Daily Journal #61 – December 16, 2010

Daily Journal #61 – December 16, 20101. What are the two most abundant elements in the Universe? Hint: they are the two simplest elements in structure.

3. True or False? Graphite (the “lead” in a pencil) and diamonds are made of different forms of the same chemical element.

2. Hydrogen is the lightest element in the Periodic Table and is a gas at atmospheric temperatures. Why is it not used in balloons or blimps?Safety – Hydrogen is highly flammable – gas used instead is Helium (He) which is non-flammable

Hydrogen (H)

Both are made of Carbon (C)Picture = Hindenburg disaster

Helium (He)

Daily Journal #62 – December 19, 2010

1. Which of the following sugars is found in milk: sucrose, fructose, lactose, or glucose?

3. This element is one of the few on the Periodic Table that is a liquid at room temperature. Hint: once known as quicksilver.

2. True or False? Gold, silver, and bronze are all elements.

Gold (Au) & Silver (Ag) are elements – bronze is an metal alloy (mixture) primarily made of Tin (Sn) & Copper (Cu)

Fructose: sugar from fruits & vegetables – glucose: blood sugar – sucrose: table sugar

Mercury (Hg)Picture = lactose

Daily Journal #63 – December 20, 20101. What is the copper (Cu) content of current US pennies: 95%, 75%, 57%, 24%, or < 3%?

2. True or false? Current US dimes, quarters, & half-dollars have no silver (Ag) in them.

Cu content was 95% prior to 1959. Current composition of pennies = 97.5% zinc (Zn) core & 2.5% copper (Cu) plating

Major metals in these coins are copper (Cu) & nickel (Ni) or copper (Cu) & zinc (Zn).

3. How many sculptures are there of Lincoln on a current US penny? 2

Picture = date & mint mark on penny

Daily Journal #64 – December 21, 20101. All 1-letter (O, C, N, etc.) chemical symbols are capitalized. All multi-letter chemical symbols (Fe, Ar, Hg, Unq, etc.) have a 1st letter that is capitalized with all following letters in lower case. Why?

2. The chemical element iodine (I) is a necessary nutrient. From what source do many people get it?

Prevents confusion identifying chemicals in compounds. Example: without rule would CO be the molecule carbon monoxide (Carbon + Oxygen) or the element Cobalt (Co)? Every capital letter indicates the presence of an new element, every small letter is associated with the first capital letter on its left.

Iodized table salt (NaCl)3. Extremely cold days are usually clear and sunny. Why? Cloud cover (on overcast day) acts like blanket

keeping heat close to Earth’s surfacePicture = goiters


1. This form of carbon (C) is used in pencils and in powdered form can be a lock lubricant.

3. True or false? The element tin (Sn) plays an important role in making many toothpastes.

2. What is 22% of 20,000?

graphite

.22 x 20,000 = 4,400

The compound stannous fluoride (SnF2) (1 tin atom bonded to 2 fluorine atoms) provides fluorine which reduces tooth decayPicture = graphite


3. What president did not allow Christmas trees to be placed in the White House? Hint: he was an avid environmentalist

2. In what major country does every holiday first begin? Hint: it’s just west of the International Date Line

1.Assuming Rudolph is always in the lead, how many possible ways are there to a arrange the rest of the reindeer?

Teddy RooseveltPicture = Jolie & Coltrane

New Zealand

8! = 8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 = 40,320 = 8 factorial

Daily Journal #67 – January 3, 2011!!!

1. There are 32 teams in the NFL. All teams play 16 games during the regular season. How many regular season games are played?

2. 12 teams have made the NFL playoffs. How many games must be played (including the Super Bowl) to determine a champion? Hint: how many teams does each game eliminate?

3. Facts or opinions? Barack Obama is the 44th president. Pres. Obama has done an excellent job since his inauguration.

256 = (32 teams x 16 games) ÷ 2 teams per game

Fact & opinion respectivelyPicture = Tylenol

11

Daily Journal #68 – January 4, 2011

Boiling point

3. True or False? A melting point temperature is the same as a freezing point temperature. Hint: think of water. Melting is a solid changing to a liquid – freezing is a liquid

changing into a solid – these two processes (melting & freezing) happen at the same temperature but in different “directions” – melting is a warming process, freezing is a cooling process but they happen at the same temperature (example: melting point for water = 32°F or 100°C, freezing point for water = 32°F or 100°C)

Picture = chemicals in human body

1. What is the term for the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas?

2. What is the term for the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid? Melting point


1. Which element is used most often as fuel in a nuclear reactor? Hint: same element is used to make nuclear weapons

3. In what physical phase (or state) are atoms or molecules packed most closely together: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma?

2. The N side of Blue Mtn. at the Lehigh River Gap has been defoliated by the mining and processing of what element? Hint: element starts with letter Z

Zinc (Zn) – caused by fumes from smelting (heating Zn ore rock to separate pure Zn metal from it)

Uranium (U)

Picture = zinc smelter & Blue Mtn.


1. A fraction’s numerator stays the same while its denominator increases (ex.: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/8, 1/9, etc.). Therefore, the fraction’s value: increases, decreases, or stays the same.

2. A fraction’s denominator stays the same while its numerator increases (ex.: 1/2, 2/2, 3/2, 4/2, 5/2, 6/2, 7/2, 8/2, etc.). Therefore, the fraction’s value: increases, decreases, or stays the same.

