism #2: Digital infrastructures should be
based on digital services humanists ask for
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerations
and implications for cultural information systems
Truism #3: Digital infrastructures should
provide access to primary research data
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerations
and implications for cultural information systems
Truism #4: Digital infrastructures should
focus on serving information seeking needs
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and implications for cultural information systems
Truism #5: Digital infrastructures should
support the humanities research workflow
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Costis Dallas (2013) Digital curatorship: Onto-epistemological considerations
and implications for cultural information systems
Truism #6: digital infrastructures shouldprovide an integrated virtual research
environment for humanists
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Thank you!
For more info:http://www.dariah.eu
http://[email protected]