3. True or false? A fraction where the numerator is less than the denominator is always less than 1. Ex.: 2/3, 3/4, 6/8, 7/8, 9/10, 54/55, 671/672, 901/902, etc. picture = spinner

Daily Journal #71 – January 10, 20111. What does the prefix pseudo- mean? Pseudonym What does the root pod- mean? Podiatrist, tripod

3. A population of bacteria starting at 2 doubles itself every 1 hour. How many hours will it take to reach a population of 128 bacteria?

Pseudo = false

2. What is (-1)2? What is (-1)3?

Pod = foot

Any negative number times itself an even number of times will give a + result ----- any negative number times itself an odd number of times will give a - result

+ 1

6 hours

What is (-1)400?What is (-1)401?

+ 1

- 1- 1

2 → 4 → 8 → 16 → 32 → 64 → 128Picture = pseudopods

1st hr. 2nd hr. 3rd hr. 4th hr. 5th hr. 6th hr.

Daily Journal #72 – January 11, 20111. The chemical trinitrotoluene is better known by what set of initials?

3. What is the most massive (or heaviest) element with a one letter symbol?

2. Quicksilver is another name for what chemical element?

TNT

Uranium – (U)Picture = vanillin

Mercury – (Hg)

Daily Journal #73 – January 13, 20111. In math, what is the rule of signs (+ and – signs) in multiplication and division?

3. I’m very light, invisible to human sight, if exposed to flame I explode with might, in rockets I power flights. What am I?

2. I’m essential for life on Earth, I’m with you from birth, I’m in fire & rain, arteries & veins. What am I?

Like signs result is + unlike signs result is –+ x + = + + / + = + + x - = - + / - = -- x - = + - / - = + - x + = - - / + = -

Hydrogen – (H)

Oxygen - (O)

Picture = penicillin


1. What is 40% of 4?

2. What is .4% of 4?

3. What is 4000% of 4?

.4 x 4 = 1.6

4000%/100% = 40 …..40 x 4 = 160

Picture = insulin

.004 x 4 = .016

Daily Journal #75 – January 19, 20111. True or false? If you climbed to the top of Mt. Everest, your mass would change.

3. True or false? Your weight would be different on the Moon & every planet in the Solar System.

2. True or false? If you climbed to the top of Mt. Everest, your weight would change.

Number of atoms that makes up you does not change, therefore your mass doesn’t change

Your mass would be constant but different planets have different masses. Therefore, on a large very massive planet like Jupiter your weight would increase. On a smaller less massive planet like Mercury,

your weight would decrease. Picture = lactose

It would be less. On top of Mt. Everest, you are 6 miles further from the center of the Earth and therefore 6 miles further away from the Earth’s mass. The force of gravity depends on the amount of mass involved and the distance between the mass involved.

Daily Journal #76 – January 20, 20111. An event took place 25 hours and 55 minutes before 12:45 am on a Wednesday. On what day and time did it take place?

3. What is the next number in the series 1, 11, 20, 28, 35, 41, 46, 50, 53, 55, 56, ____?

2. What does the prefix uni- mean? The suffix –ist?

Uni- = one

10:50 pm Monday

unicorn, unicycle, universe – biologist, scientist, chemist, psychologist, podiatrist

-ist = a person who does/performs something

56 – each addition is one less than the last – examples: 50 to 53 adds 3, 53 to 55 adds 2, 55 to 56 adds 1, the next step must be to add zero (56 + 0 = 56)Picture = nicotine

Daily Journal #77 – January 24, 20111. The process of changing from a liquid to a gas is called what? (2 different terms)

3. What is 500% of 500?

2. Tearing a piece of paper and boiling water both represent what type of change?

Evaporation

2,500 – 100% of any number is that number –--- 500% / 100% = 5 --- therefore 500% of 500 =5 x 500 = 2,500

Picture = kidney stone

Physical change – nothing is changed chemically

Boiling

Daily Journal #78 – January 25, 20111. A neutron walks into a shop looking for a shirt. Finding one he/she/it asks the price. What is the reply?

3. Which element has close to 10,000,000 known compounds? Hint: it is a key element in biochemistry.

2. What is the common name for dihydrogen monoxide?

“for you - no charge”

Carbon – (C)

Picture = snow/ice

Water - (H2O)


3. What do the prefixes omni- & oct- mean?

1. Density = mass/volume (or grams/liters in the metric system). Are the following densities increasing or decreasing? 1g/5L, 1g/6L, 1g/7L, 1g/8L (mass staying constant, volume increasing)

2. The theoretical probability of heads on a coin toss = .5 Can the experimental (actual) probability be different than the theoretical probability?

if you toss a coin 100 times the actual experimental results could be anywhere from 0 (0 heads/100 tosses) to 1 (100 heads/100 tosses)

1g/5L = .200g/L, 1g/6L = .167g/L, 1g/7L = .143g/L, 1g/8L = .125g/L

Omnivore, omnipotent

Yes!!

Octagon, octopus, octal

Omni = all

Oct = 8 picture = menthol


3. With six shakes of a six-sided die, what is the probability of getting six 2’s in a row?

1. With one shake of a six-sided die, what is the probability of 2 being the result?

2. With two shakes of a six-sided die, what is the probability of getting two 2’s in a row?

1/6 = 1 qualifying outcome/6 possible outcomes

1/36 = 1/6 X 1/6 = 1/62

1/46,656 = 1/6 x 1/6 x 1/6 x 1/6 x 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/66

Look what happens if you add instead of multiply!!1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 = 1 A probability of 1 means it will always happen!!This means you’ll always get 6 2’s with six shakes of the die??????????? ---- Baloney!!!!!!!Picture = salt water density graph

Daily Journal #61 – December 16, 2010

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